水庫概況
黃(huang)蒿溝中游(you)的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫,位(wei)于黑龍江(jiang)省甘南(nan)縣查哈(ha)陽農(nong)場境內(nei)。始建于1941-1943年日(ri)偽時期。原名為(wei)黃(huang)蒿溝蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)池,因(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫大壩左側有座山名為(wei)太平(ping)山,故于1958年更名為(wei)太平(ping)湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫。太平(ping)湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫是一座以防洪(hong)、灌溉為(wei)主(zhu),兼顧養魚、旅游(you)等綜合利用的(de)多年調節大型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫。按100年一遇洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)設計,2000年一遇洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)校核。設計洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)198.17米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),相(xiang)應(ying)庫容(rong)(rong)1.15億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);校核洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)199.6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),相(xiang)應(ying)庫容(rong)(rong)1.53億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),正常蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)196.33米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),相(xiang)應(ying)庫容(rong)(rong)0.74億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),死水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)190.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),死庫容(rong)(rong)0.07億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),調節庫容(rong)(rong)0.7億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),防洪(hong)庫容(rong)(rong)0.947億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫集(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面積683平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)千米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。
太平湖地處中(zhong)(zhong)溫(wen)帶大(da)(da)陸性(xing)季(ji)(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候。春季(ji)(ji)(ji)風大(da)(da)、雨(yu)少、空氣(qi)(qi)干燥,溫(wen)度(du)變化劇烈(lie);夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)溫(wen)熱,雨(yu)量較多(duo)(duo)(duo),降(jiang)(jiang)水集中(zhong)(zhong);秋季(ji)(ji)(ji)涼爽.多(duo)(duo)(duo)晴(qing)朗天氣(qi)(qi),晝夜溫(wen)差較大(da)(da);冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)漫長,寒冷少雪(xue)。在西風環流控制(zhi)下,常年(nian)盛行(xing)西北風。多(duo)(duo)(duo)年(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)1.6攝(she)氏(shi)(shi)度(du).最(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-39攝(she)氏(shi)(shi)度(du),最(zui)高氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)37.5攝(she)氏(shi)(shi)度(du),有效積溫(wen)2470攝(she)氏(shi)(shi)度(du)。全年(nian)無(wu)霜期(qi)124天,多(duo)(duo)(duo)年(nian)平均(jun)凍(dong)(dong)結(jie)期(qi)5個月(yue),最(zui)大(da)(da)凍(dong)(dong)土深2.8米(mi)。多(duo)(duo)(duo)年(nian)平均(jun)年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水量460毫(hao)米(mi),降(jiang)(jiang)水年(nian)內分配不(bu)均(jun),6-8月(yue)降(jiang)(jiang)水量占全年(nian)的(de)70%。多(duo)(duo)(duo)年(nian)平均(jun)年(nian)蒸發量1400毫(hao)米(mi),4-6月(yue)的(de)蒸發量占全年(nian)的(de)50%。
多年(nian)平均入(ru)(ru)庫流(liu)量0.735立(li)方(fang)米(mi)每秒(miao)(miao)。在20年(nian)一遇(yu)洪水(shui)時(shi),可保障下游1200公(gong)頃耕地免受(shou)洪澇災害。1998年(nian)7月下旬至8月上旬,水(shui)庫發生了(le)超過100年(nian)一遇(yu)的特大(da)洪水(shui),8月10日(ri)(ri)最大(da)入(ru)(ru)庫流(liu)量1490立(li)方(fang)米(mi)每秒(miao)(miao),8月11日(ri)(ri)最大(da)出(chu)庫流(liu)量420立(li)方(fang)米(mi)每秒(miao)(miao),水(shui)庫水(shui)位197.59米(mi),相(xiang)應(ying)庫容(rong)1.10億立(li)方(fang)米(mi),溢洪道過流(liu)水(shui)深3.09米(mi)。
水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫不(bu)僅是查(cha)哈陽(yang)灌區(qu)興利防洪的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)性(xing)工程(cheng),更(geng)是灌區(qu)安(an)全度過(guo)缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)期的(de)保(bao)證水(shui)(shui)(shui)源。水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫除險(xian)加固后,可為灌區(qu)枯水(shui)(shui)(shui)期補水(shui)(shui)(shui)灌溉水(shui)(shui)(shui)田O.9萬公頃,保(bao)護下(xia)游耕地4.32萬公頃、草原2. 29萬公頃,以(yi)及3個鄉鎮、7 7個自然(ran)村屯、4.77萬人民生命財產的(de)安(an)全。
水庫樞紐
水(shui)庫樞紐工程(cheng)主要由(you)(you)土壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、溢洪(hong)道(dao)、輸水(shui)洞三部分(fen)組(zu)成。土壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)為(wei)均質土壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),全(quan)長750米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),最大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)16.15米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂高(gao)程(cheng)為(wei)200.45米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂寬(kuan)度為(wei)8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂設防浪墻,防浪墻頂高(gao)程(cheng)201.65米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。溢洪(hong)道(dao)位于壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)肩(jian)右側,為(wei)側槽式,基(ji)礎為(wei)致密(mi)的玄(xuan)武(wu)巖,設置6孔平(ping)板(ban)鑄鐵閘(zha)門,每孔凈寬(kuan)7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),最大(da)(da)泄(xie)流(liu)量750立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)每秒(miao)。輸水(shui)洞位于左岸山體內,由(you)(you)進水(shui)塔、隧(sui)洞、出口消力(li)池三部分(fen)組(zu)成,底(di)檻高(gao)程(cheng)187.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),由(you)(you)單孔平(ping)板(ban)鋼閘(zha)門控(kong)制,隧(sui)洞全(quan)長255.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),為(wei)馬蹄形無壓隧(sui)洞,洞徑為(wei)3.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),最大(da)(da)泄(xie)流(liu)量5 0立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)每秒(miao)。
建設歷史
太平(ping)湖(hu)水庫原名黃篙溝水庫。1958年(nian),中共(gong)黑龍江省委書(shu)記(ji)處書(shu)記(ji)楊易辰來水庫視察時,以水庫臨近太平(ping)山而命名為太平(ping)湖(hu)水庫。
太平湖水(shui)(shui)庫是東(dong)北(bei)淪陷時期(qi),日本“開拓(tuo)團”為解決在甘南縣(xian)查哈陽種水(shui)(shui)稻的灌(guan)溉(gai)用水(shui)(shui)補(bu)助(zhu)水(shui)(shui)源問題而建的。1941年動工(gong),1943年建成。
當時的(de)工(gong)程情況是:溢洪(hong)(hong)道(dao)(dao)堰(yan)寬35米(mi)(mi),側壁局(ju)部(bu)有(you)漿砌石砌護;輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)隧(sui)洞(dong)洞(dong)徑(jing)4.2米(mi)(mi),洞(dong)身(shen)除進(jin)口(kou)(kou)有(you)局(ju)部(bu)襯砌外,絕大部(bu)分(fen)未襯砌,進(jin)口(kou)(kou)建(jian)有(you)鋼筋混凝土取水(shui)(shui)(shui)塔,分(fen)3孔進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui),出(chu)口(kou)(kou)未建(jian)消力池(chi),輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)洞(dong)閘(zha)孔泄量小,閘(zha)門啟閉不靈;壩(ba)基承壓水(shui)(shui)(shui)未作處理,設(she)計標準低(di),施工(gong)質量差。1948年(nian)5月(yue)庫內水(shui)(shui)(shui)位196.2米(mi)(mi)時,溢洪(hong)(hong)道(dao)(dao)泄洪(hong)(hong),土壩(ba)壩(ba)腳出(chu)現(xian)3處漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)。1949年(nian)對漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)點的(de)壩(ba)坡(po)培厚維護,1952年(nian)秋季又(you)發(fa)生4處漏水(shui)(shui)(shui),迎水(shui)(shui)(shui)坡(po)發(fa)現(xian)下沉現(xian)象。1956年(nian)9月(yue)土壩(ba)下游(you)壩(ba)腳又(you)出(chu)現(xian)管涌現(xian)象,1957年(nian)5月(yue)在老河道(dao)(dao)下游(you)坡(po)腳出(chu)現(xian)了漏斗狀陷(xian)坑,直徑(jing)2米(mi)(mi),深1米(mi)(mi)。
整修加固
為(wei)解決漏水(shui)(shui)消(xiao)除(chu)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)險情,1963—1965年(nian)對水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進行全面整修(xiu)(xiu)加(jia)(jia)固。由省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)利(li)勘測設計院設計,省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)利(li)第一工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)處施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。整修(xiu)(xiu)加(jia)(jia)固工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)有:(1)土壩(ba)前護坡新修(xiu)(xiu)及(ji)局部(bu)翻修(xiu)(xiu),壩(ba)后(hou)培(pei)厚(hou),碎(sui)石鎮壓(ya)。壩(ba)頂高程(cheng)(cheng)全部(bu)達(da)到199.3米(mi)。(2)溢洪道(dao)擴(kuo)寬(kuan)(kuan)加(jia)(jia)深砌護,堰(yan)寬(kuan)(kuan)由35米(mi)擴(kuo)寬(kuan)(kuan)到48米(mi)。(3)輸水(shui)(shui)隧洞洞身全部(bu)用混(hun)凝土襯砌,重建(jian)鋼筋(jin)混(hun)凝土結構進水(shui)(shui)塔,出口(kou)新修(xiu)(xiu)擴(kuo)散型消(xiao)力(li)池,長37米(mi)。整修(xiu)(xiu)加(jia)(jia)固工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)1963年(nian)2月動工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),1965年(nian)7月竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。共完(wan)成(cheng)土方量1.14萬(wan)立(li)方米(mi),石方量13.16萬(wan)立(li)方米(mi),混(hun)凝土和鋼筋(jin)混(hun)凝土0.73萬(wan)立(li)方米(mi),工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造價(jia)290萬(wan)元。1965年(nian)9月,由省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)利(li)廳、省(sheng)(sheng)農墾廳、查(cha)哈(ha)陽農墾局、嫩江專(zhuan)署水(shui)(shui)利(li)局、建(jian)設銀行齊齊哈(ha)爾分行、甘南縣(xian)人民委員(yuan)會(hui)以及(ji)設計、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)等單位,共同組成(cheng)太平湖水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)整修(xiu)(xiu)加(jia)(jia)固工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收委員(yuan)會(hui),對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進行檢查(cha)驗收。
水庫管理
太平湖(hu)水庫由黑龍江省國營農場(chang)總局(ju)查(cha)哈(ha)陽農場(chang)管理(li)。灌(guan)溉(gai)(gai)效益(yi)在(zai)保(bao)證率75%情況下(xia),可補償灌(guan)溉(gai)(gai)水田10.5萬畝。防洪(hong)效益(yi)在(zai)二十年一遇洪(hong)水時,保(bao)證下(xia)游十字橋以下(xia)18萬畝可耕地免受(shou)洪(hong)水災害。