地理位置
弦(xian)歌臺位于河南(nan)省(sheng)淮陽(yang)區城西南(nan)隅(yu)水靜(jing)如練的(de)南(nan)壇湖中,這里紅連映日(ri),碧荷接(jie)天,風景優美,景色(se)宜人。
孔子與弦歌臺
圣人菜
東(dong)周時期,孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)曾三次來(lai)陳(chen)(chen)國(guo)(guo)講學,最后一(yi)(yi)次是(shi)公元(yuan)前489年(nian),楚昭王派(pai)人請孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)講學,但孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)講的(de)(de)(de)大道(dao)理(li)是(shi)讓統(tong)(tong)治者如(ru)何(he)治國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de),讓統(tong)(tong)治者如(ru)何(he)如(ru)何(he)管理(li)百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)的(de)(de)(de),陳(chen)(chen)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)老百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)不(bu)愿意了,沒等孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)到(dao)楚國(guo)(guo)見到(dao)楚昭王,老百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)就把孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)和他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)弟(di)子(zi)(zi)(zi)們(men)圍困在南壇湖(hu)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個小島上(shang)(shang)(shang),不(bu)給他(ta)們(men)吃(chi),不(bu)給他(ta)們(men)喝,孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)和弟(di)子(zi)(zi)(zi)們(men)餓得(de)頭暈眼花。沒辦法(fa),孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)和弟(di)子(zi)(zi)(zi)們(men)分頭到(dao)湖(hu)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)找吃(chi)的(de)(de)(de)。魚是(shi)捉(zhuo)不(bu)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de),孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)看湖(hu)里生長一(yi)(yi)種現在叫(jiao)蒲(pu)的(de)(de)(de)植物(wu),就拔(ba)出(chu)來(lai),上(shang)(shang)(shang)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)綠(lv)莖(jing)不(bu)能(neng)吃(chi),而下(xia)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)蒲(pu)根(gen)細膩白(bai)嫩,脆甜可(ke)(ke)口,孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)就和弟(di)子(zi)(zi)(zi)們(men)吃(chi)蒲(pu)根(gen),一(yi)(yi)連七日(ri),孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)和弟(di)子(zi)(zi)(zi)們(men)就靠(kao)蒲(pu)根(gen)生活下(xia)來(lai)。現在,這(zhe)種蒲(pu)根(gen)叫(jiao)“圣人菜(cai)”,涼拌(ban)、紅(hong)燒(shao)味(wei)道(dao)都很(hen)美(mei),成了陳(chen)(chen)州城各大餐館里一(yi)(yi)道(dao)特色菜(cai),有客人從遠方來(lai),這(zhe)道(dao)菜(cai)是(shi)必不(bu)可(ke)(ke)少的(de)(de)(de)。陳(chen)(chen)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)老百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)看到(dao)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)七日(ri)不(bu)曾餓死,還整日(ri)給弟(di)子(zi)(zi)(zi)們(men)誦史(shi)講學,便尊稱(cheng)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)為真“圣人”。后來(lai),陳(chen)(chen)國(guo)(guo)人就在孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)被圍困的(de)(de)(de)島上(shang)(shang)(shang)建了一(yi)(yi)座圣人廟,學名叫(jiao)“弦(xian)(xian)歌(ge)臺”,弦(xian)(xian)歌(ge)臺正殿兩邊(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)石柱上(shang)(shang)(shang),鐫刻(ke)著對(dui)聯一(yi)(yi)副,為“堂上(shang)(shang)(shang)弦(xian)(xian)歌(ge)七日(ri)不(bu)能(neng)容大道(dao),庭前俎豆千年(nian)猶自仰高山(shan)”,以紀(ji)念這(zhe)位老夫子(zi)(zi)(zi)三次來(lai)陳(chen)(chen)講學的(de)(de)(de)佳話。
弩臺
弦(xian)(xian)歌(ge)(ge)臺(tai)(tai),又稱(cheng)厄(e)臺(tai)(tai)、絕(jue)糧(liang)祠,位于(yu)縣(xian)城西(xi)南隅的(de)(de)(de)南壇(tan)湖中,臺(tai)(tai)上(shang)現存建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)二(er)門,正殿七(qi)(qi)(qi)間(jian)(jian)。正殿是主體建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),飛(fei)檐(yan)斗拱,上(shang)蓋綠色琉璃瓦(wa)。周(zhou)有(you)(you)(you)青石方柱二(er)十(shi)四(si)根。正門石柱上(shang)鐫刻的(de)(de)(de)對聯是“堂上(shang)弦(xian)(xian)歌(ge)(ge)七(qi)(qi)(qi)日不能容大(da)(da)道;庭(ting)前俎豆千(qian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)猶自(zi)仰高(gao)山。”前門上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)清(qing)康熙(xi)五(wu)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1711年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))立(li)的(de)(de)(de)石匾,上(shang)書(shu)“弦(xian)(xian)歌(ge)(ge)臺(tai)(tai)”三個大(da)(da)字(zi)。弦(xian)(xian)歌(ge)(ge)臺(tai)(tai),原名(ming)(ming)“弩臺(tai)(tai)”,《元(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)志》說(shuo):“后漢陳王寵(chong)善射,嘗于(yu)此教弩”所以(yi)得名(ming)(ming)。漢靈帝時,爆發(fa)了(le)黃巾(jin)起義,革命軍浩浩蕩蕩,所向披靡(mi),各郡縣(xian)守(shou)兵望風而逃。惟獨陳王劉寵(chong)占據(ju)陳城四(si)面環水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)地利,四(si)面吊(diao)橋高(gao)懸(xuan),自(zi)帶強弩手數千(qian)固守(shou)此臺(tai)(tai),義軍久攻不下,終于(yu)扼住了(le)黃巾(jin)軍,所以(yi)又稱(cheng)“扼臺(tai)(tai)”。到了(le)唐開元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian),孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)廟(miao)遷到這(zhe)里。明(ming)憲宗成(cheng)代六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),知(zhi)州倪誥重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)廟(miao)并塑(su)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)(he)十(shi)賢像(xiang)。明(ming)世宗嘉(jia)靖七(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1528年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),巡按御(yu)(yu)史(shi)譚(tan)纘(zuan)增拓(tuo)正殿七(qi)(qi)(qi)間(jian)(jian),門二(er)座,題曰(yue)“絕(jue)糧(liang)祠”。二(er)十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1542年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))巡按御(yu)(yu)史(shi)趙(zhao)繼本改(gai)名(ming)(ming)為“弦(xian)(xian)歌(ge)(ge)臺(tai)(tai)”。明(ming)神宗萬歷(li)二(er)十(shi)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1601年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),睢(sui)陳道徐(xu)即登(deng)增建(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)門,曰(yue)“美富之(zhi)(zhi)門”。清(qing)康熙(xi)二(er)十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1628年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),知(zhi)州蕭國弼重(zhong)修殿內塑(su)像(xiang),五(wu)十(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1713年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),都(dou)御(yu)(yu)史(shi)揆敘重(zhong)修大(da)(da)殿七(qi)(qi)(qi)楹(ying),改(gai)為方形(xing)石柱,上(shang)復綠琉璃瓦(wa),重(zhong)修孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)及(ji)十(shi)賢像(xiang)。乾隆、嘉(jia)慶、咸豐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)又多次(ci)修葺(qi),現存的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)是清(qing)乾隆四(si)十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de),由于(yu)諸多的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)原因,這(zhe)座被(bei)歷(li)史(shi)文人墨(mo)客稱(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)為陳州“八景”之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)弦(xian)(xian)歌(ge)(ge)臺(tai)(tai),已失去了(le)昔日的(de)(de)(de)輝煌(huang),顯得破舊(jiu)。1955年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底,在(zai)縣(xian)委、政府的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視下,弦(xian)(xian)歌(ge)(ge)臺(tai)(tai)得以(yi)整修,修繕了(le)一(yi)進院落圍墻(qiang)和(he)(he)正門,重(zhong)塑(su)了(le)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)像(xiang),使弦(xian)(xian)歌(ge)(ge)臺(tai)(tai)正門量現一(yi)派巍峨氣勢。殿內,一(yi)尊身高(gao)三米,面目慈祥,服飾飄逸(yi)的(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)像(xiang),端坐在(zai)一(yi)米五(wu)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)石雕像(xiang)基上(shang)。《史(shi)記(ji)·孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)世家》、《韓詩外傳》、《孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)家語》、《孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)集注》、《搜(sou)神記(ji)》等書(shu)都(dou)有(you)(you)(you)關于(yu)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)陳絕(jue)糧(liang)的(de)(de)(de)記(ji)載。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)陳三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),還做(zuo)過(guo)陳國的(de)(de)(de)官。
厄臺碑
一(yi)(yi)代(dai)(dai)儒師、教育家(jia)(jia)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi),其杰(jie)出的(de)思想(xiang)集(ji)中在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)些著作中,不(bu)僅對中國,乃(nai)至世界都產生(sheng)了巨(ju)大(da)的(de)影響。歷(li)史(shi)文人(ren)(ren)都對他推崇備至,甚至連孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)游(you)(you)說于(yu)陳(chen)(chen)蔡(cai)(cai),在(zai)(zai)陳(chen)(chen)蔡(cai)(cai)絕(jue)(jue)糧這(zhe)件(jian)不(bu)大(da)光彩(cai)的(de)歷(li)史(shi),也(ye)被儒家(jia)(jia)贊(zan)為(wei)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)偉績(ji),一(yi)(yi)代(dai)(dai)文學家(jia)(jia)王(wang)禹(yu)在(zai)(zai)陳(chen)(chen)州《厄(e)(e)臺(tai)(tai)碑》中,把孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)厄(e)(e)于(yu)陳(chen)(chen)蔡(cai)(cai)與“天地(di)厄(e)(e)于(yu)晦月,日(ri)月厄(e)(e)于(yu)薄蝕(shi),帝舜厄(e)(e)于(yu)歷(li)山(shan),大(da)禹(yu)厄(e)(e)于(yu)洪水(shui),成湯(tang)厄(e)(e)于(yu)夏臺(tai)(tai),文王(wang)厄(e)(e)于(yu)里”相提(ti)并論。“唐(tang)八大(da)家(jia)(jia)”之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)的(de)曾鞏也(ye)吹捧孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)陳(chen)(chen)蔡(cai)(cai)絕(jue)(jue)糧是“圣人(ren)(ren)齊(qi)日(ri)月之(zhi)時(shi),不(bu)能(neng)違日(ri)月之(zhi)道”。淮(huai)陽(yang)(yang)是孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)教澤所及之(zhi)地(di),他的(de)七十二個(ge)得意弟子(zi)中,淮(huai)陽(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)就占4個(ge),加之(zhi)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)在(zai)(zai)陳(chen)(chen)絕(jue)(jue)糧,數千年來(lai),世人(ren)(ren)共知。所以(yi)歷(li)代(dai)(dai)陳(chen)(chen)人(ren)(ren)建祠紀念,教化后人(ren)(ren)不(bu)忘儒家(jia)(jia)老祖宗(zong)的(de)困苦(ku)與艱辛。一(yi)(yi)九九六年五(wu)月一(yi)(yi)日(ri),香港企業家(jia)(jia),香港孔(kong)(kong)教學院院長(chang)湯(tang)恩佳先后為(wei)河南這(zhe)座唯一(yi)(yi)孔(kong)(kong)廟捐贈的(de)三米孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)銅像在(zai)(zai)陳(chen)(chen)州落成揭幕;臺(tai)(tai)內主要(yao)建筑大(da)成殿已修葺一(yi)(yi)新。目(mu)前,國家(jia)(jia)旅游(you)(you)局將這(zhe)座名勝列入“孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)周游(you)(you)列國”國家(jia)(jia)旅游(you)(you)專線必至景點,弦(xian)歌臺(tai)(tai)這(zhe)座歷(li)史(shi)名勝,不(bu)久將成為(wei)人(ren)(ren)們(men)尋古(gu)探幽(you)的(de)勝地(di)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。
保護
1962年(nian)4月(yue)被淮陽區人民(min)委員會(hui)公布為第一批(pi)重點文物保護單位(wei),2006年(nian)7月(yue)被河南省人民(min)政(zheng)府公布為重點文物保護單位(wei)。