簡介
西(xi)(xi)夏王陵(ling)(ling)位(wei)于寧夏回族(zu)自治區(qu)銀川(chuan)市西(xi)(xi)部30公里的(de)賀(he)蘭山(shan)東麓,陵(ling)(ling)區(qu)北起泉齊溝,南至銀巴(ba)公路,南北長約10公里;東臨西(xi)(xi)干(gan)渠(qu),西(xi)(xi)靠賀(he)蘭山(shan),東西(xi)(xi)寬約5公里,總占地面積約為50平方公里。陵(ling)(ling)區(qu)位(wei)于賀(he)蘭山(shan)中段(duan)南段(duan)東側,為山(shan)前洪積扇地帶,海(hai)拔(ba)1150-1220米。地表遍(bian)布礫石和(he)粗砂,地基承重力大,保水(shui)性差,自然排水(shui)條件(jian)好。良好的(de)地基使(shi)西(xi)(xi)夏王陵(ling)(ling)成(cheng)功(gong)渡過了(le)西(xi)(xi)北地區(qu)歷史上的(de)多(duo)場大地震。陵(ling)(ling)園所處(chu)位(wei)置常年(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量偏少,山(shan)洪暴發(fa)的(de)可能性很(hen)低,利于陵(ling)(ling)園的(de)整體保護。初建(jian)時(shi)每(mei)個陵(ling)(ling)園均有地下(xia)陵(ling)(ling)寢、墓室、地面建(jian)筑(zhu)和(he)園林,獨立占地都在10萬(wan)平方米左(zuo)右,形制與布局大體相同(tong)。
西夏王(wang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)中帝(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)共有(you)(you)9座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),根據1990年(nian)所(suo)編號(hao)(hao)(hao)碼,一(yi)號(hao)(hao)(hao)、二號(hao)(hao)(hao)、三(san)(san)號(hao)(hao)(hao)、五號(hao)(hao)(hao)、七號(hao)(hao)(hao)和九號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)位于平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)之上,四號(hao)(hao)(hao)、六(liu)號(hao)(hao)(hao)和八號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)則依山而(er)建(jian)(jian)。每一(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)帝(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)均(jun)坐北朝南,呈縱向長(chang)方形(xing),占(zhan)地(di)面(mian)積達10萬平(ping)(ping)方米以上。這(zhe)些(xie)帝(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)郭(guo)形(xing)制雖然有(you)(you)開口式(shi)、封(feng)閉式(shi)和無(wu)外(wai)郭(guo)式(shi)三(san)(san)種,內部(bu)結構卻大(da)體相(xiang)同,分為角(jiao)臺、闕臺、月城(cheng)、陵(ling)(ling)(ling)城(cheng)四部(bu)分。這(zhe)些(xie)帝(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)郭(guo)或宮(gong)城(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)寬比(bi)(bi)例都在1.5:1.7之間(jian),與史籍(ji)記(ji)載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)興慶府城(cheng)郭(guo)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)寬比(bi)(bi)大(da)致(zhi)相(xiang)當。史籍(ji)當中記(ji)載(zai)西夏王(wang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)有(you)(you)名號(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)也(ye)只有(you)(you)9座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),而(er)神宗李(li)(li)(li)遵頊、獻宗李(li)(li)(li)德旺、末主李(li)(li)(li)晛的(de)(de)(de)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)史籍(ji)沒有(you)(you)記(ji)載(zai),可能存在的(de)(de)(de)其(qi)余三(san)(san)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)帝(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)則或許由于西夏末年(nian)兵荒馬亂而(er)并(bing)未建(jian)(jian)造,也(ye)有(you)(you)可能在二十世紀六(liu)十年(nian)代被(bei)當地(di)某(mou)建(jian)(jian)筑單位夷平(ping)(ping)。在這(zhe)些(xie)帝(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)4個區域,集(ji)(ji)中分布著(zhu)至少254座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)陪(pei)葬(zang)墓(mu)。在陪(pei)葬(zang)墓(mu)集(ji)(ji)中的(de)(de)(de)七號(hao)(hao)(hao)、八號(hao)(hao)(hao)、九號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)一(yi)帶,考古人(ren)員清理出1座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)西夏祖廟的(de)(de)(de)遺址。
此外,九(jiu)座(zuo)帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)現(xian)存碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)遺址共16處,其(qi)中一號(hao)(hao)(hao)、二(er)號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)各3座(zuo),三號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)2座(zuo),四(si)號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)現(xian)只(zhi)存1座(zuo)西碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting),五號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)3座(zuo),六號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)2座(zuo),七(qi)號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)2座(zuo)。八號(hao)(hao)(hao)、九(jiu)號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)除陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)塔外,所(suo)有(you)(you)地面建筑(zhu)均被夷平,故碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)已不存。按照西夏陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區其(qi)他帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)的陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)園建筑(zhu)規制、布局,估計八號(hao)(hao)(hao)、九(jiu)號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)原來至少(shao)各有(you)(you)2座(zuo)碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)。九(jiu)號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)西碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)曾于二(er)十(shi)世紀(ji)七(qi)十(shi)年代某單(dan)位基(ji)建時出土了4件雕像石碑(bei)座(zuo)。
陵區北部(bu)(bu)(bu)偏東,有(you)(you)一(yi)座(zuo)規模(mo)較大的(de)陵邑(yi)性質的(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)遺址。遺址內廣場、道路、院落、水井和(he)(he)房屋等(deng)遺跡都清(qing)晰可見,布局十分規范整(zheng)齊,總(zong)面積近10萬平方米。四周(zhou)筑(zhu)有(you)(you)夯土(tu)城墻。城內分前(qian)、中(zhong)(zhong)、后三個部(bu)(bu)(bu)分,中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)(he)后部(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)正中(zhong)(zhong)各有(you)(you)一(yi)座(zuo)規模(mo)宏大的(de)殿(dian)堂,其他建(jian)筑(zhu)多集中(zhong)(zhong)在城的(de)前(qian)部(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)(he)中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu),并組成(cheng)一(yi)座(zuo)座(zuo)封閉(bi)式庭院。遺址中(zhong)(zhong)發掘出大批色(se)澤鮮艷(yan)的(de)綠色(se)琉璃板瓦、筒(tong)瓦、瓦當(dang)、滴水、脊獸、鴟吻和(he)(he)其他建(jian)筑(zhu)裝飾(shi)構件,如乳白色(se)或青白色(se)帶有(you)(you)冰裂紋的(de)小白瓷板瓦、側邊有(you)(you)黑色(se)釉的(de)牛(niu)郎合瓦、精雕細琢的(de)石刻。
陵邑附近,西(xi)干渠西(xi)岸(an)、昊王(wang)(wang)渠及其東(dong)西(xi)兩(liang)側的自(zi)然岡丘上,由(you)北向南分布著一系列西(xi)夏(xia)窯址(zhi),綿延七八公里(li),計幾(ji)十(shi)余處之多。其中有燒制方磚(zhuan)、長(chang)方磚(zhuan)、條磚(zhuan)、板筒瓦、瓦當(dang)、滴水(shui)、琉璃飾(shi)件等建(jian)(jian)材的磚(zhuan)瓦窯和石灰(hui)窯。據研究人員推測,該(gai)窯址(zhi)為專門燒制西(xi)夏(xia)王(wang)(wang)陵建(jian)(jian)筑材料而(er)建(jian)(jian)。
除此(ci)九大(da)陵區外,另有神(shen)宗李(li)遵頊(xu)、獻宗李(li)德旺、末主(zhu)李(li)晛等獨立陵區。
主要陵區
綜述
截(jie)至2014年,西(xi)夏王陵(ling)遺址(zhi)共(gong)確認(ren)出(chu)西(xi)夏帝陵(ling)9座(zuo),陵(ling)邑(yi)遺址(zhi)1座(zuo),陪葬墓254座(zuo),窯(yao)址(zhi)幾十處,祖廟(miao)1座(zuo),除7號陵(ling)和182號陪葬墓外,其余墓葬的墓主(zhu)人尚無法得到最終確認(ren)。
裕陵
陵(ling)區(qu)坐(zuo)北(bei)朝南(nan),方(fang)向(xiang)南(nan)偏(pian)東15度。地面建筑基本全(quan)部變成廢(fei)墟。整個陵(ling)園為封閉(bi)式外神墻包圍,墻外有(you)角(jiao)臺(tai),陵(ling)園內(nei)從南(nan)到(dao)北(bei)有(you)闕(que)臺(tai)、碑亭、月城、內(nei)城;內(nei)城中(zhong)有(you)獻殿(dian)、墓(mu)道、陵(ling)臺(tai)等建筑。
該(gai)陵園(yuan)的外(wai)(wai)城已(yi)經全部倒(dao)塌(ta),呈(cheng)南(nan)北(bei)長(chang)(chang)方形(xing)(xing),南(nan)北(bei)長(chang)(chang)360米(mi),東(dong)西寬(kuan)250米(mi);南(nan)墻(qiang)正中留有(you)(you)門道,寬(kuan)約35米(mi),其(qi)(qi)余三面封閉,墻(qiang)體(ti)為(wei)夯土實心,外(wai)(wai)表(biao)包砌(qi)石(shi)塊,厚(hou)度在(zai)1.7米(mi)左(zuo)右。陵園(yuan)南(nan)端外(wai)(wai)神(shen)門內兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側(ce)(ce)建有(you)(you)東(dong)西相(xiang)(xiang)對的2座(zuo)(zuo)闕(que)臺(tai),彼此相(xiang)(xiang)距65米(mi),由(you)黃沙(sha)質夯土筑成,基底呈(cheng)正方形(xing)(xing),每邊長(chang)(chang)8米(mi),高6米(mi)左(zuo)右。現殘存(cun)(cun)平(ping)頂,周圍(wei)殘存(cun)(cun)板(ban)瓦、筒瓦殘片以及(ji)磚塊、褐紅泥皮堆積。陵園(yuan)內共有(you)(you)三座(zuo)(zuo)碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)遺址,其(qi)(qi)中在(zai)東(dong)側(ce)(ce)有(you)(you)2座(zuo)(zuo),西側(ce)(ce)有(you)(you)1座(zuo)(zuo)。靠北(bei)的一側(ce)(ce)東(dong)西兩(liang)(liang)(liang)座(zuo)(zuo)碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)相(xiang)(xiang)對,距離闕(que)臺(tai)各(ge)40米(mi),兩(liang)(liang)(liang)碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)相(xiang)(xiang)距65米(mi)。西碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)殘存(cun)(cun)臺(tai)基約1.5米(mi),臺(tai)面邊長(chang)(chang)10米(mi),臺(tai)面殘存(cun)(cun)鋪地(di)磚,臺(tai)基周圍(wei)被倒(dao)塌(ta)的殘磚亂瓦及(ji)土石(shi)填(tian)起,堆積呈(cheng)圓臺(tai)型,堆積之上及(ji)其(qi)(qi)周圍(wei)散布大量(liang)(liang)磚瓦、石(shi)碑(bei)碎(sui)塊,還(huan)有(you)(you)少量(liang)(liang)琉璃瓦和槽(cao)心瓦殘塊。東(dong)碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)比(bi)西碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)略高,其(qi)(qi)他情(qing)況與(yu)西碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)類(lei)似。東(dong)碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)南(nan)側(ce)(ce)10米(mi)處(chu)(chu)有(you)(you)1座(zuo)(zuo)小碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting),堆積高約1米(mi),正方形(xing)(xing)臺(tai)基,邊長(chang)(chang)約8米(mi),其(qi)(qi)他殘骸與(yu)另兩(liang)(liang)(liang)座(zuo)(zuo)碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)類(lei)似。在(zai)碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)以北(bei)約110米(mi)處(chu)(chu)有(you)(you)一處(chu)(chu)月(yue)(yue)城遺址,神(shen)墻(qiang)多已(yi)倒(dao)塌(ta),門址兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側(ce)(ce)各(ge)殘存(cun)(cun)一段較高的墻(qiang)體(ti)。月(yue)(yue)城的墻(qiang)體(ti)為(wei)黃沙(sha)土夯筑,夯層厚(hou)8至13厘米(mi)不(bu)等,月(yue)(yue)城內神(shen)道兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側(ce)(ce)各(ge)有(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)列(lie)石(shi)像生遺址,間距15米(mi),石(shi)像生殘塊已(yi)很難(nan)找到。
月城(cheng)(cheng)以北(bei)(bei)(bei)為內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),該遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)呈(cheng)南(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)長(chang)方(fang)形(xing)(xing),南(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)長(chang)約(yue)115米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)西(xi)(xi)長(chang)200米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。四面(mian)以神(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)環繞,南(nan)端(duan)距(ju)(ju)離外(wai)(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)137米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)、西(xi)(xi)、北(bei)(bei)(bei)三面(mian)均(jun)(jun)相距(ju)(ju)22米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右。墻(qiang)基寬約(yue)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),黃沙(sha)土(tu)分(fen)段夯筑,殘(can)存(cun)(cun)最高(gao)可達4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)余。南(nan)神(shen)(shen)門(men)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寬12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),周(zhou)圍有(you)(you)(you)(you)大量(liang)磚(zhuan)、瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)以及琉璃(li)(li)(li)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、槽(cao)心瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)殘(can)塊(kuai)。門(men)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兩側墻(qiang)體加寬,另外(wai)(wai)(wai)3面(mian)神(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)正中亦辟門(men),都(dou)散(san)見(jian)磚(zhuan)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa),門(men)道暢(chang)通。內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)四個轉角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)處夯土(tu)皆(jie)殘(can)存(cun)(cun)較(jiao)多(duo),均(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)磚(zhuan)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)等建(jian)(jian)筑材(cai)料散(san)布。在(zai)(zai)南(nan)神(shen)(shen)門(men)內(nei)偏西(xi)(xi)約(yue)30米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)處獻(xian)殿遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),殘(can)存(cun)(cun)臺(tai)(tai)基為東(dong)西(xi)(xi)向(xiang)長(chang)方(fang)形(xing)(xing),臺(tai)(tai)面(mian)長(chang)18米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),其(qi)(qi)上及周(zhou)圍散(san)見(jian)大量(liang)磚(zhuan)、瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、琉璃(li)(li)(li)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、槽(cao)心瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、脊飾等建(jian)(jian)筑材(cai)料。從(cong)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)堆積分(fen)析,獻(xian)殿的(de)(de)風(feng)格疑(yi)似為歇山式(shi)殿堂。在(zai)(zai)獻(xian)殿之后約(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處為墓(mu)道封土(tu),成(cheng)魚脊形(xing)(xing)狀隆起,東(dong)南(nan)低西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)高(gao),除砂(sha)礫填土(tu)外(wai)(wai)(wai),表面(mian)多(duo)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)石(shi)塊(kuai),其(qi)(qi)末端(duan)已經被破壞。墓(mu)道封土(tu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)端(duan)東(dong)側約(yue)15米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處近距(ju)(ju)陵臺(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)地方(fang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)1處鐘虡遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),僅剩高(gao)約(yue)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),底面(mian)邊長(chang)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)夯土(tu)臺(tai)(tai),其(qi)(qi)周(zhou)圍散(san)見(jian)琉璃(li)(li)(li)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)等建(jian)(jian)筑材(cai)料陵園內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)1處陵臺(tai)(tai),該陵臺(tai)(tai)距(ju)(ju)離北(bei)(bei)(bei)墻(qiang)35米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),距(ju)(ju)離西(xi)(xi)墻(qiang)45米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),外(wai)(wai)(wai)形(xing)(xing)呈(cheng)八(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing),分(fen)七個層(ceng)次(ci),每層(ceng)向(xiang)內(nei)收分(fen),頂(ding)部趨尖。陵臺(tai)(tai)夯土(tu)周(zhou)身(shen)有(you)(you)(you)(you)椽洞,洞孔(kong)隨收分(fen)成(cheng)層(ceng)分(fen)布,其(qi)(qi)孔(kong)徑10至30厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不等,陵臺(tai)(tai)周(zhou)圍數布大量(liang)青磚(zhuan)、灰瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)及琉璃(li)(li)(li)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、糟心瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)等建(jian)(jian)筑材(cai)料。在(zai)(zai)外(wai)(wai)(wai)神(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)的(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)(wai)側有(you)(you)(you)(you)4處角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai),外(wai)(wai)(wai)形(xing)(xing)呈(cheng)覆斗型,高(gao)約(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。前角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)緊(jin)靠(kao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)神(shen)(shen)墻(qiang),其(qi)(qi)連(lian)線跨越月城(cheng)(cheng)中央。臺(tai)(tai)體為底邊長(chang)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)夯土(tu)筑成(cheng),均(jun)(jun)坍塌嚴重(zhong),周(zhou)圍有(you)(you)(you)(you)磚(zhuan)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)等建(jian)(jian)筑材(cai)料,后角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)在(zai)(zai)外(wai)(wai)(wai)神(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)轉角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)側。
嘉陵
號(hao)陵(ling)。陵(ling)主李(li)(li)德明,李(li)(li)繼遷之(zhi)長子(zi),系西夏皇帝李(li)(li)元昊之(zhi)父(fu)。墓號(hao)嘉陵(ling)。二號(hao)陵(ling)位于一號(hao)陵(ling)西北部(bu)約(yue)30米的位置處。地(di)(di)面建筑基本全(quan)部(bu)變成廢墟(xu)。其除四周角臺(tai)殘存(cun)高度(du)比一號(hao)陵(ling)略(lve)低之(zhi)外(wai),其余殘存(cun)情況、整(zheng)體架構、建筑組成、地(di)(di)理朝向等均與一號(hao)陵(ling)類似(si)。
泰陵
落在一片開闊(kuo)地上,其(qi)西南(nan)(nan)約(yue)3公里遠處(chu)為一號、二號陵,其(qi)北(bei)約(yue)1.5公里為五號、六號陵,其(qi)西約(yue)2公里則(ze)為四(si)號陵。三號陵園(yuan)坐(zuo)北(bei)朝南(nan)(nan),方向南(nan)(nan)偏東55度。地面建(jian)筑被嚴重破(po)壞(huai)。整座陵園(yuan)從(cong)南(nan)(nan)到北(bei)由角臺、闕臺、碑(bei)亭(ting)、月城、內城、獻殿、墓(mu)道封(feng)土、陵臺等共(gong)同組成。2000年(nian)10月至11月、2001年(nian)4月至6月以及(ji)2001年(nian)9月至10月,考(kao)古人員對三號陵園(yuan)建(jian)筑遺址進行了三次大規(gui)模考(kao)古發掘,揭露面積2萬多(duo)平方米(mi)。
陵園(yuan)南端左右兩(liang)側各有(you)1座(zuo)(zuo)闕(que)(que)臺(tai)遺(yi)址(zhi),兩(liang)座(zuo)(zuo)遺(yi)址(zhi)東(dong)西(xi)相距約(yue)120米(mi)(mi),由純凈黃土筑(zhu)(zhu)成。東(dong)闕(que)(que)臺(tai)基部(bu)呈方(fang)(fang)形,邊長約(yue)8米(mi)(mi),高約(yue)8米(mi)(mi),上部(bu)向內(nei)收,頂部(bu)有(you)一較小的(de)(de)臺(tai)基,頂部(bu)和周圍散落有(you)大量建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)殘(can)(can)塊,經(jing)過(guo)細致發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)(jue)后發(fa)(fa)現根(gen)部(bu)已(yi)經(jing)被掏空。西(xi)闕(que)(que)臺(tai)已(yi)剝(bo)落成2層圓(yuan)臺(tai)形狀,臺(tai)高6.8米(mi)(mi)。周圍散落磚(zhuan)瓦殘(can)(can)塊等建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)料。位于雙闕(que)(que)臺(tai)以(yi)(yi)北約(yue)50米(mi)(mi)有(you)2座(zuo)(zuo)碑(bei)亭(ting)遺(yi)址(zhi)。碑(bei)亭(ting)東(dong)西(xi)相對,間(jian)距120米(mi)(mi),已(yi)經(jing)全部(bu)被發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)(jue)。其(qi)中東(dong)碑(bei)亭(ting)臺(tai)基呈方(fang)(fang)形,邊長21.5米(mi)(mi),夯筑(zhu)(zhu)土臺(tai),臺(tai)基四周以(yi)(yi)扭繩紋長方(fang)(fang)形磚(zhuan)砌成三級(ji)逐漸收縮的(de)(de)臺(tai)階,高2.35米(mi)(mi)。臺(tai)而為圓(yuan)角方(fang)(fang)形,邊長15.5米(mi)(mi),中部(bu)為一圓(yuan)形基址(zhi),直徑13.4米(mi)(mi),室(shi)內(nei)直徑7.5米(mi)(mi),其(qi)外(wai)為寬2.85米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)墻基,室(shi)內(nei)鋪方(fang)(fang)磚(zhuan)、中部(bu)殘(can)(can)存3個人(ren)像石座(zuo)(zuo)。周圍有(you)大量西(xi)夏文碑(bei)殘(can)(can)塊及銅鈴鐺、甲片等建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)料。碑(bei)亭(ting)南面開(kai)門(men),門(men)內(nei)有(you)25塊方(fang)(fang)形花(hua)紋磚(zhuan)呈方(fang)(fang)形排列(lie),門(men)外(wai)延伸出(chu)斜坡式(shi)踏(ta)道(dao)。在(zai)西(xi)、北兩(liang)邊側有(you)5座(zuo)(zuo)灶坑,灶坑鑿(zao)穿了(le)臺(tai)基,內(nei)壁堅硬,有(you)很重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)煙痕,坑內(nei)堆積(ji)(ji)與臺(tai)基上部(bu)堆積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)殘(can)(can)塊種類(lei)相同。發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)(jue)物中以(yi)(yi)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)用磚(zhuan)最多(duo),數量驚人(ren),卻(que)極少見列(lie)瓦片。由于破(po)壞燒毀(hui)嚴重(zhong)(zhong),屋頂的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)風格已(yi)無法推測。富有(you)物征的(de)(de)花(hua)紋磚(zhuan),圖案達8種以(yi)(yi)上。粗繩紋磚(zhuan)中部(bu)多(duo)在(zai)凹槽內(nei)有(you)1漢字(zi),如李(li)、牛、言(yan)、五等漢字(zi)姓(xing)氏或記號,表(biao)明了(le)營建(jian)陵園(yuan)過(guo)程(cheng)中曾有(you)漢族工匠參與。
西(xi)碑(bei)亭堆積高(gao)約(yue)(yue)3米(mi)(mi),表面布滿殘(can)磚(zhuan)塊,其間生有(you)雜草,堆積范圍在(zai)1000平方米(mi)(mi)左右。在(zai)發掘(jue)過后,西(xi)碑(bei)亭上方加蓋了簡易保護棚,東(dong)(dong)碑(bei)亭已用砂土封蓋。碑(bei)亭北側有(you)一(yi)處月城(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi),該遺址(zhi)呈東(dong)(dong)西(xi)長方形(xing),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)長約(yue)(yue)130米(mi)(mi),南(nan)(nan)北寬約(yue)(yue)50米(mi)(mi)。月城(cheng)(cheng)筑(zhu)于陵(ling)(ling)城(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)(nan)面,由(you)東(dong)(dong)墻(qiang)(qiang)、南(nan)(nan)墻(qiang)(qiang)、西(xi)墻(qiang)(qiang)圍成,南(nan)(nan)墻(qiang)(qiang)中(zhong)部辟(pi)門(men),月城(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)(dong)墻(qiang)(qiang)、西(xi)墻(qiang)(qiang)北接陵(ling)(ling)城(cheng)(cheng)的南(nan)(nan)墻(qiang)(qiang)。月城(cheng)(cheng)內東(dong)(dong)部、西(xi)部各有(you)兩列南(nan)(nan)北向的石像生基址(zhi)殘(can)跡,兩列基址(zhi)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)間距8.8米(mi)(mi),神道(dao)兩側的基址(zhi)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)間距32米(mi)(mi)。墻(qiang)(qiang)垣夯土版筑(zhu),基寬2.45至(zhi)(zhi)2.55米(mi)(mi),夯層厚0.07至(zhi)(zhi)0.1米(mi)(mi),墻(qiang)(qiang)體殘(can)高(gao)多不(bu)到1米(mi)(mi)。
月城(cheng)北(bei)(bei)側為(wei)內(nei)城(cheng)遺(yi)(yi)址,四(si)(si)面(mian)用神墻環繞,呈南(nan)北(bei)(bei)長(chang)方形(xing)(xing)(xing),南(nan)北(bei)(bei)長(chang)180米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)西寬(kuan)160米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。占(zhan)地約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)40畝(mu)。神墻中部(bu)較(jiao)窄(zhai),靠近轉角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)漸(jian)寬(kuan)大(da)(da),純凈(jing)黃土(tu)分(fen)段(duan)夯筑(zhu)而(er)成,中部(bu)每段(duan)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),殘(can)(can)高(gao)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),比較(jiao)平齊,各(ge)(ge)段(duan)如須彌座形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀。神墻四(si)(si)處轉角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)皆(jie)很高(gao)大(da)(da),類圓柱(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing),從各(ge)(ge)轉角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)往神墻兩(liang)側,連體圓柱(zhu)(zhu)愈來愈矮小,各(ge)(ge)有(you)5個(ge),共40個(ge)。其(qi)殘(can)(can)存(cun)最高(gao)達6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)上(shang)(shang),最低的(de)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),發(fa)現(xian)在(zai)轉角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)處5個(ge)連體圓柱(zhu)(zhu)夯土(tu)臺(tai)(tai)周(zhou)(zhou)圍皆(jie)有(you)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)瓦(wa)(wa)殘(can)(can)存(cun)。內(nei)城(cheng)四(si)(si)面(mian)神墻皆(jie)正中辟門(men)(men),門(men)(men)址寬(kuan)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),地面(mian)散布(bu)瓦(wa)(wa)片、脊(ji)飾殘(can)(can)塊等。根據統(tong)計(ji),內(nei)城(cheng)坍塌(ta)墻體在(zai)2002年時(shi)已(yi)(yi)達189.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)墻體總長(chang)度(du)的(de)27.8%。南(nan)神門(men)(men)內(nei)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)25米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)偏西處有(you)一(yi)(yi)處獻(xian)殿遺(yi)(yi)址。根據考古發(fa)掘情況(kuang)看,可(ke)能原為(wei)一(yi)(yi)正方形(xing)(xing)(xing)臺(tai)(tai)基(ji),臺(tai)(tai)面(mian)周(zhou)(zhou)長(chang)65米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),直徑(jing)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),堆(dui)積厚(hou)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)以(yi)純凈(jing)黃土(tu)墊起(qi),其(qi)上(shang)(shang)及(ji)周(zhou)(zhou)圍殘(can)(can)存(cun)大(da)(da)量青磚(zhuan)(zhuan)灰(hui)瓦(wa)(wa)及(ji)琉璃構件(jian)。獻(xian)殿之(zhi)后約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)為(wei)墓道封土(tu),南(nan)北(bei)(bei)長(chang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)42米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),呈東(dong)南(nan)——西北(bei)(bei)走向(xiang),形(xing)(xing)(xing)似魚脊(ji),以(yi)砂(sha)石填(tian)充。其(qi)末端為(wei)盜(dao)(dao)坑,盜(dao)(dao)坑直徑(jing)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。坑內(nei)長(chang)有(you)若干小樹,兩(liang)側有(you)土(tu)堆(dui)。內(nei)城(cheng)西北(bei)(bei)隅有(you)一(yi)(yi)處陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai),八(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing),高(gao)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),分(fen)7級,每級向(xiang)內(nei)收(shou)分(fen)。陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)收(shou)分(fen)處及(ji)周(zhou)(zhou)圍地面(mian)散布(bu)大(da)(da)量瓦(wa)(wa)片、瓦(wa)(wa)當、滴水等建筑(zhu)材料。夯土(tu)臺(tai)(tai)整體形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀為(wei)塔(ta)形(xing)(xing)(xing),其(qi)上(shang)(shang)露出一(yi)(yi)個(ge)個(ge)椽(chuan)(chuan)洞,有(you)水平方向(xiang)的(de),還有(you)豎斜方向(xiang)的(de),證明原來有(you)椽(chuan)(chuan)出頭。距(ju)離陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)較(jiao)遠的(de)四(si)(si)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)各(ge)(ge)有(you)一(yi)(yi)座角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai),其(qi)中東(dong)南(nan)、西南(nan)的(de)兩(liang)座角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)已(yi)(yi)坍塌(ta),西南(nan)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)尚可(ke)分(fen)辨認出臺(tai)(tai)基(ji),相距(ju)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)520米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。其(qi)連線在(zai)雙闕臺(tai)(tai)之(zhi)前,北(bei)(bei)面(mian)的(de)2座角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)相距(ju)290米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。東(dong)北(bei)(bei)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)殘(can)(can)高(gao)1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)多,坍塌(ta)嚴(yan)重,只有(you)西北(bei)(bei)處的(de)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)保存(cun)比較(jiao)完好,殘(can)(can)高(gao)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),但(dan)嚴(yan)重風(feng)化。北(bei)(bei)邊兩(liang)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)相距(ju)272米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。南(nan)北(bei)(bei)聯(lian)線約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)460米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。夯土(tu)臺(tai)(tai)因剝(bo)蝕(shi)已(yi)(yi)趨圓柱(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing),底(di)面(mian)周(zhou)(zhou)長(chang)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。純凈(jing)黃土(tu)夯筑(zhu),周(zhou)(zhou)圍散落著(zhu)大(da)(da)量紅褐色板(ban)瓦(wa)(wa)、筒瓦(wa)(wa)殘(can)(can)片。
安陵
位于(yu)泰陵(ling)西約2公里的(de)賀蘭山(shan)山(shan)腳下(xia),陵(ling)園(yuan)東(dong)、西、北(bei)三面環山(shan),面積(ji)約10萬平(ping)方米(mi)(mi)(mi),坐北(bei)朝南(nan)。陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)八(ba)面五級,高(gao)15米(mi)(mi)(mi)。陵(ling)園(yuan)布局與泰陵(ling)相同(tong),由闕臺(tai)(tai)、碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)、月城(cheng)(cheng)、獻(xian)殿、陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)、墓道等部(bu)(bu)(bu)分組成。嫌遺存碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座。陵(ling)園(yuan)南(nan)端(duan)有(you)東(dong)西2座闕臺(tai)(tai),相距70米(mi)(mi)(mi),由黃沙土夯筑(zhu)而成,基(ji)(ji)底呈方形,邊(bian)(bian)長(chang)9米(mi)(mi)(mi),殘高(gao)8米(mi)(mi)(mi)有(you)余(yu)。夯土臺(tai)(tai)個別部(bu)(bu)(bu)位發生(sheng)坍塌(ta),闕臺(tai)(tai)上下(xia)都有(you)所收(shou)縮(suo),頂部(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji),周(zhou)(zhou)圍散(san)落著磚、瓦等建筑(zhu)材料。在(zai)西闕臺(tai)(tai)之后(hou)(hou)約45米(mi)(mi)(mi)略(lve)偏西、在(zai)月城(cheng)(cheng)之南(nan)50米(mi)(mi)(mi)略(lve)偏西的(de)位置有(you)該(gai)陵(ling)園(yuan)內(nei)唯一(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)處(chu)(chu)碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)遺址(zhi),堆積(ji)高(gao)約1米(mi)(mi)(mi),迎積(ji)周(zhou)(zhou)邊(bian)(bian)長(chang)68米(mi)(mi)(mi),中部(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)方形臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji),邊(bian)(bian)長(chang)10米(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)平(ping)面夯土中有(you)大青石板、臺(tai)(tai)簽,周(zhou)(zhou)圍散(san)落大量磚瓦、碑(bei)石殘塊。該(gai)闕臺(tai)(tai)東(dong)側(ce)相應位置已(yi)經變成廣(guang)場,無法確(que)認(ren)是否曾(ceng)經存在(zai)碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)。碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)北(bei)側(ce)為(wei)月城(cheng)(cheng),曾(ceng)長(chang)期被當地(di)放(fang)羊(yang)人占用(yong),破(po)壞嚴重。現存墻基(ji)(ji)寬約2米(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)西長(chang)方形,東(dong)西長(chang)90米(mi)(mi)(mi),南(nan)北(bei)寬40米(mi)(mi)(mi),南(nan)墻正中留門,門址(zhi)兩側(ce)各殘存加寬的(de)斷(duan)墻,長(chang)約15米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬約3米(mi)(mi)(mi)、高(gao)約2.5米(mi)(mi)(mi),黃沙土夯筑(zhu)。月城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)石像生(sheng)基(ji)(ji)址(zhi)已(yi)看(kan)不(bu)清楚,在(zai)二十(shi)世(shi)紀九十(shi)年代初(chu),此(ci)處(chu)(chu)地(di)面布滿羊(yang)糞,旁邊(bian)(bian)不(bu)遠處(chu)(chu)圍有(you)羊(yang)圈,神道正上方還蓋(gai)有(you)放(fang)羊(yang)人居住的(de)房子,后(hou)(hou)已(yi)由當地(di)政府出面,借旅游開發之機全(quan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)整頓(dun)拆除。
獻陵
考古(gu)調查(cha)稱5號陵(ling)。五號陵(ling)位于六(liu)號陵(ling)東約500米,整(zheng)(zheng)體朝向(xiang)為南偏東15度。整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)陵(ling)園布局(ju)和(he)建筑構成(cheng)(cheng)與六(liu)號陵(ling)相似,由闕臺、碑亭、月城(cheng)、內(nei)城(cheng)、獻殿(dian)、陵(ling)臺、角臺、開口式外神墻(qiang)等部分組成(cheng)(cheng)。
陵園最南(nan)(nan)端有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)2座(zuo)(zuo)闕(que)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai),東(dong)西(xi)相對,間距(ju)(ju)65米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),黃(huang)砂土夯(hang)筑而成(cheng)(cheng)。基底呈方(fang)(fang)形(xing),邊(bian)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),殘高(gao)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)多(duo),夯(hang)土層(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)央有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)數層(ceng)(ceng)石(shi)塊(kuai)、椽洞共(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)3層(ceng)(ceng),間距(ju)(ju)1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),孔徑10-15厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不等(deng)(deng),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)洞孔由二(er)根椽洞組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)。以1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)度為分界(jie),夯(hang)土臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)上(shang)、下皆(jie)向內(nei)(nei)收縮,周圍(wei)(wei)(wei)皆(jie)散(san)布(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)磚塊(kuai)、板(ban)(ban)(ban)瓦(wa)、筒(tong)(tong)瓦(wa)、灰槽(cao)瓦(wa)、琉璃(li)(li)構(gou)件等(deng)(deng)建筑材料。雙闕(que)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)北側(ce)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)3座(zuo)(zuo)碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting),其(qi)中(zhong)西(xi)邊(bian)1座(zuo)(zuo),東(dong)邊(bian)2座(zuo)(zuo)南(nan)(nan)小北大(da)(da)。兩(liang)座(zuo)(zuo)較大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)各(ge)距(ju)(ju)闕(que)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),二(er)者相距(ju)(ju)55米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),已(yi)經(jing)(jing)全部(bu)清(qing)理完(wan)畢。碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基呈方(fang)(fang)形(xing),邊(bian)沿(yan)豎宜,臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基邊(bian)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)14.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)1.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),黃(huang)土夯(hang)筑,其(qi)中(zhong)夾有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)石(shi)塊(kuai),夯(hang)層(ceng)(ceng)7至10厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不等(deng)(deng)。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基皆(jie)在內(nei)(nei)側(ce)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一踏步,斜長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)2.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),分作9級(ji)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)階,臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基之上(shang)以方(fang)(fang)磚砌(qi)出方(fang)(fang)形(xing),邊(bian)線已(yi)不清(qing),共(gong)殘存邊(bian)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)為36厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)磚5塊(kuai)。西(xi)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)中(zhong)心有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)約2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)見方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍(wei)(wei)(wei)內(nei)(nei)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)磚,可能原(yuan)放(fang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)石(shi)像(xiang)座(zuo)(zuo)。從旁邊(bian)清(qing)理后的(de)(de)(de)(de)堆(dui)積物(wu)中(zhong)發(fa)現(xian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you):陶質(zhi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)瓦(wa)、筒(tong)(tong)瓦(wa)、獸面瓦(wa)當(dang)、花(hua)卉滴(di)水,琉璃(li)(li)筒(tong)(tong)瓦(wa)、脊飾及灰槽(cao)瓦(wa)、碎(sui)殘塊(kuai)、人(ren)像(xiang)石(shi)座(zuo)(zuo)殘塊(kuai)等(deng)(deng)。東(dong)碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)之前約10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)1個小碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting),未經(jing)(jing)清(qing)理,方(fang)(fang)形(xing),臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基邊(bian)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),周圍(wei)(wei)(wei)堆(dui)積物(wu)基本上(shang)類似(si)已(yi)經(jing)(jing)清(qing)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)座(zuo)(zuo)碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)。在碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)以北約28米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一月(yue)(yue)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)遺址(zhi)(zhi),整體形(xing)狀(zhuang)為東(dong)西(xi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)(fang)形(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)130米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。墻(qiang)(qiang)基寬(kuan)約2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),月(yue)(yue)城正中(zhong)開門,門址(zhi)(zhi)兩(liang)側(ce)各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)1個方(fang)(fang)形(xing)土臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai),已(yi)坍塌,范圍(wei)(wei)(wei)不清(qing),可能是門闕(que),在夯(hang)層(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)夾雜著大(da)(da)量(liang)石(shi)塊(kuai)。沿(yan)月(yue)(yue)城墻(qiang)(qiang)基散(san)見板(ban)(ban)(ban)瓦(wa)、簡瓦(wa)、磚、灰槽(cao)瓦(wa)、滴(di)水等(deng)(deng)殘塊(kuai),在月(yue)(yue)城東(dong)南(nan)(nan)部(bu)墻(qiang)(qiang)基內(nei)(nei)側(ce)發(fa)現(xian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)成(cheng)(cheng)片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)紅色堆(dui)積層(ceng)(ceng),可能是原(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)面涂抹(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)紅色墻(qiang)(qiang)皮。靠(kao)南(nan)(nan)墻(qiang)(qiang)內(nei)(nei)側(ce)約有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)一段,沿(yan)墻(qiang)(qiang)基底有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)豎直嵌(qian)入的(de)(de)(de)(de)板(ban)(ban)(ban)瓦(wa),可能是原(yuan)來作排水用的(de)(de)(de)(de)。月(yue)(yue)城神(shen)道(dao)兩(liang)側(ce)各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)3列石(shi)像(xiang)生(sheng)基址(zhi)(zhi),殘存大(da)(da)量(liang)紅砂巖石(shi)像(xiang)生(sheng)殘塊(kuai),大(da)(da)多(duo)風化成(cheng)(cheng)為小碎(sui)塊(kuai),基寬(kuan)約4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),間距(ju)(ju)16米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。
月城
北(bei)(bei)側為(wei)(wei)(wei)內城,四面(mian)環繞的(de)補墻(qiang)(qiang)多(duo)已坍塌,從遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上看近似方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing),南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)190米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)寬(kuan)180米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),神墻(qiang)(qiang)正中各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)神門(men),南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)神門(men)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高出(chu)(chu)地(di)面(mian)半米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)多(duo),寬(kuan)12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),門(men)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兩(liang)(liang)側神墻(qiang)(qiang)比其他地(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)更寬(kuan),周(zhou)圍(wei)散(san)落著(zhu)大量建(jian)筑(zhu)材(cai)料(liao),其它各(ge)門(men)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)周(zhou)圍(wei)亦散(san)見磚(zhuan)(zhuan)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)等(deng)(deng)建(jian)筑(zhu)用材(cai)。各(ge)轉角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)處(chu)略顯(xian)高大,可能原來(lai)建(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)樓。南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)神門(men)內中軸線40米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)偏西(xi)(xi)(xi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一處(chu)獻殿遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),已清理(li),臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)20.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)15.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高70厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)邊緣(yuan)向上略有(you)(you)(you)(you)收分,上部(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)黃(huang)沙(sha)(sha)土夯筑(zhu),下部(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)黃(huang)沙(sha)(sha)土層與砂石(shi)(shi)層相(xiang)間夯筑(zhu),南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)踏(ta)道(dao),斜(xie)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)踏(ta)道(dao)兩(liang)(liang)側,各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一列基(ji)(ji)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi).地(di)面(mian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)像生殘(can)塊,基(ji)(ji)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)向,南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)寬(kuan)2.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),兩(liang)(liang)縱側砌有(you)(you)(you)(you)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)。獻殿清理(li)出(chu)(chu)的(de)堆(dui)積(ji)物(wu)主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)(you):長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)、方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)和板(ban)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、筒瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、灰槽瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)及瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)當(dang)、滴水等(deng)(deng)遺物(wu)殘(can)塊,以筒瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)最多(duo)。距(ju)獻殿約(yue)(yue)(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)墓道(dao)封土,呈東(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)-西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)走(zou)向,但方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)向擺動不(bu)大。寬(kuan)6至10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)端高大,整個墓道(dao)封土高度介于(yu)0.5至2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)之間,形(xing)(xing)似魚脊,主(zhu)要(yao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)砂石(shi)(shi)土。北(bei)(bei)端靠近陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一半圓形(xing)(xing)盜坑,直徑約(yue)(yue)(yue)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)約(yue)(yue)(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),破(po)壞(huai)了陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)底邊。內城西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)處(chu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)(tai),四面(mian)坍塌嚴重,殘(can)高約(yue)(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),黃(huang)土夯筑(zhu),各(ge)層夯土之間夾有(you)(you)(you)(you)幾層石(shi)(shi)塊,椽洞分布(bu)不(bu)勻,夯層的(de)厚度在8至13厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不(bu)等(deng)(deng)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)側清理(li)的(de)堆(dui)積(ji)中有(you)(you)(you)(you)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)等(deng)(deng)建(jian)筑(zhu)用材(cai)。從盜坑斷面(mian)來(lai)看,陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)似乎是平(ping)地(di)起建(jian)的(de),沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)打地(di)基(ji)(ji)陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)底部(bu)(bu)的(de)外表覆蓋有(you)(you)(you)(you)紅泥(ni)皮。位于(yu)內城墻(qiang)(qiang)外約(yue)(yue)(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)外神墻(qiang)(qiang)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),墻(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)(ji)寬(kuan)1.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),沿墻(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)(ji)準礫石(shi)(shi),最終連通至內城南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)墻(qiang)(qiang)。外神墻(qiang)(qiang)到達東(dong)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)、北(bei)(bei)三神門(men)處(chu),皆向外凸出(chu)(chu)一個長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)空間,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)17米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you),寬(kuan)12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you),空地(di)內地(di)面(mian)平(ping)整,沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)其它遺跡現象。外神墻(qiang)(qiang)外有(you)(you)(you)(you)4座角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),已經全部(bu)(bu)坍塌,北(bei)(bei)面(mian)兩(liang)(liang)座角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)距(ju)340米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)面(mian)兩(liang)(liang)座角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)相(xiang)距(ju)365米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。東(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)還殘(can)存(cun)大約(yue)(yue)(yue)4.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)部(bu)(bu)分,方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)夯土臺(tai)(tai)(tai)邊長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)4.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),夯土中央(yang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)塊,周(zhou)圍(wei)散(san)落部(bu)(bu)分建(jian)筑(zhu)材(cai)料(liao),其余三座角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)殘(can)存(cun)均不(bu)超過(guo)1.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。
顯陵
考古調查稱(cheng)6號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)。六(liu)號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)是西夏王陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)當中(zhong)截(jie)至2014年唯一一個打(da)開地宮進行發(fa)掘的(de)(de)遺址,在發(fa)掘的(de)(de)時候該(gai)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)址的(de)(de)編號(hao)為(wei)八號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)。六(liu)號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)位于陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區中(zhong)部偏西,依(yi)賀蘭山而建,整(zheng)體朝(chao)向(xiang)為(wei)南偏東(dong)15度,整(zheng)個陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)園由(you)闕臺(tai)、碑亭、月城、內(nei)城、獻殿、墓道、陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)臺(tai)、角(jiao)臺(tai)等部分組成。
陵(ling)園南(nan)端有2座(zuo)闕臺(tai)(tai)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址,東(dong)西(xi)相對,間距為65米(mi),由夯土筑(zhu)成,基(ji)部呈方(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing),邊(bian)長(chang)(chang)9米(mi),高7.1米(mi),頂部有臺(tai)(tai)基(ji),以土坯砌(qi)成,殘高1.3米(mi),臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)上(shang)及四周散落著大量(liang)磚瓦等建筑(zhu)材(cai)料。闕臺(tai)(tai)北側(ce)(ce)有2座(zuo)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址,這2處(chu)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址東(dong)西(xi)相對,東(dong)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)近(jin)(jin)方(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)22米(mi),寬21米(mi),臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)四周以條磚砌(qi)成5級逐漸(jian)收(shou)縮的臺(tai)(tai)階,高2.4米(mi),臺(tai)(tai)面(mian)(mian)長(chang)(chang)19米(mi),寬18米(mi),臺(tai)(tai)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)有1個圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)址,地面(mian)(mian)鋪方(fang)磚,西(xi)側(ce)(ce)有斜坡踏步。在(zai)東(dong)側(ce)(ce)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)周圍發(fa)現大量(liang)西(xi)夏文(wen)(wen)、漢(han)文(wen)(wen)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)殘塊(kuai)及磚塊(kuai),但卻(que)沒有瓦片。西(xi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)也近(jin)(jin)似方(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)16米(mi),寬15米(mi),臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)四面(mian)(mian)外(wai)壁用碎石縱向(xiang)砌(qi)成,臺(tai)(tai)面(mian)(mian)鋪方(fang)磚,以自然扁平(ping)石塊(kuai)為柱礎。堆積中有大量(liang)磚、瓦、鴟吻(wen)等建筑(zhu)材(cai)料,東(dong)西(xi)兩(liang)側(ce)(ce)正中均有斜坡踏道,堆積巾發(fa)現有大量(liang)西(xi)夏文(wen)(wen)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)殘塊(kuai)。碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)北側(ce)(ce)為月(yue)城遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址,東(dong)西(xi)長(chang)(chang)100米(mi),南(nan)北寬45米(mi),正小有門(men),月(yue)城內神道兩(liang)側(ce)(ce)各(ge)有兩(liang)列石像(xiang)生基(ji)址。
月城(cheng)北(bei)側(ce)為內(nei)(nei)城(cheng),呈(cheng)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)長方形(xing)(xing)(xing),南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)長183米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)西(xi)寬(kuan)134米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),神(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)(ji)寬(kuan)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),分(fen)(fen)段(duan)夯筑,殘高(gao)(gao)(gao)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),南(nan)(nan)(nan)神(shen)門(men)(men)正中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)門(men)(men)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),寬(kuan)17米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、門(men)(men)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)內(nei)(nei)外均有(you)(you)3條(tiao)斜坡式(shi)踏道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),每(mei)條(tiao)寬(kuan)約(yue)(yue)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),用(yong)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)鑲(xiang)砌,門(men)(men)址(zhi)內(nei)(nei)外散落(luo)著大(da)量磚(zhuan)(zhuan)瓦、鴟吻等建(jian)筑用(yong)材。另外三面(mian)(mian)神(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)正中(zhong)(zhong)也有(you)(you)門(men)(men)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),但門(men)(men)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)內(nei)(nei)側(ce)用(yong)土坯(pi)砌成高(gao)(gao)(gao)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)一堵墻(qiang)(qiang),看(kan)起來(lai)無法通行。位于南(nan)(nan)(nan)神(shen)門(men)(men)內(nei)(nei)偏西(xi)位置有(you)(you)一處(chu)獻殿遺址(zhi),臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)為東(dong)西(xi)長方形(xing)(xing)(xing),高(gao)(gao)(gao)約(yue)(yue)90厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),地(di)面(mian)(mian)以方形(xing)(xing)(xing)花紋磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌之(zhi),殘缺不全,底(di)(di)端(duan)可(ke)見柱礎(chu)。內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)西(xi)北(bei)處(chu)有(you)(you)一座陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)(tai),用(yong)黃沙土夯筑,八角形(xing)(xing)(xing),底(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)邊長12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)(gao)(gao)約(yue)(yue)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),分(fen)(fen)成7級,從下(xia)至上逐級收(shou)縮(suo),原建(jian)筑底(di)(di)部(bu)(bu)外有(you)(you)包磚(zhuan)(zhuan),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)幾層涂有(you)(you)紅泥(ni)(ni)。陡臺(tai)(tai)(tai)每(mei)層出槽,形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)看(kan)起來(lai)像(xiang)是浮圖(tu)。陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)在墓室(shi)后部(bu)(bu)約(yue)(yue)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)。該陵(ling)園(yuan)的(de)(de)墓道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)呈(cheng)30度斜坡,水平(ping)長度49米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),墓道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)東(dong)西(xi)兩(liang)壁(bi)各有(you)(you)上下(xia)二列(lie)與墓道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)相平(ping)行的(de)(de)椽洞,相距(ju)2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),甬道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)表面(mian)(mian)做有(you)(you)草拌泥(ni)(ni),但不甚光整,但多(duo)(duo)已(yi)剝蝕,并(bing)沒(mei)有(you)(you)繪制壁(bi)畫。甬道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)門(men)(men)前發現有(you)(you)散亂的(de)(de)圓木和(he)朽木板,可(ke)能是用(yong)于封閉甬道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)口(kou)(kou)的(de)(de)。南(nan)(nan)(nan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)兩(liang)壁(bi)繪有(you)(you)武士(shi)修番一幅(fu),但大(da)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)已(yi)遭破(po)壞。武士(shi)像(xiang)臉面(mian)(mian)朝甬道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)口(kou)(kou),南(nan)(nan)(nan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)門(men)(men)以北(bei)直到(dao)墓室(shi)全部(bu)(bu)被盜坑破(po)壞。墓室(shi)地(di)面(mian)(mian)距(ju)地(di)表將近25米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),墓室(shi)分(fen)(fen)主室(shi)和(he)左(zuo)右(you)配室(shi),中(zhong)(zhong)室(shi)前寬(kuan)6.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),后寬(kuan)7.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)長5.6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),墓壁(bi)和(he)頂部(bu)(bu)已(yi)經(jing)被破(po)壞,左(zuo)右(you)配室(shi)寬(kuan)約(yue)(yue)2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),長約(yue)(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),過道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)為窿夸頂,墓室(shi)下(xia)壁(bi)有(you)(you)護地(di)板痕跡,空間較小。中(zhong)(zhong)室(shi)充滿淤泥(ni)(ni)及(ji)回填(tian)盜坑時的(de)(de)大(da)石塊(kuai)和(he)陵(ling)園(yuan)地(di)面(mian)(mian)建(jian)筑石雕,室(shi)內(nei)(nei)沒(mei)有(you)(you)發現葬具。該陵(ling)園(yuan)的(de)(de)外神(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)距(ju)離內(nei)(nei)神(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)約(yue)(yue)15米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)約(yue)(yue)2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),其(qi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)端(duan)通到(dao)碑亭,以石塊(kuai)壘成。此外陵(ling)園(yuan)有(you)(you)4座角臺(tai)(tai)(tai),總共(gong)4座,是兆域的(de)(de)標界,基(ji)(ji)部(bu)(bu)呈(cheng)方形(xing)(xing)(xing),邊長6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)(gao)(gao)7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),周圍散落(luo)著建(jian)筑材料(liao)。
壽陵
考古調查稱7號陵(ling)。七號陵(ling)在陵(ling)區北部(bu),距離五號陵(ling)約(yue)(yue)1.5公里(li),在柏油(you)馬路以(yi)南(nan)約(yue)(yue)200米。陵(ling)園大部(bu)分為(wei)現代住(zhu)房和場院侵(qin)占,破(po)壞嚴重,陵(ling)園建(jian)筑僅(jin)剩下雙(shuang)闕臺、雙(shuang)碑亭、月城(cheng)、內城(cheng)的南(nan)神墻和西神墻、陵(ling)臺及西南(nan)角臺、外(wai)神墻的一部(bu)分。
位(wei)于陵園南端有2座(zuo)闕臺(tai)遺址,東西(xi)(xi)相對,距離70米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)形、雙闕周(zhou)圍(wei)皆(jie)已坍塌,邊(bian)長(chang)難以測量(liang),高約(yue)(yue)7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),平(ping)頂處(chu)攀上(shang)頂部(bu),煙臺(tai)周(zhou)圍(wei)散見磚瓦建(jian)筑(zhu)材料。位(wei)于雙闕臺(tai)以北(bei)(bei)(bei)約(yue)(yue)50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),月(yue)(yue)(yue)城以南50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的位(wei)置(zhi)有2處(chu)碑(bei)亭(ting)遺址,皆(jie)已經(jing)(jing)過清理,高2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)基(ji)呈正(zheng)方(fang)形,邊(bian)長(chang)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),周(zhou)圍(wei)殘(can)存大量(liang)磚、瓦、石碑(bei)殘(can)塊,在清理后發(fa)現西(xi)(xi)夏文殘(can)塊1265塊,漢文碑(bei)殘(can)塊51塊。月(yue)(yue)(yue)城位(wei)于碑(bei)亭(ting)北(bei)(bei)(bei)側(ce),呈東西(xi)(xi)長(chang)方(fang)形,東西(xi)(xi)長(chang)125米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),南北(bei)(bei)(bei)寬(kuan)45米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),月(yue)(yue)(yue)城內全部(bu)被破壞,依稀可(ke)辯(bian)神(shen)道兩側(ce)各有2列石像生基(ji)址,相距20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。內城位(wei)于月(yue)(yue)(yue)城北(bei)(bei)(bei)側(ce),近似方(fang)形,東西(xi)(xi)長(chang)190米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),南北(bei)(bei)(bei)寬(kuan)180米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),內城除南神(shen)墻(qiang)、西(xi)(xi)神(shen)墻(qiang)殘(can)存一(yi)部(bu)分外(wai),其余基(ji)本(ben)都被破壞,墻(qiang)寬(kuan)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),黃土夯筑(zhu)而(er)成(cheng),夯層(ceng)厚度為(wei)(wei)10-12厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不(bu)等。獻殿和墓道封(feng)土皆(jie)己不(bu)存在,地(di)面已經(jing)(jing)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)片場(chang)地(di)。位(wei)于內城偏西(xi)(xi)處(chu)有一(yi)座(zuo)陵臺(tai),八(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)形,分作7級(ji),從(cong)下(xia)至上(shang)逐級(ji)收(shou)縮,出檐結(jie)構明顯。陵臺(tai)周(zhou)圍(wei)在二(er)十(shi)世(shi)紀九十(shi)年代時(shi)被改建(jian)為(wei)(wei)場(chang)地(di)和庫房。從(cong)陵園西(xi)(xi)南部(bu)殘(can)存有部(bu)分外(wai)神(shen)墻(qiang),從(cong)其走向(xiang)看大致為(wei)(wei)封(feng)閉式。殘(can)存的外(wai)神(shen)墻(qiang)寬(kuan)約(yue)(yue)1.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),黃土夯筑(zhu),但因(yin)破壞嚴重,總寬(kuan)度和長(chang)度皆(jie)不(bu)已經(jing)(jing)無法看出,內外(wai)神(shen)墻(qiang)相距22米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。在陵園的西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)角(jiao)(jiao),緊挨外(wai)神(shen)墻(qiang)邊(bian)側(ce)有一(yi)處(chu)已經(jing)(jing)坍塌的角(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai),該角(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)的位(wei)置(zhi)在月(yue)(yue)(yue)城中(zhong)部(bu)連線(xian)的延長(chang)線(xian)上(shang),由黃土夯筑(zhu)而(er)成(cheng)。
在清理東、西碑亭時,共發現(xian)西夏文(wen)碑殘塊(kuai)1265塊(kuai)。其中部分(fen)殘塊(kuai)經過整理,其上的(de)西夏文(wen)可(ke)譯為(wei):“大白高國(guo)護城圣德至繳皇(huang)帝壽(shou)陵志銘”,史(shi)籍記載壽(shou)陵為(wei)西夏第五代皇(huang)帝仁(ren)宗仁(ren)孝之(zhi)陵號(hao),可(ke)以確定該(gai)陵為(wei)壽(shou)陵。
莊陵
考(kao)古調(diao)查稱8號陵(ling)(ling),墓主(zhu)李純祐(1177年(nian)~1206年(nian))為仁宗仁孝長子。八(ba)號陵(ling)(ling)位于(yu)陵(ling)(ling)區北(bei)部(bu),僅存(cun)1座陵(ling)(ling)臺。在(zai)九號陵(ling)(ling)場(chang)塌裂的(de)陵(ling)(ling)臺之西約300米,在(zai)七號陵(ling)(ling)臺西北(bei)約300米,陵(ling)(ling)園其它(ta)建(jian)筑已(yi)經全部(bu)被(bei)破壞,二十世紀九十年(nian)代初(chu),陵(ling)(ling)園被(bei)現代住(zhu)房、道路、廣場(chang)侵占(zhan),當時陵(ling)(ling)臺就在(zai)一排(pai)住(zhu)房之后的(de)一片樹林中、陵(ling)(ling)臺頂(ding)部(bu)修有水(shui)塔,水(shui)塔后被(bei)拆除(chu)。
康陵
考古調查稱9號(hao)(hao)陵(ling)。九號(hao)(hao)陵(ling)在(zai)陵(ling)邑宗廟遺址以西約(yue)(yue)500米,七號(hao)(hao)陵(ling)以北約(yue)(yue)300米,陵(ling)園遭(zao)到現代建(jian)筑的徹底(di)毀(hui)壞(huai),地面(mian)建(jian)筑僅(jin)剩一(yi)座毀(hui)壞(huai)的陵(ling)臺,夯土僅(jin)剩三分(fen)之一(yi)。
康(kang)陵(ling)墓主(zhu)李安(an)全,為(wei)仁(ren)宗(zong)仁(ren)孝弟越王(wang)仁(ren)友之子,崇(chong)宗(zong)乾順之孫。西夏(xia)(xia)桓宗(zong)天(tian)慶十(shi)二年(nian)(1205年(nian)),與桓宗(zong)母羅氏合謀廢(fei)桓宗(zong)自(zi)立,改元(yuan)應天(tian)。六月,羅氏為(wei)子請封(feng)冊于金(jin)(jin)(jin),金(jin)(jin)(jin)冊封(feng)為(wei)夏(xia)(xia)國王(wang)。蒙(meng)古(gu)(gu)多次用兵(bing)西夏(xia)(xia),并(bing)破克(ke)夷門(men),進(jin)圍中(zhong)興府。李安(an)全親(qin)自(zi)登城(cheng)激勵將士守御。蒙(meng)古(gu)(gu)兵(bing)引(yin)黃(huang)河(he)水灌(guan)城(cheng),城(cheng)中(zhong)居(ju)民(min)淹死(si)極多。李安(an)全遣使乞援于金(jin)(jin)(jin),金(jin)(jin)(jin)拒(ju)絕出兵(bing)。李安(an)全只得向蒙(meng)古(gu)(gu)納(na)女(nv)請和,夏(xia)(xia)金(jin)(jin)(jin)關系趨于破裂。西夏(xia)(xia)光定元(yuan)年(nian)(1211年(nian))夏(xia)(xia)齊王(wang)遵(zun)環廢(fei)安(an)全自(zi)立。同年(nian)8月安(an)全死(si),年(nian)42歲,謚靜穆皇帝,廟號襄(xiang)宗(zong),墓號康(kang)陵(ling)。
交通
1.市區(qu)(qu)可(ke)以先(xian)乘2路(lu)(lu)、4路(lu)(lu)、18路(lu)(lu)公交車到新市區(qu)(qu),然后包車前去。包車價格為(wei)面的(de)30元(yuan)。銀(yin)川(chuan)旅游汽車站(北門汽車站)每天有車發往西夏(xia)(xia)王陵(冬季(ji)、夏(xia)(xia)季(ji)無(wu)班車),發車時(shi)間為(wei)8:30、9:30,返回時(shi)間為(wei)13:30、15:30,票價9元(yuan)/人,行程約70分(fen)鐘。
2.銀川市(shi)區南(nan)門(men)汽車站、北門(men)旅游(you)汽車站及南(nan)關清真寺均有(you)發往西夏(xia)王陵的(de)旅游(you)班車,票價8元左右(you),但間(jian)隔較長,視(shi)客(ke)流而定,在(zai)1至2小時之間(jian)。
3.自(zi)駕車較(jiao)為(wei)方便,由市區內北京路向西(xi)到(dao)頭,丁字路口向南拐上110國道,直行10公里(li)路西(xi)即到(dao),景區設(she)有(you)面積很大的停車場。