望叢(cong)(cong)祠坐西向東,建筑風格不同于一般祠廟(miao),原祠是(shi)按(an)浙江省紹興市會稽(ji)山(shan)禹陵(ling)規劃(hua)而建,因為(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)一祠祭(ji)二主,所以祠門(men)(men)不是(shi)單開單向,而是(shi)對(dui)稱地開為(wei)(wei)(wei)南北二門(men)(men)。大門(men)(men)后是(shi)照壁(bi),照壁(bi)南北兩(liang)側各開相對(dui)的(de)院門(men)(men),通往兩(liang)個(ge)園(yuan)區。南為(wei)(wei)(wei)子規園(yuan),北為(wei)(wei)(wei)漣漪園(yuan)。臨(lin)水(shui)就勢建有“稻蓀樓”,“聽鵑樓”等(deng)樓臺亭閣(ge)。照壁(bi)后兩(liang)闕(que)(que)門(men)(men)通過里間。闕(que)(que)門(men)(men)后是(shi)望帝(di)(di)叢(cong)(cong)帝(di)(di)紀念(nian)館(guan),正(zheng)中是(shi)望帝(di)(di)叢(cong)(cong)帝(di)(di)的(de)青(qing)銅(tong)塑(su)像。紀念(nian)館(guan)背后的(de)柏林之中,是(shi)高達15米的(de)望帝(di)(di)陵(ling)。望帝(di)(di)陵(ling)西面(mian),是(shi)郫縣博(bo)物(wu)館(guan)。望帝(di)(di)叢(cong)(cong)帝(di)(di)紀念(nian)館(guan)南面(mian)是(shi)聽鵑樓,也是(shi)望叢(cong)(cong)大華玉器博(bo)物(wu)館(guan),再南為(wei)(wei)(wei)叢(cong)(cong)帝(di)(di)陵(ling)。望叢(cong)(cong)祠內,南北貫通著大片水(shui)域,這(zhe)就是(shi)鱉靈湖(hu)。
祠內以望(wang)帝(di)和(he)叢帝(di)合(he)葬墓(mu)地、祠宇為核心,建有祠門、照壁、亭臺樓(lou)閣、池榭拱橋(qiao),以及子云亭、楊雄(xiong)墓(mu)和(he)杜鵑城遺跡等景點。大殿中不僅塑有二人的雕像,還有望(wang)叢祠歷史和(he)二帝(di)的展(zhan)覽。
可在成都(dou)茶店子車(che)站(zhan)、金沙汽車(che)站(zhan)和成都(dou)東(dong)站(zhan)汽車(che)客運站(zhan)坐長途(tu)車(che)到(dao)郫縣客運站(zhan);或(huo)(huo)在成都(dou)市(shi)區坐地鐵2號線(犀浦(pu)方向),在犀浦(pu)站(zhan)下(xia)車(che)換(huan)成720路。縣城內坐715路、718路、720路到(dao)二環(huan)路望叢(cong)祠下(xia)車(che),或(huo)(huo)360路到(dao)望叢(cong)祠下(xia)車(che)。
成(cheng)都市區走成(cheng)都繞(rao)城高速→成(cheng)灌高速,從石家橋/郫縣(xian)西出口離開,經沿(yan)郫花路(lu)→望叢中(zhong)路(lu),即到(dao)。
二千(qian)七百年(nian)(nian)前的西周末年(nian)(nian),望帝(di)(di)(di)杜(du)(du)(du)宇(yu)(yu)在(zai)郫(pi)(pi)縣(xian)建立(li)了蜀國(guo)第一個有文字記載的首都(dou)杜(du)(du)(du)鵑(juan)城(cheng)。相(xiang)傳望帝(di)(di)(di)杜(du)(du)(du)宇(yu)(yu)教民(min)農耕(geng),又(you)教巴族人(ren)務農,因此古時(shi)候四(si)川(chuan)人(ren)把(ba)(ba)(ba)杜(du)(du)(du)宇(yu)(yu)視為(wei)農神(shen),春(chun)耕(geng)要先祭(ji)(ji)杜(du)(du)(du)宇(yu)(yu)。杜(du)(du)(du)宇(yu)(yu)晚年(nian)(nian),成都(dou)平原(yuan)洪水(shui)(shui)為(wei)患。杜(du)(du)(du)宇(yu)(yu)丞(cheng)相(xiang)鱉(bie)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)“決玉(yu)(yu)壘(lei)山以除水(shui)(shui)害”(玉(yu)(yu)壘(lei)山即都(dou)江(jiang)堰寶(bao)瓶口那(nei)座(zuo)山)。杜(du)(du)(du)宇(yu)(yu)把(ba)(ba)(ba)帝(di)(di)(di)位(wei)禪讓給(gei)鱉(bie)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling),退隱(yin)西山,時(shi)在(zai)春(chun)天,蜀人(ren)思念(nian)他,便把(ba)(ba)(ba)子規鳥叫(jiao)做杜(du)(du)(du)鵑(juan)鳥,把(ba)(ba)(ba)山上(shang)春(chun)天開(kai)的第一種紅花(hua)稱為(wei)杜(du)(du)(du)鵑(juan)花(hua),說那(nei)是(shi)杜(du)(du)(du)宇(yu)(yu)在(zai)催促(cu)人(ren)們(men)春(chun)耕(geng)了。望帝(di)(di)(di)祠(ci)原(yuan)在(zai)都(dou)江(jiang)堰的二王(wang)廟(miao),南(nan)(nan)北(bei)朝才在(zai)郫(pi)(pi)縣(xian)建望叢祠(ci),北(bei)宋(song)趙(zhao)匡胤(yin)封(feng)(feng)李(li)冰(bing)為(wei)王(wang),在(zai)望帝(di)(di)(di)祠(ci)遺址建崇德(de)祠(ci)祭(ji)(ji)祀李(li)冰(bing)。到元朝對李(li)冰(bing)父子都(dou)加封(feng)(feng)時(shi),這二王(wang)廟(miao)才開(kai)始沿襲(xi)下去。望叢二帝(di)(di)(di)揚(yang)雄《蜀帝(di)(di)(di)本紀(ji)》載:杜(du)(du)(du)于(yu)“代魚(yu)鳧(fu)為(wei)王(wang),徒都(dou)于(yu)郫(pi)(pi),即杜(du)(du)(du)鵑(juan)城(cheng)也(ye)。”約公元前6世紀(ji),杜(du)(du)(du)宇(yu)(yu)作(zuo)蜀王(wang),稱望帝(di)(di)(di)。當時(shi)岷江(jiang)洪水(shui)(shui)大發,淹沒川(chuan)西平原(yuan),望帝(di)(di)(di)命丞(cheng)相(xiang)鱉(bie)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)治(zhi)水(shui)(shui),鱉(bie)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)劈開(kai)玉(yu)(yu)壘(lei)山,鑿出寶(bao)瓶口,疏通岷江(jiang)之水(shui)(shui),變水(shui)(shui)患為(wei)水(shui)(shui)利(li),化西海為(wei)田疇(chou),使川(chuan)西平原(yuan)從魚(yu)鳧(fu)時(shi)代直入到農桑時(shi)代,并(bing)且奠定了都(dou)江(jiang)堰工程的基(ji)礎(chu)。后望帝(di)(di)(di)退隱(yin)西山,禪讓帝(di)(di)(di)位(wei)于(yu)鱉(bie)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling),稱叢帝(di)(di)(di),叢帝(di)(di)(di)死后葬于(yu)今郫(pi)(pi)縣(xian)城(cheng)南(nan)(nan),后又(you)建叢帝(di)(di)(di)祠(ci),南(nan)(nan)朝齊(qi)明帝(di)(di)(di)時(shi)又(you)把(ba)(ba)(ba)望帝(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)從灌縣(xian)遷至郫(pi)(pi)縣(xian)叢帝(di)(di)(di)祠(ci),二陵(ling)一處(chu),合稱望叢祠(ci)。
望叢祠還富含豐富的民俗文化內涵,每年清明前后這里都要舉行賽歌會。賽歌會規(gui)模宏(hong)大,人數(shu)眾多(duo)并且都是(shi)普通平民。而且這種傳統(tong)是(shi)起源于古代中國“杜鵑啼血”的故(gu)事。賽歌(ge)會規模宏大,人(ren)數(shu)眾多(duo),參賽者都是普通平(ping)民,帶著濃烈(lie)的(de)鄉土氣息(xi),場面熱烈(lie)。賽歌(ge)會上人(ren)們專往姑(gu)娘媳婦身上丟李子(zi)(zi),據說誰挨得多(duo)誰就生得多(duo)。有的(de)婆婆這一天就拉了媳婦到望(wang)叢祠揀李子(zi)(zi)。