簡介
建(jian)(jian)(jian)水文廟位(wei)于云南(nan)省紅河哈尼族彝(yi)族自治(zhi)州西北部的(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)水縣城內,是(shi)(shi)一(yi)座(zuo)全國屈指(zhi)可數的(de)大(da)(da)型文廟,始建(jian)(jian)(jian)于公元(yuan)(yuan)二十二年(1285年),是(shi)(shi)云南(nan)省繼中慶(昆明(ming))、大(da)(da)理之(zhi)后,最早創建(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)第三座(zuo)廟宇。后經明(ming)、清兩代擴建(jian)(jian)(jian),占地達114畝(mu),總(zong)體布局采用中軸對稱宮殿(dian)式,仿照曲阜孔廟的(de)格局建(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao),有(you)1殿(dian)、2廡、2堂、2閣、5祠(ci)、8坊,是(shi)(shi)一(yi)組規模宏大(da)(da)的(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑群。步入大(da)(da)門為肅穆的(de)"太和元(yuan)(yuan)氣(qi)"坊,迎面(mian)為20余畝(mu)的(de)"學海"(泮池(chi)),塘內碧(bi)波蕩漾(yang),四周柳絲輕拂,池(chi)中建(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)思樂亭,左、右有(you)"禮門"和"義路"。步人欞星門.有(you)大(da)(da)成(cheng)門、東(dong)西廡、大(da)(da)成(cheng)殿(dian)、祟圣詞、明(ming)倫(lun)堂、尊(zun)經閣等建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑。
大成殿建于明弘治(zhi)年間,28棵柱支撐全殿。前檐12棵為(wei)石(shi)(shi)拄,每(mei)棵高5米(mi),重達(da)5000公斤(jin),用整(zheng)塊(kuai)大青石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)成。大門(men)左右(you)2棵檐柱雕(diao)巨龍(long)(long)盤繞,稱為(wei)"石(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)抱柱"。正面22扇格子(zi)門(men)所雕(diao)飛禽走獸(shou),形態(tai)各(ge)異.玻璃瓦的(de)屋頂,光(guang)彩奪目。廟宇周圍古(gu)柏(bo)森(sen)森(sen),顯得莊嚴肅(su)穆,雄偉壯觀,有(you)"金碧壯麗甲全滇"之美譽,其規模僅次于山(shan)東,曲阜孔(kong)廟,為(wei)云南省重點文物保護單位。
民國(guo)時期編修的《機關(guan)報纂云南通(tong)志》記載:建水(shui)文廟,是(shi)規模僅次于山東(dong)曲阜的文廟。
景區特色
整個廟宇,一片翠綠,古木蕭森(sen),莊嚴肅穆。松、柏(bo)、竹(zhu)、柳,千姿百態,各種花卉爭妍(yan)斗(dou)艷(yan),四(si)時飄香。庭西(xi)有兩株(zhu)共生(sheng)樹,一(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)柏(bo)樹,一(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)榕樹。數百年的(de)風(feng)風(feng)雨雨,它們已經緊(jin)緊(jin)纏在一(yi)(yi)(yi)起。有人(ren)戲稱為(wei)“萬將軍(jun)抱白小(xiao)姐(jie)”。 建(jian)水城,為(wei)舊臨安府(fu)所在地(di),元、明(ming)、清三(san)代曾是滇(dian)南的(de)政治、經濟和(he)文(wen)化的(de)中心,加(jia)上文(wen)廟(miao)(miao)規模宏大,建(jian)筑精巧(qiao),素有“滇(dian)南鄒魯”之(zhi)(zhi)稱。早年,當地(di)利(li)用文(wen)廟(miao)(miao)建(jian)立了(le)臨安中學(xue)。現改為(wei)建(jian)水第一(yi)(yi)(yi)中學(xue),并在文(wen)廟(miao)(miao)側新建(jian)了(le)許多(duo)教學(xue)樓(lou)。昔(xi)日(ri)孔廟(miao)(miao)圣(sheng)地(di),如今成了(le)青少年學(xue)習之(zhi)(zhi)所。由于政府(fu)和(he)學(xue)校(xiao)注(zhu)意(yi)保存古跡,至(zhi)今文(wen)廟(miao)(miao)仍很(hen)完整。
繞(rao)至泮池后(hou)的唇臺(tai)上(shang),只見(jian)栩栩如生(sheng)的龍、虎、麟、獅、象(xiang)巨石雕高(gao)(gao)距于坊座(zuo)上(shang),拱衛著(zhu)木構架的牌樓。四周的壁畫上(shang)方,用磚砌成斗拱樣,覆以碧(bi)瓦(wa),與三楹坊頂合(he)成疊羅漢式的三重(zhong)檐(yan)歇山頂,檐(yan)牙(ya)高(gao)(gao)啄,碧(bi)瓦(wa)飛翹,與“太和(he)元氣”坊及(ji)“禮(li)門”、“義(yi)路”坊齊觀,如數重(zhong)大雁飛臨(lin)泮池之上(shang)。這種建(jian)筑風格,凸現了(le)儒家思想兩(liang)個(ge)固(gu)有的屬(shu)性(xing):一(yi)方面(mian)具有廣(guang)泛信仰層面(mian)上(shang)的情感需(xu)求,另一(yi)方面(mian)存在著(zhu)相當豐(feng)富的理論思維內容。
文(wen)廟最吸(xi)引(yin)人(ren)(ren)的(de)去處無疑是大(da)成殿(dian)。它(ta)是文(wen)廟的(de)主體建(jian)筑,一字(zi)排開的(de)五間殿(dian)堂,正堂內置(zhi)龍寶座,供奉著(zhu)(zhu)孔子(zi)塑像(xiang)。殿(dian)堂單(dan)檐(yan)九脊(ji)歇山頂,琉璃黃(huang)瓦(wa),翹角飛甍(meng),巍巍宏(hong)麗(li),氣象莊(zhuang)嚴(yan)。這里有很多的(de)字(zi)匾和(he)塑像(xiang),字(zi)大(da)多是歷代皇帝所題,像(xiang)都是對弘揚(yang)儒(ru)家文(wen)化作(zuo)出(chu)貢獻的(de)名人(ren)(ren)。大(da)殿(dian)檐(yan)下懸(xuan)掛著(zhu)(zhu)“先(xian)師廟”三個鎏金大(da)字(zi)匾,筆(bi)力雄渾遒(qiu)勁,匾沿鑲嵌著(zhu)(zhu)玲瓏剔透的(de)木雕龍鳳(feng)。東西廂房是祀奉先(xian)儒(ru)的(de)場(chang)所,先(xian)賢(xian)79人(ren)(ren)、先(xian)儒(ru)75人(ren)(ren)依次(ci)供奉于內。
建筑
文(wen)(wen)廟座北朝南,基本按照山東(dong)曲阜孔廟布局建造,原有一(yi)池(泮(pan)池),一(yi)壇(杏壇),一(yi)圃(射圃),二(er)殿(大(da)成(cheng)殿、崇圣殿)、二(er)廡(wu)(東(dong)廡(wu)、西(xi)廡(wu))、二(er)堂(東(dong)明倫(lun)堂、西(xi)明倫(lun)堂)、三部長(尊經閣(ge)、文(wen)(wen)星(xing)閣(ge)、柱香閣(ge))、四門(men)(欞星(xing)門(men)、大(da)成(cheng)門(men)、金聲門(men)、玉振門(men))、五亭(ting)(ting)(敬一(yi)亭(ting)(ting)、思樂(le)亭(ting)(ting)、齋(zhai)宿亭(ting)(ting)、東(dong)碑亭(ting)(ting)、西(xi)碑亭(ting)(ting))、六祠(ci)(寄(ji)賢(xian)(xian)祠(ci)、倉圣祠(ci)、名宦祠(ci)、鄉(xiang)賢(xian)(xian)祠(ci)、節教祠(ci)、忠義(yi)(yi)孝悌祠(ci))、八坊(fang)(fang)(太和(he)元氣坊(fang)(fang)、洙泗淵(yuan)源坊(fang)(fang)、禮(li)門(men)坊(fang)(fang)、義(yi)(yi)路坊(fang)(fang)、道冠古今坊(fang)(fang)、德配天(tian)地坊(fang)(fang)、圣域由茲坊(fang)(fang)、賢(xian)(xian)關(guan)近仰坊(fang)(fang))。碑文(wen)(wen)記載:此廟“殿堂門(men)廡(wu),圣賢(xian)(xian)肖像,刻雕(diao)藻繪,金碧(bi)輝煌”,“遂成(cheng)一(yi)觀焉。”數百年來,不(bu)斷維修,后(hou)來除杏壇、射圃、尊經閣(ge)、文(wen)(wen)星(xing)閣(ge)、敬一(yi)亭(ting)(ting)和(he)齊(qi)宿亭(ting)(ting)不(bu)存外,其他建筑仍然完好如初。
大(da)(da)門(men)太(tai)和(he)元(yuan)氣(qi)坊(fang)(fang)三(san)楹(ying),中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)一楹(ying)高約(yue)九米,石(shi)(shi)木(mu)結構,坊(fang)(fang)座上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)獅、象、麒麟和(he)龍(long)。頂部斗(dou)拱密集,與兩側的花磚(zhuan)短墻(qiang)組成五(wu)檁三(san)重檐牌樓頂,甚為(wei)(wei)美觀(guan)。當(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)兩扇大(da)(da)門(men)飾以鼓釘,門(men)前(qian)置(zhi)石(shi)(shi)鼓一對。坊(fang)(fang)后為(wei)(wei)泮池(chi),俗稱學(xue)海(hai),明成化(hua)年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)按古學(xue)宮(gong)之(zhi)制開(kai)挖,弘治年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)拓(tuo)寬為(wei)(wei)橢圓形,水面(mian)即達四十余(yu)畝。池(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)一小島,有(you)(you)(you)堤和(he)橋(qiao)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)通(tong)。島上(shang)建鰲(ao)亭,也稱思樂亭,取“書山有(you)(you)(you)路勤(qin)為(wei)(wei)徑,學(xue)海(hai)無涯苦作舟”之(zhi)意,以勉勵生員(yuan)奮發學(xue)習(xi),他日(ri)功名成就,猶如釣得(de)海(hai)中(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)鰲(ao)。東西兩岸有(you)(you)(you)路和(he)紅(hong)(hong)墻(qiang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)圍,路旁有(you)(you)(you)林蔭花木(mu)。池(chi)后筑有(you)(you)(you)半月形臺唇,臺前(qian)圍以白石(shi)(shi)欄(lan)桿。左(zuo)右有(you)(you)(you)“禮門(men)”、“義(yi)路”石(shi)(shi)牌坊(fang)(fang),坊(fang)(fang)前(qian)各立“官員(yuan)兵民人等于此下馬”碑一塊,坊(fang)(fang)側面(mian)紅(hong)(hong)墻(qiang)上(shang)鑲嵌“鳶(yuan)飛魚躍”石(shi)(shi)刻大(da)(da)字四塊,各高一米。南面(mian)煥(huan)文(wen)山倒影映(ying)(ying)池(chi)中(zhong)(zhong),山光水色,與藍(lan)天白云綠(lv)樹相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)映(ying)(ying)襯,分外(wai)宜人。舊志記(ji)載:泮池(chi)“澄泓(hong)如鏡(jing),上(shang)面(mian)石(shi)(shi)臺肪截,宮(gong)墻(qiang)萬仞,金碧交(jiao)輝(hui),宏(hong)整巨麗冠迤東西”“煥(huan)山倒影”或“學(xue)海(hai)文(wen)瀾(lan)”,為(wei)(wei)建水古十景(jing)之(zhi)一。昔時每逢農歷六月二(er)十四日(ri)火把節(jie)夜,彝族和(he)漢(han)族百姓在煥(huan)文(wen)山上(shang)點(dian)燃(ran)火把,巡(xun)行(xing)在同山梯田之(zhi)間(jian)(jian),以祈年(nian)(nian)(nian)照歲,企盼五(wu)谷(gu)豐登。紅(hong)(hong)色的火苗星星點(dian)點(dian)映(ying)(ying)入泮池(chi)之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong),與天上(shang)的繁星交(jiao)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)輝(hui)映(ying)(ying),相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)傳所見(jian)星點(dian)越多(duo),預兆來年(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)科取士中(zhong)(zhong)榜者亦多(duo)。清代滇南著名文(wen)人張漢(han)《學(xue)海(hai)觀(guan)炬》靈(ling)(ling)詩云:“煥(huan)文(wen)峰影泮池(chi)中(zhong)(zhong),幾點(dian)遙窺(kui)野炬紅(hong)(hong)。陸地已成星宿海(hai),靈(ling)(ling)槎欲貫斗(dou)牛宮(gong)……待得(de)今夕見(jian),科名有(you)(you)(you)婁信先(xian)通(tong)。”如此情(qing)趣,全(quan)國(guo)文(wen)廟中(zhong)(zhong)絕無僅有(you)(you)(you)。
從泮池后的(de)(de)臺唇登(deng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)數級(ji)石(shi)(shi)階,有(you)“洙(zhu)泗淵源”坊(fang)(fang)三(san)楹(ying)(ying),高九米,木石(shi)(shi)結(jie)構,龍、麟、獅(shi)(shi)、象巨型石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)高踞(ju)于坊(fang)(fang)座上(shang)(shang)(shang),拱(gong)衛(wei)著(zhu)木構架的(de)(de)牌(pai)樓。坊(fang)(fang)檐(yan)下密(mi)密(mi)層層地(di)(di)飾(shi)以精巧(qiao)(qiao)玲瓏(long)的(de)(de)斗拱(gong),這些斗拱(gong)主要起(qi)裝飾(shi)作用(yong),而(er)不(bu)能全部承檐(yan)坊(fang)(fang)頂(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)重(zhong)壓,古(gu)代(dai)建(jian)筑設計師匠心獨運,巧(qiao)(qiao)妙(miao)地(di)(di)在(zai)中(zhong)間一(yi)楹(ying)(ying)坊(fang)(fang)座的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)麒(qi)麟和(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)獅(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)打主意,在(zai)麒(qi)麟和(he)(he)獅(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)額頭上(shang)(shang)(shang)各(ge)雕(diao)刻(ke)一(yi)個跪(gui)姿(zi)的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)人,頭頂(ding)(ding)一(yi)朵石(shi)(shi)蓮,石(shi)(shi)蓮上(shang)(shang)(shang)安裝一(yi)根(gen)雕(diao)龍細(xi)圓木柱(zhu),四個石(shi)(shi)人四根(gen)木柱(zhu)支撐起(qi)最(zui)高一(yi)層坊(fang)(fang)頂(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)四個檐(yan)角,形成兩根(gen)主柱(zhu)并列(lie)懸(xuan)掛四根(gen)吊腳輔(fu)柱(zhu)的(de)(de)架勢(shi),仔細(xi)觀賞(shang),騰挪自(zi)如。牌(pai)坊(fang)(fang)兩側各(ge)有(you)磚雕(diao)龍鳳(feng)壁(bi)畫(hua)一(yi)幅,其(qi)一(yi)為“二龍戲珠”另一(yi)幅為“雙鳳(feng)朝陽”,亦(yi)甚精美。壁(bi)畫(hua)上(shang)(shang)(shang)用(yong)磚砌(qi)成斗拱(gong)樣,覆(fu)以瓦頂(ding)(ding),與(yu)三(san)楹(ying)(ying)坊(fang)(fang)頂(ding)(ding)組合成疊(die)羅漢式(shi)的(de)(de)三(san)重(zhong)檐(yan)歇(xie)山頂(ding)(ding),檐(yan)角飛翹(qiao),遠觀如雁(yan)陣飛臨泮池之上(shang)(shang)(shang),令人賞(shang)心悅目。“洙(zhu)泗淵源”坊(fang)(fang)背面(mian)的(de)(de)門楣上(shang)(shang)(shang)寫有(you)“萬世宗師”四字(zi)。坊(fang)(fang)后東西向又橫陳(chen)四座磚石(shi)(shi)底(di)座,土木筑頂(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)牌(pai)坊(fang)(fang),亦(yi)各(ge)高九米,分別題寫“德配天地(di)(di)”、“道冠古(gu)今”、“圣域(yu)由茲”、“賢關近仰”。正中(zhong)方頂(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)輔(fu)柱(zhu)亦(yi)有(you)龍雕(diao),造型與(yu)“洙(zhu)泗淵源”坊(fang)(fang)相(xiang)近,只是坊(fang)(fang)座上(shang)(shang)(shang)缺少獅(shi)(shi)象石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)。坊(fang)(fang)間空地(di)(di)上(shang)(shang)(shang)陳(chen)列(lie)著(zhu)二十余塊(kuai)石(shi)(shi)碑,記載(zai)著(zhu)明清(qing)時期(qi)增修文廟的(de)(de)經過(guo),是研(yan)究古(gu)代(dai)邊疆(jiang)文化(hua)教育(yu)的(de)(de)珍貴史料。中(zhong)軸線上(shang)(shang)(shang)原有(you)杏(xing)壇(tan)(tan),明天順間建(jian),壇(tan)(tan)中(zhong)豎石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)統育(yu)圖,后地(di)(di)震(zhen)坍(tan)毀(hui),石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)像移至大成殿上(shang)(shang)(shang)。
其后為(wei)欞星門,三(san)開間,雕梁(liang)畫棟,瓦頂,四根木柱穿(chuan)脊而出(chu),柱上(shang)有木刻(ke)飾物,柱頂套有明代燒制的(de)(de)青花(hua)瓷罩,罩頂雕盤龍,龍首嘯天(tian)。門后為(wei)園林,數株迎客松(song),競相婆娑,似在(zai)向游人招手(shou)致(zhi)意。園東原(yuan)有魁星閣一座,已毀,現存名宦祠(ci)(ci)。園西有桂(gui)香(xiang)(xiang)閣和鄉賢祠(ci)(ci)。桂(gui)香(xiang)(xiang)閣曾是解(jie)放戰爭時(shi)期中國(guo)共產黨滇(dian)南地(di)下組織負責人寓(yu)所在(zai)活動的(de)(de)舊址。
再后(hou)為(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men),亦三(san)(san)開(kai)間(jian),中(zhong)間(jian)為(wei)(wei)通(tong)道(dao),門(men)(men)上(shang)(shang)飾(shi)以鼓釘(ding),門(men)(men)前(qian)石(shi)階正中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)飛龍(long)浮雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)幅。入內(nei)(nei)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)庭院(yuan)(yuan),庭院(yuan)(yuan)后(hou)部丹墀上(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)文(wen)廟主體建筑大(da)(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。兩(liang)(liang)廂為(wei)(wei)東(dong)廡(wu)、西(xi)(xi)廡(wu),各(ge)(ge)(ge)有(you)(you)(you)房舍十(shi)五(wu)間(jian)。門(men)(men)、殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和兩(liang)(liang)廡(wu)組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)套方形(xing)建筑群體,氣勢宏闊。大(da)(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)五(wu)開(kai)間(jian),琉璃(li)黃瓦(wa),歇山頂(ding),由二(er)(er)十(shi)根高(gao)(gao)(gao)五(wu)米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)柱(zhu)支(zhi)撐,其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er)十(shi)二(er)(er)根青(qing)石(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)柱(zhu),全(quan)用整(zheng)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)石(shi)料(liao)鑿磨(mo)而(er)(er)(er)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。撐持(chi)左右前(qian)檐(yan)的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)根石(shi)柱(zhu),中(zhong)部鐫(juan)刻(ke)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)龍(long)騰祥(xiang)云狀,“石(shi)龍(long)抱柱(zhu)”雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)工精巧,甚是(shi)(shi)珍(zhen)奇(qi)。二(er)(er)十(shi)二(er)(er)扇木屏(ping)(ping)門(men)(men)透(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)出(chu)神采各(ge)(ge)(ge)異的(de)(de)(de)生物(wu)圖畫,當中(zhong)六(liu)扇為(wei)(wei)“六(liu)龍(long)捧圣(sheng)”圖,六(liu)條(tiao)(tiao)立體的(de)(de)(de)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)龍(long)在(zai)云水間(jian)騰挪翻飛,環衛著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)圣(sheng)座(zuo)(zuo),象(xiang)征(zheng)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)學說和思想(xiang)在(zai)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)意識形(xing)態領(ling)域內(nei)(nei)至高(gao)(gao)(gao)無上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)位(wei)。兩(liang)(liang)旁(pang)的(de)(de)(de)屏(ping)(ping)門(men)(men)上(shang)(shang)分別鐫(juan)刻(ke)出(chu)“雙獅(shi)分水”、“喜(xi)鵲鬧梅”、“犀牛望(wang)月”、“三(san)(san)羊開(kai)泰”、“麟(lin)吐玉書”、“封(蜂)侯(猴)掛印”、“旭(xu)日東(dong)升”、“竹(zhu)報平安(an)”等畫面,共(gong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)百多個(ge)大(da)(da)(da)(da)小動(dong)物(wu)形(xing)象(xiang),維妙維肖,栩栩如生,而(er)(er)(er)且一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)個(ge)高(gao)(gao)(gao)度鏤空成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立體狀。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)對(dui)小松鼠,呼之(zhi)欲出(chu),活靈活現(xian),體現(xian)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)木雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)藝人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)超技術(shu),為(wei)(wei)屏(ping)(ping)門(men)(men)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)珍(zhen)品(pin)。門(men)(men)檻五(wu)道(dao)亦用整(zheng)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)紋(wen)石(shi)盤(pan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)三(san)(san)道(dao)各(ge)(ge)(ge)長五(wu)米(mi)七,高(gao)(gao)(gao)寬各(ge)(ge)(ge)四十(shi)厘(li)米(mi),石(shi)色灰白,中(zhong)含黑紋(wen),細膩(ni)有(you)(you)(you)光(guang),無絲(si)毫裂痕,儼(yan)如油光(guang)漆成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),乍看(kan)不知是(shi)(shi)整(zheng)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)巨(ju)石(shi)琢磨(mo)而(er)(er)(er)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下懸(xuan)掛著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)“先師廟”三(san)(san)個(ge)鎏金(jin)大(da)(da)(da)(da)字匾,筆力雄渾遒勁(jing),匾沿鑲(xiang)嵌著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)玲(ling)瓏剔(ti)透(tou)的(de)(de)(de)木雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)龍(long)鳳(feng)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)懸(xuan)掛著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)摹(mo)刻(ke)的(de)(de)(de)清代(dai)(dai)歷(li)朝皇帝贊孔(kong)(kong)尊孔(kong)(kong)“御題”貼金(jin)匾額八塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai),有(you)(you)(you)康熙(xi)的(de)(de)(de)“萬世師表”,雍正的(de)(de)(de)“生民未(wei)有(you)(you)(you)”,乾(qian)隆的(de)(de)(de)“與天地(di)參”,直到光(guang)緒的(de)(de)(de)“斯文(wen)在(zai)茲”。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)尊供奉孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)牌位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)圣(sheng)龕(kan),龕(kan)座(zuo)(zuo)亦為(wei)(wei)整(zheng)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)巨(ju)石(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),四足朝內(nei)(nei)彎曲(qu)。座(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)置(zhi)精工鏤刻(ke)的(de)(de)(de)木閣一(yi)(yi)(yi)間(jian)。孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)牌位(wei)供在(zai)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)龍(long)寶(bao)座(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)置(zhi)乾(qian)隆年間(jian)鑄造的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)銅香(xiang)爐一(yi)(yi)(yi)尊,高(gao)(gao)(gao)近三(san)(san)米(mi),四足鑄成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)象(xiang)頭,卷曲(qu)的(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)鼻支(zhi)在(zai)蓮座(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang),象(xiang)征(zheng)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)古(gu)時曾是(shi)(shi)象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)故鄉。香(xiang)爐上(shang)(shang)部覆(fu)以樓臺,盤(pan)繞游龍(long)十(shi)余(yu)條(tiao)(tiao)。又(you)有(you)(you)(you)石(shi)刻(ke)“孔(kong)(kong)圣(sheng)弦頌圖”一(yi)(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai),高(gao)(gao)(gao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)米(mi)五(wu),寬八十(shi)厘(li)米(mi),孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)席地(di)而(er)(er)(er)座(zuo)(zuo)撫琴授課,四弟(di)子(zi)肅立恭聽,為(wei)(wei)明代(dai)(dai)所(suo)刻(ke)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)兩(liang)(liang)有(you)(you)(you)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)亭,西(xi)(xi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)亭立滿(man)(man)漢文(wen)《御制平定(ding)(ding)(ding)回中(zhong)告太(tai)太(tai)學碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)文(wen)》,通(tong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)五(wu)米(mi),寬二(er)(er)米(mi),兩(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)石(shi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)并列在(zai)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)座(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang),一(yi)(yi)(yi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)刻(ke)滿(man)(man)文(wen),一(yi)(yi)(yi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)刻(ke)漢文(wen),兩(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)之(zhi)上(shang)(shang)鑲(xiang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)完整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)座(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang),一(yi)(yi)(yi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)刻(ke)漢文(wen),兩(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)之(zhi)上(shang)(shang)鑲(xiang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)完整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)頂(ding),將其(qi)(qi)聯(lian)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)體,碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)文(wen)記(ji)載(zai)乾(qian)隆年間(jian)清軍平定(ding)(ding)(ding)新疆準噶爾(er)反動(dong)貴州叛亂,統一(yi)(yi)(yi)祖國(guo)版圖的(de)(de)(de)史料(liao),原碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)立于(yu)北京文(wen)廟內(nei)(nei),臨安(an)知府(fu)雙鼎摹(mo)刻(ke)于(yu)建水文(wen)廟。滿(man)(man)漢文(wen)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)全(quan)國(guo)罕(han)有(you)(you)(you)。東(dong)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)亭內(nei)(nei)立用漢文(wen)刻(ke)寫的(de)(de)(de)乾(qian)隆《平定(ding)(ding)(ding)青(qing)海告成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)太(tai)學記(ji)》。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)庭院(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)(you)古(gu)樹兩(liang)(liang)株(zhu),古(gu)柏數株(zhu),相傳植(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)元時。又(you)有(you)(you)(you)山茶花(hua)兩(liang)(liang)株(zhu),蒼老遒勁(jing),仍繁花(hua)似錦。林蔭(yin)中(zhong)伏坐石(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)白象(xiang)兩(liang)(liang)頭,馱有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)米(mi)多高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)青(qing)銅花(hua)瓶,瓶內(nei)(nei)植(zhi)(zhi)花(hua)木。庭院(yuan)(yuan)兩(liang)(liang)側有(you)(you)(you)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)明倫堂(tang),原為(wei)(wei)臨安(an)府(fu)學和建水縣(xian)學所(suo)在(zai)。西(xi)(xi)明倫堂(tang)前(qian)有(you)(you)(you)高(gao)(gao)(gao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)奇(qi)異的(de)(de)(de)榕柏共(gong)生樹,榕樹包柏樹,連理同(tong)心,三(san)(san)人(ren)才能合抱。
大(da)成(cheng)殿后(hou)又(you)陳列著元(yuan)明清碑(bei)刻(ke)十余塊,其中有元(yuan)至大(da)元(yuan)年武宗皇帝追封孔子為“大(da)成(cheng)至圣(sheng)文宣王”的(de)(de)圣(sheng)旨牌,為滇南現存最古老(lao)的(de)(de)碑(bei)刻(ke)。其后(hou)為崇圣(sheng)殿,是祈奉孔子父母的(de)(de)殿堂,雕梁畫棟,與(yu)大(da)成(cheng)殿相呼應,蔚(yu)為壯觀,殿前(qian)石欄上刻(ke)有杭州西湖二(er)十四景圖。殿東還有倉圣(sheng)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)、景賢祠(ci)(ci)(ci)。前(qian)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)奉祀(si)傳說中的(de)(de)漢字創造者(zhe)倉頡(jie)。后(hou)者(zhe)為鄉人紀念(nian)明洪武年間被貶謫(zhe)至此講學近十余年,與(yu)邊(bian)地文稿教有功的(de)(de)文人學士王奎、韓(han)宜可而(er)建的(de)(de)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)堂,也稱(cheng)二(er)賢祠(ci)(ci)(ci)。
崇(chong)圣殿(dian)后原有尊經部長,為(wei)滇南(nan)最古老的藏書樓(lou),已毀,唯剩(sheng)古柏(bo)百余株。