都嶠山(shan)(shan)中,又(you)名南山(shan)(shan),是廣西省級(ji)風(feng)(feng)景名勝(sheng)區,桂東(dong)南名山(shan)(shan)之一,以(yi)典型的(de)丹霞地(di)貌著(zhu)稱,距(ju)容縣縣城7公(gong)里,是全國道(dao)書所(suo)稱三(san)十六洞(dong)天(tian)的(de)第(di)二十洞(dong)天(tian)。山(shan)(shan)中有勝(sheng)景“二洞(dong)、八峰、二十巖(yan)”。歷代(dai)以(yi)寺觀(guan)眾(zhong)多,風(feng)(feng)光奇麗而聞名于(yu)(yu)世。古(gu)時山(shan)(shan)上(shang)有九寺十三(san)觀(guan),有著(zhu)名的(de)講學(xue)所(suo)太極巖(yan)等,宋代(dai)著(zhu)名詩(shi)人蘇(su)東(dong)坡、名相(xiang)李綱、明朝旅行(xing)家徐霞客等名人曾慕名游(you)覽題詠,是集(ji)宗教、文(wen)化、風(feng)(feng)光于(yu)(yu)一體的(de)名山(shan)(shan)。
都(dou)(dou)(dou)嶠(jiao)山是(shi)(shi)我國(guo)道(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)第20洞(dong)天,文(wen)(wen)(wen)資源豐富(fu),文(wen)(wen)(wen)化底(di)蘊深厚。遠在(zai)(zai)漢代即(ji)有劉根(gen)、華子期(qi)等人(ren)入山修(xiu)道(dao),相(xiang)傳晉朝葛洪也(ye)曾在(zai)(zai)山中(zhong)煉丹。寶(bao)元觀(guan)即(ji)道(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活動場所之一。隨(sui)著佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)傳入中(zhong)國(guo),都(dou)(dou)(dou)嶠(jiao)山又(you)成為佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)勝地。唐代山中(zhong)建(jian)有相(xiang)當規模的(de)九寺(si)(si)十三觀(guan)。靈景(jing)寺(si)(si)古(gu)時(shi)即(ji)為海內名(ming)寺(si)(si)。其后(hou)宋朝又(you)在(zai)(zai)寶(bao)元巖中(zhong)筑殿塑造(zao)和(he)奉祀孔子及其弟子,于是(shi)(shi)都(dou)(dou)(dou)嶠(jiao)山便成為佛(fo)(fo)、道(dao)、儒三家(jia)并興(xing)之地。此外,歷代名(ming)人(ren)贊譽(yu)都(dou)(dou)(dou)嶠(jiao)山的(de)詩(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)甚(shen)多,如宋代大(da)詩(shi)人(ren)蘇東坡路過容州時(shi)曾題(ti)詩(shi)贈送(song)在(zai)(zai)山中(zhong)修(xiu)道(dao)的(de)邵彥甫,宋代名(ming)將李綱、明代著名(ming)旅行家(jia)徐霞客(ke)游(you)山時(shi)曾在(zai)(zai)靈景(jing)寺(si)(si)往宿,并留(liu)下了(le)詩(shi)篇和(he)游(you)記。都(dou)(dou)(dou)嶠(jiao)山同(tong)時(shi)又(you)是(shi)(shi)民間文(wen)(wen)(wen)學的(de)寶(bao)庫,這里的(de)奇峰異(yi)石大(da)多富(fu)麗著古(gu)老動人(ren)的(de)傳說。如“鐘鼓石”、“仙人(ren)腳印”、“虎(hu)頭關”、“燈檠光照讀書臺”等,大(da)都(dou)(dou)(dou)引人(ren)入勝。上(shang)述從文(wen)(wen)(wen)旅游(you)資源與(yu)風光交相(xiang)輝(hui)映,極大(da)地豐富(fu)了(le)名(ming)山的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化內涵。 [1]
都(dou)嶠(jiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)體由(you)第(di)(di)三(san)系“紅層(ceng)”構成(cheng)。第(di)(di)三(san)系“紅層(ceng)”,屬(shu)于內陸湖盆沉(chen)積(ji),主要為(wei)(wei)砂(sha)巖(yan)、礫巖(yan),由(you)于當時(shi)古氣候炎熱干(gan)燥,沉(chen)積(ji)物中(zhong)的低價(jia)鐵(tie)(tie)氧化成(cheng)高價(jia)鐵(tie)(tie),因(yin)而巖(yan)層(ceng)被染成(cheng)紫(zi)紅或褐紅色(se)(se),故稱為(wei)(wei)“紅層(ceng)”。山(shan)(shan)(shan)體色(se)(se)調遠(yuan)觀宛若(ruo)紅霞(xia)(廣(guang)東仁(ren)化丹(dan)霞(xia)山(shan)(shan)(shan)即由(you)此(ci)得名),這類地貌在(zai)我國統稱為(wei)(wei)丹(dan)霞(xia)地貌,其山(shan)(shan)(shan)、石徒刑的特點是整體感強(qiang),在(zai)質感和線條上剛柔兼(jian)備(bei),與(yu)花崗巖(yan)、石灰(hui)巖(yan)構成(cheng)的山(shan)(shan)(shan)地才丘陵相比,風光別具一格,具有(you)很高的美學觀賞(shang)價(jia)值。
都嶠(jiao)(jiao)山(shan)屹立(li)在海拔(ba)100米上(shang)(shang)下(xia)的(de)容廂平(ping)原之上(shang)(shang),其主要山(shan)峰海拔(ba)多在500米以上(shang)(shang),其中(zhong)香爐峰標高(gao)743.7米,為都嶠(jiao)(jiao)山(shan)最高(gao)峰。相對高(gao)差(cha)達400至600余米。整(zheng)個山(shan)區層巒疊嶂,巍峨(e)挺拔(ba)。特(te)別是山(shan)體北麓(lu),丹(dan)霞(xia)赤壁似斧劈(pi)刀削,東西羅列,氣(qi)(qi)勢恢宏。自容城南(nan)望(wang),群(qun)峰延(yan)綿達8公里,宛如平(ping)地堅立(li)的(de)錦屏,南(nan)天排(pai)開(kai)的(de)筆架,朝暉夕陰,氣(qi)(qi)象萬(wan)千。
都(dou)嶠(jiao)山(shan)紅(hong)層(ceng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)富含鈣質,在(zai)(zai)(zai)風(feng)化剝蝕過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)常沿層(ceng)面形(xing)成(cheng)許多(duo)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)。這些洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)在(zai)(zai)(zai)水平方(fang)向(xiang)上(shang)成(cheng)排,在(zai)(zai)(zai)垂直方(fang)向(xiang)上(shang)成(cheng)層(ceng)發(fa)育。在(zai)(zai)(zai)慶(qing)壽巖(yan)(yan)之上(shang),一(yi)系列(lie)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)大(da)致在(zai)(zai)(zai)同一(yi)高(gao)度(du)斷(duan)續(xu)延伸,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原的古老房(fang)(fang)舍的斷(duan)壁殘(can)垣排列(lie)有序,形(xing)成(cheng)了“七十二房(fang)(fang)井”的奇觀。而在(zai)(zai)(zai)云蓋峰(feng),自下而上(shang)分布著太(tai)極(ji)巖(yan)(yan)、圣人巖(yan)(yan)、寶(bao)蓋巖(yan)(yan)等(deng)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)(xue)(xue),巖(yan)(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)砌房(fang)(fang)建閣(ge)(ge),至今不(bu)少(shao)仍保存完好(hao)。正如寶(bao)蓋巖(yan)(yan)一(yi)付巖(yan)(yan)聯所題:“閣(ge)(ge)閣(ge)(ge)閣(ge)(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)閣(ge)(ge)巖(yan)(yan)巖(yan)(yan)巖(yan)(yan)上(shang)巖(yan)(yan)”。據不(bu)完全統計,山(shan)內(nei)大(da)小(xiao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)有300余(yu)個(ge),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有名(ming)稱的達(da)100多(duo)個(ge)。這些洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)一(yi)般寬度(du)大(da)于深度(du)和(he)高(gao)度(du),最大(da)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)不(bu)靈景巖(yan)(yan),寬46米(mi),高(gao)、深各約16米(mi),可(ke)容數百人,都(dou)嶠(jiao)山(shan)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)之多(duo),在(zai)(zai)(zai)國內(nei)丹霞(xia)地(di)貌風(feng)景區中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是罕見的。
都嶠山(shan)山(shan)、石(shi)徒刑奇(qi)特,惟(wei)妙惟(wei)肖。紅層經(jing)風(feng)化(hua)剝蝕后(hou),造型(xing)地貌發育(yu)。如(ru)八大(da)峰,似(si)香爐、仙人、灶石(shi)、馬鞍、竹兜(dou),山(shan)峰由此得名(ming)。至于小的山(shan)、石(shi)肖形像物(wu)的更(geng)多,如(ru)蠟燭通天(tian)、丹鳳朝陽、寶劍出鞘,文(wen)筆(bi)卓(zhuo)立以(yi)及海(hai)豚(tun)出水,鯉魚(yu)跳龍門(men)等巨石(shi),莫(mo)不惟(wei)妙惟(wei)肖,使人們游興(xing)大(da)增。還有仙人橋、仙人床(chuang)等景(jing)(jing)點,也是(shi)很富吸引力的景(jing)(jing)點。
都(dou)嶠山(shan)旅(lv)游資源(yuan)的開發還(huan)只(zhi)限于其西區,面積約4平(ping)方(fang)公里,僅(jin)占整個(ge)風景區的四分之(zhi)(zhi)一,是近年(nian)新開發的一個(ge)融自然(ran)景觀與(yu)宗(zong)教文化為一體的旅(lv)游觀光(guang)區。目前已建有暗(an)河(he)佛源(yuan)漂流(liu)、登山(shan)觀光(guang)纜車(che)、五百羅(luo)漢堂、慶壽巖禪寺、猴(hou)山(shan)和(he)(he)觀猴(hou)長廊、金佛大字世(shi)界之(zhi)(zhi)最(zui)、南山(shan)閣(ge)、福壽橋(qiao)、蓮池、九曲橋(qiao)、植物園等景觀。東(dong)區和(he)(he)中區,包括香(xiang)爐峰、丹灶峰、仙人(ren)峰、兜(dou)子峰、中峰等地,山(shan)勢更(geng)為雄奇,這一帶的風光(guang)除(chu)具有西區的某些特點(dian)外,更(geng)以(yi)(yi)險(xian)、幽(you)取勝。可以(yi)(yi)預(yu)期,在中遠期開發之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),都(dou)嶠山(shan)景色將(jiang)更(geng)具魅力。
民間(jian)(jian)有(you)歌謠云(yun)(yun):“南山(shan)(shan)(shan)金戽斗(dou),九曲十八扭(niu),誰人(ren)(ren)葬得(de)著,芝麻(ma)綠豆官(guan)三斗(dou)”;宋.賴布衣游(you)都(dou)嶠(jiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)后(hou)便作賦(fu)一(yi)首以贊其(qi)美(mei),賦(fu)云(yun)(yun):“龍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)靈特超,星(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)光不朽(xiu);天(tian)光下降方隅,地德(de)上承培嶁;縱橫照耀,二十八宿列(lie)九天(tian);起(qi)伏(fu)恢弘,七十二山(shan)(shan)(shan)分奔走;脈絡(luo)循(xun)環數百里(li),透岑容(rong)獨論尊卑(bei);奇巒(luan)峻(jun)拔萬千峰,列(lie)土(tu)木金分左(zuo)(zuo)右(you);觀龍樓(lou)寶殿,惟仰南山(shan)(shan)(shan);察(cha)星(xing)體鐘靈,居然(ran)金斗(dou);心極溯洄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)望,每切秋三;欲(yu)登泰岳(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao),難(nan)逢重(zhong)九.原夫神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所由起(qi)也!容(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)天(tian)堂(tang),森(sen)秀渾穆;土(tu)柱石(shi)(shi)鵝,崇雄(xiong)(xiong)高(gao)矗;香(xiang)爐頂掛(gua)天(tian)池(chi),丹灶云(yun)(yun)居幽谷;娑(suo)婆(po)巖為(wei)中宮,燈檠石(shi)(shi)為(wei)照燭;大(da)象宿于(yu)(yu)中傍(bang),仙(xian)鵝飛乎(hu)上屬.蜂腰(yao)渡峽,日月匡(kuang)扶;鼓角威儀,槍旗并(bing)束;羅(luo)列(lie)三枝,中標雙玉;觀峰巒(luan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疊疊,千山(shan)(shan)(shan)悉是(shi)(shi)(shi)奔隨;驗(yan)江漢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)茫茫,萬水咸(xian)歸(gui)入(ru)局;橫敷(fu)直遞(di),觀其(qi)勢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甚雄(xiong)(xiong);左(zuo)(zuo)旋(xuan)右(you)抽,察(cha)其(qi)形者真(zhen)委曲.詳(xiang)觀美(mei)穴(xue)蓮花,精微(wei)深入(ru);蟬翼(yi)雙披,蝦須(xu)兩(liang)集;御(yu)屏(ping)屹豎其(qi)間(jian)(jian),荷筆卓然(ran)秀立;遠觀則高(gao)起(qi)無(wu)情,近視(shi)則山(shan)(shan)(shan)家(jia)拱揖;攀金腰(yao)玉帶,一(yi)畫(hua)連環;占翰苑雕梁,敦厚難(nan)岌;幸(xing)形神畢聚,品格出乎(hu)萬千;貌像(xiang)呈(cheng)祥,聲價高(gao)居倍十;信是(shi)(shi)(shi)明堂(tang)廣闊,陽剛(gang)星(xing)列(lie)盤桓;局度寬雄(xiong)(xiong),帝座公車峻(jun)拔;只有(you)諸砂,并(bing)無(wu)一(yi)煞;兩(liang)邊盡(jin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)包羅(luo),四(si)面咸(xian)來(lai)觀察(cha);羅(luo)衛收自(zi)近關,豬牙(ya)鎮塞總(zong)轄;天(tian)馬鎮自(zi)乾離,北(bei)斗(dou)重(zhong)騮合(he)札(zha);擬左(zuo)(zuo)致(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)飄渺,仙(xian)人(ren)(ren)詎敢盡(jin)當;驗(yan)右(you)繞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縈回,苑客難(nan)稱巧(qiao)黠(xia);布金箱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蘊(yun),不但寶三;陳玉石(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能,有(you)同(tong)簋(gui)八;若是(shi)(shi)(shi)乎(hu)!地既靈于(yu)(yu)其(qi)前(qian),人(ren)(ren)心杰乎(hu)厥后(hou);斯(si)興(xing)發之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)強,享榮(rong)華之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)悠久;富必(bi)石(shi)(shi)崇,貴仍韓柳;誥軸(zhou)文星(xing)面對(dui),他年金榜題名(ming);云(yun)(yun)天(tian)錦帳頻敷(fu),異(yi)日斗(dou)稱福(fu)厚;嗟乎(hu)!地產精英,鬼神守護;縱有(you)慧眼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明,難(nan)默(mo)遭逢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)偶;是(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)家(jia)擇主,斷然(ran)福(fu)自(zi)天(tian)來(lai)!倘教地府佑人(ren)(ren),決非事(shi)成矯揉!