策勒縣(xian)(xian)位于(yu)(yu)和(he)田(tian)市(shi)與于(yu)(yu)田(tian)縣(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian),與和(he)田(tian)、于(yu)(yu)田(tian)一樣,都在古(gu)絲綢(chou)之(zhi)(zhi)路南線(xian)上。在策勒縣(xian)(xian),我(wo)們游(you)覽了達瑪(ma)溝佛(fo)教文(wen)(wen)化遺(yi)址。當時(shi)雖然看到(dao)了一些出土文(wen)(wen)物,但并沒有(you)感覺到(dao)有(you)多(duo)么(me)重要。而且游(you)覽時(shi)間(jian)安(an)排得很(hen)短,匆忙之(zhi)(zhi)中,照片也拍的很(hen)少。回來(lai)后查找有(you)關(guan)資料才發現,達瑪(ma)溝佛(fo)教遺(yi)址遠非我(wo)們看到(dao)的那么(me)簡單,以至于(yu)(yu)我(wo)們對和(he)田(tian)都要刮目相看。
達瑪(ma)溝佛(fo)(fo)教文(wen)化遺(yi)(yi)址位(wei)于(yu)(yu)策勒縣以東(dong)30公里處,距(ju)離315國(guo)道(dao)4公里。遺(yi)(yi)址區所在(zai)(zai)地——達瑪(ma)溝,在(zai)(zai)兩漢時期是(shi)西(xi)域(yu)綠(lv)洲(zhou)小國(guo)“媲(pi)摩”所在(zai)(zai)地。后來被于(yu)(yu)闐(tian)國(guo)吞(tun)并(bing),變成(cheng)了(le)(le)于(yu)(yu)闐(tian)東(dong)邊的(de)(de)(de)重鎮,它(ta)是(shi)于(yu)(yu)闐(tian)國(guo)東(dong)邊較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)綠(lv)洲(zhou)、較(jiao)重要的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)通樞紐和軍(jun)事重鎮。星河(he)斗轉,歲月滄桑,昔日(ri)的(de)(de)(de)繁盛(sheng)早已湮沒在(zai)(zai)歷史的(de)(de)(de)長河(he)中,了(le)(le)無痕跡。一(yi)次(ci)偶然的(de)(de)(de)事件使(shi)這(zhe)一(yi)歷史遺(yi)(yi)跡再次(ci)呈(cheng)現在(zai)(zai)世(shi)人面前,專家們在(zai)(zai)經歷了(le)(le)多年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)探尋與研究之(zhi)后,認為達瑪(ma)溝區域(yu)是(shi)佛(fo)(fo)國(guo)于(yu)(yu)闐(tian)的(de)(de)(de)政治經濟文(wen)化中心(xin),因(yin)此,消失了(le)(le)千年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)于(yu)(yu)闐(tian)文(wen)明再次(ci)成(cheng)為舉世(shi)矚目的(de)(de)(de)焦點。2013年(nian)5月3日(ri)國(guo)務(wu)院把新疆(jiang)達瑪(ma)溝佛(fo)(fo)寺(si)遺(yi)(yi)址列為第七批全國(guo)重點文(wen)物保護單位(wei)。
中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)社(she)科院新疆考古(gu)(gu)大(da)隊巫(wu)新華博士在其(qi)“佛(fo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)勝(sheng)跡——達瑪溝(gou)”一(yi)(yi)文中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)說:和(he)(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)(tian)古(gu)(gu)稱(cheng)于(yu)闐,不僅(jin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)域(yu)絲路(lu)重(zhong)鎮、玉石之(zhi)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)源頭,而(er)(er)(er)且是(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)文明(ming)淵源極深的(de)(de)(de)故(gu)土(tu)。昆侖(lun)山是(shi)(shi)(shi)座神話之(zhi)山,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)上古(gu)(gu)神話中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)多數神仙都來自這(zhe)里(li)。而(er)(er)(er)和(he)(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)(tian)正(zheng)好位于(yu)昆侖(lun)山主脈中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)段,這(zhe)里(li)既出產和(he)(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)(tian)玉,又是(shi)(shi)(shi)神話中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)黃帝(di)、昊帝(di)、伏(fu)羲(xi)、后羿、嫘祖(zu)、女媧和(he)(he)(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi)王母等華夏(xia)赫(he)赫(he)先祖(zu)傳說的(de)(de)(de)原住仙境。與(yu)(yu)此(ci)同(tong)時(shi),古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)還始終堅信不疑地認(ren)為(wei)(wei):華夏(xia)一(yi)(yi)脈的(de)(de)(de)母親河——黃河的(de)(de)(de)發源地也(ye)在昆侖(lun)山和(he)(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)(tian)山麓。如(ru)此(ci)一(yi)(yi)來,華夏(xia)先祖(zu)圣人(ren),以及(ji)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)切神圣、美好的(de)(de)(de)事(shi)物都與(yu)(yu)和(he)(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)(tian)有(you)著千(qian)絲萬縷的(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)。于(yu)闐(和(he)(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)(tian))自古(gu)(gu)便被稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)西(xi)(xi)(xi)域(yu)佛(fo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)傳入中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原、東(dong)亞(ya)等地的(de)(de)(de)第(di)一(yi)(yi)站(zhan)。其(qi)佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)文化不僅(jin)深遠地影響(xiang)到中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)以及(ji)東(dong)亞(ya)各地佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),同(tong)時(shi)也(ye)深受(shou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原各方面的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。漢語的(de)(de)(de)“佛(fo)”字便翻譯(yi)自古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)于(yu)闐語,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內地較早(zao)的(de)(de)(de)佛(fo)經《四十二章(zhang)經》也(ye)譯(yi)自古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)于(yu)闐語。甚至中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)早(zao)期所謂的(de)(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)(xi)天取經,也(ye)只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)到于(yu)闐——古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)和(he)(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)(tian)——這(zhe)個(ge)西(xi)(xi)(xi)天而(er)(er)(er)已。古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)和(he)(he)(he)田(tian)(tian)(tian)作為(wei)(wei)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心之(zhi)一(yi)(yi),其(qi)對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原乃至整(zheng)個(ge)東(dong)亞(ya)佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)一(yi)(yi)直延(yan)續(xu)至今(jin)。巫(wu)新華認(ren)為(wei)(wei),“達瑪溝(gou)(Damago)”應是(shi)(shi)(shi)于(yu)闐古(gu)(gu)語借(jie)用梵文“Dharma(意譯(yi):佛(fo)法,音(yin)譯(yi)即達摩)”加詞綴GO而(er)(er)(er)成,意思為(wei)(wei)佛(fo)法匯聚(ju)之(zhi)地,漢語音(yin)譯(yi)正(zheng)確名(ming)稱(cheng)應該是(shi)(shi)(shi)“達摩溝(gou)”。
達(da)瑪(ma)溝佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)文(wen)化(hua)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)說明中(zhong)說到(dao):于(yu)闐(和(he)田(tian))是佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)傳入中(zhong)原(yuan)、乃(nai)至(zhi)東亞其他(ta)地(di)區(qu)較早的(de)(de)(de)策(ce)源(yuan)地(di);還是古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)西(xi)(xi)域(yu)大(da)乘佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)中(zhong)心,也是中(zhong)原(yuan)大(da)乘佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)策(ce)源(yuan)地(di);于(yu)闐佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)文(wen)化(hua)深遠地(di)影響到(dao)中(zhong)原(yuan)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、西(xi)(xi)藏(zang)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),以及東亞各地(di)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。達(da)瑪(ma)溝是古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)和(he)田(tian)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)香(xiang)火較盛的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方之一,廣泛分布著(zhu)許多重要佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。從北到(dao)南有(you)托(tuo)普(pu)(pu)魯克墩、哈德里克、克科吉(ji)格代(dai)(dai)、巴勒瓦斯提(ti)、老達(da)瑪(ma)溝、烏(wu)尊塔提(ti)、喀拉(la)沁、丹丹烏(wu)里克等(deng)著(zhu)名佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。以托(tuo)普(pu)(pu)魯克墩佛(fo)(fo)(fo)寺遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)群為(wei)代(dai)(dai)表的(de)(de)(de)達(da)瑪(ma)溝南部佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是未曾遭受20世紀(ji)外國探險隊劫掠,而完整保(bao)存下(xia)來的(de)(de)(de)重要佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),這里不(bu)斷(duan)增多的(de)(de)(de)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)寺遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)發現及大(da)量(liang)考古(gu)(gu)資料的(de)(de)(de)出現,可以說是21世紀(ji)學術界(jie)、佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)界(jie)的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)重大(da)事件。