曹州百(bai)(bai)花(hua)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)位于菏澤市(shi)牡(mu)丹區的(de)(de)洪廟村北(bei)部。1958年(nian)正(zheng)式(shi)建(jian)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),定名(ming)“洪廟花(hua)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”。1982年(nian)政府(fu)撥款重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian),命(ming)名(ming)“百(bai)(bai)花(hua)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”。“曹州百(bai)(bai)花(hua)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”原名(ming)“萬(wan)(wan)花(hua)村”,有(you)(you)(you)(you)“精品(pin)(pin)牡(mu)丹園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”之稱,有(you)(you)(you)(you)珍(zhen)貴百(bai)(bai)年(nian)以(yi)上高齡(ling)牡(mu)丹百(bai)(bai)余(yu)株(zhu)(zhu)。始建(jian)于明朝嘉靖(jing)年(nian),歷經滄桑(sang),傳(chuan)奇(qi)頗(po)多(duo)。1982年(nian),胡耀邦總書記視察后,政府(fu)撥專款進行了(le)重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian),現(xian)在(zai)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)面積(ji)100余(yu)畝,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)觀賞(shang)(shang)牡(mu)丹20萬(wan)(wan)株(zhu)(zhu),觀賞(shang)(shang)芍藥10萬(wan)(wan)株(zhu)(zhu)。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)修建(jian)了(le)新(xin)穎別致的(de)(de)大門和(he)接待樓,鋪設了(le)水泥嵌卵石的(de)(de)游覽路線。面積(ji)約(yue)6.7平(ping)方公里,有(you)(you)(you)(you)牡(mu)丹品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)560多(duo)個,12萬(wan)(wan)余(yu)株(zhu)(zhu),芍藥六萬(wan)(wan)余(yu)株(zhu)(zhu),300多(duo)個品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)優良品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薈萃,既(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)傳(chuan)統名(ming)品(pin)(pin),又有(you)(you)(you)(you)許多(duo)自育的(de)(de)性狀優良的(de)(de)新(xin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中(zhong)出名(ming)的(de)(de)新(xin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)“春紅妖艷(yan)”“景玉”“銀紅球” 和(he)“百(bai)(bai)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)粉”等;還有(you)(you)(you)(you)從(cong)日本引(yin)進的(de)(de)一些品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。該園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)眾多(duo);由(you)于面積(ji)相對較小,展示(shi)較為集中(zhong),又有(you)(you)(you)(you)自己的(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特色,吸引(yin)了(le)國內(nei)外大量游客。
百花(hua)(hua)(hua)園(yuan)面積面積畝,植牡(mu)(mu)(mu)丹(dan)十二萬多株(zhu),560個品(pin)(pin)種(zhong),芍藥六(liu)萬余株(zhu),300多個品(pin)(pin)種(zhong),以(yi)傳(chuan)統稀有(you)珍(zhen)貴品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)多,花(hua)(hua)(hua)色齊全,分布合理(li)便于觀賞而出名。同時培育出牡(mu)(mu)(mu)丹(dan)新品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)賽雪塔、春(chun)紅(hong)嬌(jiao)艷、銀紅(hong)球、百園(yuan)粉(fen)等數十種(zhong),具有(you)很高(gao)的觀賞價值。因而百花(hua)(hua)(hua)園(yuan)又(you)有(you)“品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)園(yuan)”之(zhi)稱(cheng)。十幾年來(lai),百花(hua)(hua)(hua)園(yuan)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)丹(dan)不(bu)僅在杭州(zhou)、蘇州(zhou)、廣州(zhou)、上海等城市舉辦大型牡(mu)(mu)(mu)丹(dan)展,而且與日(ri)、美、新加坡(po)、荷(he)蘭、臺(tai)灣等國(guo)家和地(di)區開展交流,引進日(ri)本的金(jin)寶、金(jin)閣、花(hua)(hua)(hua)王(wang)、太陽等品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)。百花(hua)(hua)(hua)園(yuan)東倚(yi)220國(guo)道,南靠市區,交通方便。擁有(you)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)丹(dan)、芍藥種(zhong)苗繁育基(ji)(ji)地(di)2300余畝,每(mei)年向國(guo)內外提供(gong)優(you)質種(zhong)苗200余萬株(zhu)。現有(you)高(gao)、中級技術人員32人,生產、管理(li)人員450人,是曹(cao)州(zhou)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)丹(dan)觀賞重點園(yuan)區和商品(pin)(pin)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)丹(dan)、芍藥生產、輸出主(zhu)要基(ji)(ji)地(di)。
精品牡丹編輯
百花園(yuan)以牡(mu)丹(dan)名貴(gui)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)繁多(duo)而被(bei)譽為“牡(mu)丹(dan)珍(zhen)品(pin)(pin)(pin)園(yuan)”。黃(huang)、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)、蘭、白、黑、綠(lv)、紫、粉、復色九(jiu)大色系,達560余種(zhong)。自(zi)己培育的“賽雪塔”、“春(chun)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)嬌(jiao)艷”、“青龍鎮寶”、“似品(pin)(pin)(pin)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)”、“墨(mo)池爭輝(hui)”、“綠(lv)幕(mu)隱玉”“景玉”、“喬(qiao)子紅(hong)(hong)(hong)”、“曹(cao)州紅(hong)(hong)(hong)”、“向陽紅(hong)(hong)(hong)”、“百園(yuan)奇觀”、“萬花爭春(chun)”等(deng)35個品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong),珍(zhen)惜(xi)傳統品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)“姚黃(huang)”、“蘭寶石”、“梨(li)花雪”、“掌花案”等(deng),先后獲國家科技成(cheng)果《優(you)秀獎(jiang)》、《新品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)獎(jiang)》、《優(you)質獎(jiang)》27項(xiang)。培育的“八仙聚(ju)會”一株(zhu)多(duo)色,堪稱(cheng)一絕;引(yin)種(zhong)的數十種(zhong)日(ri)本牡(mu)丹(dan),色、香別(bie)具,爭放異(yi)彩。是世博會獲獎(jiang)較多(duo)的單位,被(bei)譽為“菏澤牡(mu)丹(dan)精品(pin)(pin)(pin)園(yuan)”。曹(cao)州百花園(yuan)集國內(nei)外(wai)觀賞芍(shao)藥優(you)良品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)300余個,八色俱全(quan),“黃(huang)金輪(lun)”、“紅(hong)(hong)(hong)銀針”、“菊(ju)峰(feng)”、“楊妃出(chu)浴”等(deng)皆為芍(shao)藥中之珍(zhen)品(pin)(pin)(pin)。
百(bai)(bai)花(hua)(hua)園內現存明(ming)代白牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)一株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)“玉翠荷花(hua)(hua)”,花(hua)(hua)粉色、荷花(hua)(hua)型,此花(hua)(hua)系明(ming)萬歷三十(shi)八年(nian)(1610)進士工部尚書(shu)何應(ying)瑞家(jia)花(hua)(hua)園培育。該(gai)(gai)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)高丈余,冠(guan)5米。每年(nian)著花(hua)(hua)達400余朵。目前(qian)為(wei)中國(guo)牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)中株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)型較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大,株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)齡較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)古(gu)老(lao)的牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)樹(shu)之王(wang)(wang)(wang)。觀賞(shang)者皆稱“牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)”。該(gai)(gai)園有百(bai)(bai)年(nian)高齡牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)百(bai)(bai)余多(duo)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),是(shi)中國(guo)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)的百(bai)(bai)年(nian)牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)群。
百花(hua)(hua)園獨占地利,牡(mu)丹(dan)開花(hua)(hua)早(zao)謝花(hua)(hua)遲(chi)。牡(mu)丹(dan)花(hua)(hua)開后,芍藥(yao)相(xiang)繼而開。園內(nei)(nei)集國(guo)內(nei)(nei)外觀賞芍藥(yao)優良(liang)品(pin)種300多個,八(ba)色(se)俱全(quan)。“楊妃(fei)出浴(yu)”、“學峰(feng)”、“紅艷飛霜”、“紫鳳朝陽”、“烏龍探海(hai)”、“西施粉”、“蘭花(hua)(hua)魁”、“五花(hua)(hua)龍玉”、“黃金絲”、“黃金輪”等,其色(se)、香、型與(yu)牡(mu)丹(dan)爭輝,皆為花(hua)(hua)中(zhong)珍品(pin)。該(gai)園芍藥(yao)種苗和鮮切花(hua)(hua),倍受全(quan)國(guo)各(ge)地和歐(ou)美各(ge)國(guo)青睞。
百花(hua)(hua)(hua)園內世(shi)界獨有(you)太(tai)(tai)空(kong)牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)——2002年(nian)9月栽植于山(shan)東菏澤曹州百花(hua)(hua)(hua)園的太(tai)(tai)空(kong)牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)種(zhong)子,2003年(nian)發芽,共存28株(zhu)活苗。2006年(nian),2株(zhu)太(tai)(tai)空(kong)牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)首(shou)度開(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua),比一般牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)開(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)提(ti)前了1至2年(nian)。2007年(nian),開(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)太(tai)(tai)空(kong)牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)增加到(dao)15株(zhu),開(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)30多朵。2008年(nian),開(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)太(tai)(tai)空(kong)牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)增加到(dao)20株(zhu)。與(yu)普(pu)通牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)相比,太(tai)(tai)空(kong)牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)表現出出土早、長勢強(qiang)、植株(zhu)生長快、枝干(gan)壯、開(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)早、花(hua)(hua)(hua)期長、色彩艷(yan)麗等特(te)點。
落(luo)戶中國牡丹(dan)(dan)之都(dou)菏澤百花(hua)園十年(nian)(nian),“太(tai)空牡丹(dan)(dan)”一直(zhi)備受關注(zhu)。4月19日(ri),曹州百花(hua)園內的(de)“太(tai)空牡丹(dan)(dan)”盛(sheng)開,眾(zhong)多游人駐足欣賞(shang)。牡丹(dan)(dan)專家孫景玉介紹(shao),經過十年(nian)(nian)的(de)呵護,“太(tai)空牡丹(dan)(dan)”已有50余(yu)株,今年(nian)(nian)首次花(hua)開700余(yu)朵,共八種(zhong)花(hua)色,目(mu)前已經進入(ru)盛(sheng)花(hua)期(qi),花(hua)期(qi)可持續至5月初。
“太空牡丹”2002年落戶我市后,一直由牡丹專家孫景玉精心培育。4月19日,記者來到曹州百花園,50余株“太空牡丹”花開迎賓,花色有白、紅、粉藍、紫紅、墨紫等八種。其中一株紫紅色系的“太空牡丹”,花瓣直徑超過20CM。孫景玉告訴記者,“太空牡丹”4月16日開花,19日進入盛花期,目前正是觀花的好時期。
據了解,2002年(nian)2月25日至(zhi)4月1日,200粒牡(mu)(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)種(zhong)(zhong)子搭載神州三號(hao)飛船進入太空,歷時6天零18小(xiao)時,繞(rao)地球飛行(xing)108圈,這是我國首次在失重條件下(xia)對牡(mu)(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)進行(xing)變異實(shi)驗(yan)。當年(nian)9月,這批種(zhong)(zhong)子播種(zhong)(zhong)于中國牡(mu)(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)之都菏澤曹州百花園(yuan)。為擴大“太空牡(mu)(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)”種(zhong)(zhong)植規模,2008年(nian)秋,牡(mu)(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)技(ji)術人員對長勢好(hao)、花型好(hao)、顏色好(hao)的(de)(de)四個品種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)20多株(zhu)“太空牡(mu)(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)”嫁接(jie)在其他牡(mu)(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)上,新嫁接(jie)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)成活22株(zhu),曹州百花園(yuan)里的(de)(de)“太空牡(mu)(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)”總(zong)數達50余株(zhu)。
“跟著飛船上(shang)太(tai)空(kong)轉了一圈,這牡(mu)丹有啥不(bu)一樣?”看到展示牌(pai)上(shang)的(de)介紹,游客詢問。孫景玉(yu)說,與普通(tong)(tong)牡(mu)丹相比(bi),“太(tai)空(kong)牡(mu)丹”表現(xian)出(chu)長勢強(qiang)、枝干壯、遺傳基因明顯等(deng)特點。正常牡(mu)丹栽(zai)種四至七年開花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),而“太(tai)空(kong)牡(mu)丹”栽(zai)種三年便有一株首(shou)度花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)開,比(bi)一般牡(mu)丹提前(qian)約兩年;“太(tai)空(kong)牡(mu)丹”的(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)徑(jing)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)蕾比(bi)同齡(ling)的(de)普通(tong)(tong)牡(mu)丹也要大(da),目前(qian)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)一株高1.2米(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)色比(bi)較(jiao)鮮艷,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期也比(bi)普通(tong)(tong)牡(mu)丹長幾天。