歷史沿革
相傳孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)的父親叔梁紇和母親顏征在登尼(ni)山(shan)祈禱而生孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi),后(hou)(hou)世(shi)以(yi)建廟(miao)(miao)奉(feng)(feng)祀。此廟(miao)(miao)初名為(wei)叔梁紇廟(miao)(miao)。唐《括(kuo)地志》載:“叔梁紇廟(miao)(miao)亦名尼(ni)丘(qiu)山(shan)祠,在兗(yan)州泗水(shui)縣五(wu)十(shi)(shi)里尼(ni)丘(qiu)山(shan)東址(zhi)”。五(wu)代(dai)后(hou)(hou)周顯德(公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)954—960年(nian)(nian)(nian))間,兗(yan)州太(tai)守趙侯于尼(ni)山(shan)再(zai)建廟(miao)(miao)奉(feng)(feng)祀,宋仁宗(zong)慶歷三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1043年(nian)(nian)(nian)),孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)四十(shi)(shi)六代(dai)孫(sun)(sun)、襲封(feng)文(wen)宣公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)宗(zong)愿“作新宮(gong)廟(miao)(miao)、有殿(dian)、有寢、有講堂、有學舍(原在廟(miao)(miao)西側,現已不存)、有祭田”,已成為(wei)主祀孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)的廟(miao)(miao)宇。金(jin)明(ming)昌五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1194年(nian)(nian)(nian)),以(yi)維修(xiu)(xiu)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)廟(miao)(miao)羨錢四千(qian)余貫,興工大修(xiu)(xiu)形制與今廟(miao)(miao)基本相同。元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)至(zhi)(zhi)順三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1332年(nian)(nian)(nian))孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)四代(dai)孫(sun)(sun)、衍(yan)(yan)圣公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)思晦(hui)上疏奏請重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu),元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)至(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1338年(nian)(nian)(nian))三月以(yi)廉坊僉事(shi)楊訥(ne)等捐資興工重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)建。元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)至(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)十(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1348年(nian)(nian)(nian))又增塑孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)及四配像(xiang)。明(ming)洪(hong)武十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1377年(nian)(nian)(nian))重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)。明(ming)永樂十(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1417年(nian)(nian)(nian)),五(wu)十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)代(dai)孫(sun)(sun)、衍(yan)(yan)圣公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)彥縉等“鼎新重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)建,正(zheng)殿(dian)三間,高廣如制。明(ming)弘治七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1494年(nian)(nian)(nian))、萬(wan)歷十(shi)(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1589年(nian)(nian)(nian))、清(qing)康熙十(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1674年(nian)(nian)(nian))、雍正(zheng)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1724年(nian)(nian)(nian))、乾隆二(er)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1755年(nian)(nian)(nian))多次維修(xiu)(xiu),部分建筑進行重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)建等。清(qing)道光(guang)二(er)十(shi)(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1846年(nian)(nian)(nian)),孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)七十(shi)(shi)四代(dai)孫(sun)(sun)、衍(yan)(yan)圣公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)繁灝上疏奏請重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)尼(ni)山(shan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)廟(miao)(miao),經皇帝同意,撥銀三萬(wan)一(yi)千(qian)五(wu)百余兩重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)。新中國成立后(hou)(hou),尼(ni)山(shan)建筑群(qun)的建筑、碑刻、古樹、環境受到(dao)充分的重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視、修(xiu)(xiu)繕(shan)和保護。
建筑群組成部分
尼(ni)山(shan)孔(kong)廟橫(heng)分(fen)三路,五(wu)進院落(luo),殿(dian)(dian)堂(tang)共計80余間。前(qian)為石構欞星門(men),門(men)前(qian)石橋旁建(jian)(jian)碑亭(ting),立有(you)(you)《重修(xiu)尼(ni)山(shan)孔(kong)子(zi)廟記》碑。門(men)前(qian)東(dong)(dong)側(ce)臨崖處,相傳孔(kong)子(zi)在(zai)此觀五(wu)川匯流(liu),有(you)(you)后(hou)人建(jian)(jian)木(mu)構“觀川亭(ting)”。《論(lun)語》載:“子(zi)在(zai)川上曰,逝者如斯(si)夫,不(bu)舍晝夜!”即是此地。觀川亭(ting)東(dong)(dong)側(ce)崖下有(you)(you)“坤靈洞(dong)”,因孔(kong)子(zi)在(zai)此降生(sheng),故稱“夫子(zi)洞(dong)”。大成殿(dian)(dian)5間,單檐歇山(shan),頂(ding)覆(fu)黃琉(liu)璃瓦(wa),雖系清代(dai)重建(jian)(jian),仍保留元代(dai)木(mu)結構風格(ge)。東(dong)(dong)西兩廡(wu)各(ge)5間,寢(qin)殿(dian)(dian)5間,東(dong)(dong)路有(you)(you)講堂(tang)、照壁,土(tu)地祠。西路有(you)(you)啟(qi)圣殿(dian)(dian),祀(si)(si)孔(kong)子(zi)父叔梁(liang)紇。后(hou)為寢(qin)殿(dian)(dian),祀(si)(si)孔(kong)母顏氏。毓(yu)圣侯祠位(wei)于中路北部,奉(feng)祀(si)(si)尼(ni)山(shan)神。尼(ni)山(shan)書院在(zai)廟東(dong)(dong)北百(bai)余米處,周圍恒墻,書院大門(men)南向,院內(nei)有(you)(you)正(zheng)房5間,五(wu)稟四柱前(qian)后(hou)廊(lang)式木(mu)架(jia),灰瓦(wa)硬山(shan)頂(ding),東(dong)(dong)西廂房各(ge)5間。系當年(nian)講學授(shou)業和紀念孔(kong)子(zi)的處所(suo)。整座建(jian)(jian)筑群占地約1.6公(gong)頃,有(you)(you)殿(dian)(dian)、堂(tang)、祠、亭(ting)等(deng)大小(xiao)建(jian)(jian)筑27座,81間,建(jian)(jian)筑面積1700平方米。
保護單位級別
尼(ni)山孔廟1977年(nian)被(bei)(bei)公布為(wei)山東省文物(wu)保護單(dan)(dan)(dan)位,2006年(nian)被(bei)(bei)公布為(wei)全(quan)國重點文物(wu)保護單(dan)(dan)(dan)位,2007年(nian)作為(wei)“三孔遺(yi)產(chan)地擴展項目(mu)”列入國家世界遺(yi)產(chan)預備名單(dan)(dan)(dan)。
尼山孔廟的建筑
欞星門
尼山孔廟(miao)的(de)第一(yi)道大門為欞(ling)星(xing)門(意與闕里廟(miao)之門相(xiang)同)。清(qing)道光二十七年(nian)(nian)(公元1847年(nian)(nian))修廟(miao)時添建,三間四柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),為八(ba)角柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),前(qian)后有(you)石(shi)鼓夾抱(bao),柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)出云朵,首飾蓮花(hua)座。中二柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頂(ding)刻(ke)圓雕(diao)石(shi)獅,傍二柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頂(ding)刻(ke)花(hua)瓶。明間陰刻(ke)“欞(ling)星(xing)門”三字(zi),上(shang)刻(ke)火焰寶珠。坊兩(liang)側(ce)建有(you)八(ba)字(zi)墻。欞(ling)星(xing)門下西側(ce)有(you)石(shi)碑并亭一(yi)座,采用現代水泥結構,石(shi)碑記敘了(le)郭禎祥捐(juan)款(kuan)修廟(miao)的(de)經過。
觀川亭
觀(guan)川(chuan)(chuan)亭(ting)(ting)位于(yu)大(da)成門前的(de)第一進院落,在此(ci)院落的(de)東(dong)南角。亭(ting)(ting)始(shi)建(jian)于(yu)金明昌五年(nian)(公(gong)元1194年(nian)),今(jin)存清代建(jian)筑。觀(guan)川(chuan)(chuan)亭(ting)(ting)東(dong)臨沂(yi)水,下臨懸崖,相傳為孔子觀(guan)川(chuan)(chuan)、感嘆時光奔馳不返的(de)地方(fang)。取《論語·子罕》載(zai)“子在川(chuan)(chuan)上(shang)曰:‘逝者如斯夫(fu),不舍晝(zhou)夜(ye)’”語命名為觀(guan)川(chuan)(chuan)亭(ting)(ting),毛(mao)澤(ze)東(dong)主席曾引用(yong)此(ci)句。今(jin)亭(ting)(ting)為方(fang)形,木架無斗拱,單(dan)檐灰歇山頂。
大成門
此(ci)門(men)為三間(jian)三門(men),單(dan)檐黃瓦(wa)硬山頂,無斗拱。始建(jian)于宋代,歷經金、元(yuan)、明、清數代修復(fu),現存(cun)為清被建(jian)筑。
大成殿
此殿(dian)(dian)為尼山孔(kong)廟的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)建筑,是祭祀孔(kong)子(zi)的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要場(chang)所。殿(dian)(dian)始(shi)建于宋(song)慶歷三年(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1403年(nian)(nian)),金、元(yuan)、明、清多次重(zhong)修,現存(cun)為清道(dao)光年(nian)(nian)間重(zhong)修。殿(dian)(dian)五間,單檐黃瓦歇山頂,檐下有(you)斗拱(gong),前檐柱為石質(zhi),八(ba)角形,每面均為淺刻小幅云龍(long)。殿(dian)(dian)內供奉孔(kong)子(zi)及(ji)四配(pei),神龕及(ji)塑像(xiang)為1989年(nian)(nian)復制,原(yuan)像(xiang)等(deng)在(zai)“文革”初(chu)期(qi)被毀(hui)。殿(dian)(dian)前有(you)元(yuan)代石幢,記載了(le)當時的(de)修廟、祀廟的(de)歷史(shi)情況。
兩廡
東西兩廡(wu)各(ge)五間,前(qian)為(wei)廊(lang),無斗拱,單檐灰(hui)瓦懸山頂。原(yuan)為(wei)金代建筑,1978年(nian)維修時重(zhong)建東廡(wu),大修西廡(wu),為(wei)供奉孔子七(qi)十二賢弟子的地方,原(yuan)神龕及木主(zhu)牌位在(zai)“文革”初期被(bei)毀,1989年(nian)重(zhong)新復制。
寢殿
此殿(dian)(dian)在大成殿(dian)(dian)之后,是(shi)祭祀(si)孔子夫(fu)人(ren)亓官氏的地方。始建于宋代,殿(dian)(dian)五間,前(qian)出(chu)廊,無(wu)斗拱,單(dan)檐黃瓦懸山頂(ding)。殿(dian)(dian)內供奉孔子夫(fu)人(ren)神牌位,1989年復制神龕。
東西廂房
寢殿(dian)(dian)前(qian)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)各(ge)有三間廂(xiang)房,前(qian)出廊,無斗(dou)拱,單檐灰瓦懸(xuan)山頂。兩廂(xiang)房是祭祀孔(kong)子之(zhi)(zhi)子孔(kong)鯉、之(zhi)(zhi)孫孔(kong)伋(ji)的場所(suo)(suo)。因孔(kong)鯉、孔(kong)伋(ji)在宋崇寧元年(nian)(公元1102年(nian))被(bei)追封為“泗(si)水(shui)(shui)侯(hou)”及“沂水(shui)(shui)侯(hou)”,所(suo)(suo)以(yi)東(dong)(dong)為泗(si)水(shui)(shui)侯(hou)殿(dian)(dian),西(xi)為沂水(shui)(shui)侯(hou)殿(dian)(dian)。
講堂
講堂在廟的(de)(de)東路,是(shi)祭祀(si)孔(kong)子之前(qian)的(de)(de)齋(zhai)所(suo),也(ye)是(shi)用來講授經典的(de)(de)地方。堂為三間,前(qian)出廊,無斗(dou)拱,單檐灰瓦(wa)懸山頂(ding)。堂始建(jian)(jian)于宋天歷(li)年間,今(jin)存為清代(dai)重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)。
土地祠
講堂后為(wei)土地(di)祠,一間,灰瓦(wa)懸山頂,前(qian)有照壁,是用來祭祀尼山土地(di)神的(de)地(di)方(因孔子生(sheng)于尼山,得到土地(di)神的(de)保護,使之(zhi)成為(wei)圣人)。祠為(wei)清(qing)道光年間重修廟(miao)時添建(jian)。
毓圣侯祠
其祠在西路的東(dong)南(nan)角,三間(jian)(jian),前出廊,無斗拱,單檐灰瓦懸(xuan)山頂。宋仁宗(zong)皇佑(you)三年(公(gong)元(yuan)1051年),封(feng)尼山神(shen)為毓圣侯(因孔(kong)子(zi)生(sheng)于此,得到尼山神(shen)的保(bao)佑(you)),建(jian)祠祭祀(si),現存建(jian)筑(zhu)為清道光年間(jian)(jian)修廟時重(zhong)建(jian)。
啟圣王殿
啟(qi)圣(sheng)王(wang)是奉祀孔子之父叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)梁(liang)紇的場所,因叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)梁(liang)紇于(yu)元至順元年(公元1330年)被加贈為“啟(qi)圣(sheng)王(wang)”而得名。此殿(dian)始于(yu)唐(原年代不祥(xiang)),原為叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)梁(liang)紇廟(miao),也(ye)叫尼丘山(shan)祠,五代擴(kuo)建時改(gai)為專祀叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)梁(liang)紇。后經歷代重(zhong)修,現存為清初(chu)建筑,殿(dian)五間(jian),前出廊,無(wu)斗拱(gong),單檐(yan)綠瓦歇(xie)山(shan)頂。殿(dian)前面有三門,名為啟(qi)圣(sheng)門。
啟圣王寢殿
此(ci)殿是奉祀(si)孔子母親顏征在的場(chang)所,建筑(zhu)年代(dai),形制同啟圣王殿相(xiang)同,單檐綠瓦歇(xie)山(shan)頂。
神皰
神(shen)皰位(wei)于廟的最后部,是用來置備(bei)祭品的場所,初建于金代,今存為清道光年間建筑(zhu)。正房三(san)間,西廂房二(er)間,均(jun)為灰瓦硬山頂(ding)。
尼山書院
尼(ni)山孔(kong)廟(miao)之后便是書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)。書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)是儒家學(xue)者(zhe)主(zhu)講的地(di)方,書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)之名始于(yu)唐代,書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)制度形(xing)成于(yu)宋代。書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)持(chi)人(ren)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)洞主(zhu)、山長(chang)(chang)、堂長(chang)(chang)、院(yuan)(yuan)長(chang)(chang)、教授等職名,各個朝代不同。尼(ni)山書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)設(she)學(xue)長(chang)(chang)管理(li),為(wei)(wei)(wei)正八品,書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)以《四書(shu)(shu)》、《五經》為(wei)(wei)(wei)基本(ben)教材,為(wei)(wei)(wei)一地(di)方的教育中心(xin),為(wei)(wei)(wei)著名學(xue)者(zhe)研討學(xue)問的勝地(di)。在尼(ni)山孔(kong)廟(miao)后設(she)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan),因孔(kong)子是歷代尊崇的文化圣人(ren),以示(shi)在此(ci)設(she)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)最(zui)有意義。尼(ni)山書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)正房(fang)三間(jian),前出廊,無斗拱,灰瓦懸(xuan)山頂;東西各有廂(xiang)房(fang)三間(jian),東廂(xiang)之南有茶房(fang)兩間(jian),均為(wei)(wei)(wei)灰瓦硬山頂;大門一間(jian),灰瓦歇山頂。門前東側(ce)有元代刻制的尼(ni)山書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)石碑。
尼山書院(yuan)始建(jian)于宋(song)慶歷三年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1043年(nian)(nian)),原址在(zai)廟的西側(ce)。金明昌五年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1194年(nian)(nian))移于今處,后經多次重修,今存為明代建(jian)筑。明朝(chao)孔子六十孫孔承(cheng)慶(早(zao)卒,明景(jing)泰六年(nian)(nian),公(gong)元(yuan)1455年(nian)(nian)追贈衍圣公(gong))曾有詩曰(yue):“盤石垂蘿何處家,山深茅屋隔煙霞。幽人讀罷無余事,紗帽籠頭自(zi)煮茶”。似此幽雅清靜的仙境,真是讀書講學難(nan)得(de)的好地(di)方(fang)。
夫子洞(坤靈洞)
夫(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)洞(dong)相傳為(wei)(wei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)出生處,位于(yu)觀川亭(ting)的山(shan)崖下。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)父親叔(shu)梁紇為(wei)(wei)魯國陬(zou)邑大(da)夫(fu)(fu),娶(qu)顏(yan)(yan)征(zheng)在(zai)為(wei)(wei)妻,征(zheng)在(zai)母(mu)家(jia)在(zai)尼山(shan)東南的顏(yan)(yan)母(mu)莊。至于(yu)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)什么能在(zai)洞(dong)中(zhong)呢?有(you)兩種(zhong)說法;一(yi)說顏(yan)(yan)征(zheng)在(zai)祈禱尼山(shan)神(shen)后,回家(jia)時便臨(lin)產(chan)(chan),將(jiang)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)于(yu)洞(dong)中(zhong);一(yi)說孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)生來(lai)丑(chou)陋,其母(mu)將(jiang)其遺棄,天氣炎熱,雕用其翅膀(bang)扇涼。坤靈洞(dong)始見(jian)于(yu)金正大(da)四年(nian)(公(gong)元1227年(nian))成書(shu)的孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)元措《孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氏祖庭廣記(ji)》圖中(zhong),刻(ke)(ke)有(you)洞(dong)名,為(wei)(wei)金代的進士劉曄(ye)所(suo)刻(ke)(ke)。元至元三十一(yi)年(nian)(公(gong)元1294年(nian)),司居敬刻(ke)(ke)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)像(xiang),置于(yu)洞(dong)中(zhong),后為(wei)(wei)戰亂所(suo)毀(hui),洞(dong)因被水淤塞(sai)已滿(man),1978年(nian)清理重修,1983年(nian)由山(shan)東省省長李予昂題刻(ke)(ke)“夫(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)洞(dong)”石碑,2009年(nian)新(xin)建圍墻護之。
尼山孔廟的文物價值
尼(ni)山(shan)是(shi)孔子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出生(sheng)地,在儒家學派(pai)和(he)封建(jian)士大(da)夫心目中是(shi)中國(guo)傳統文(wen)化(hua)(hua)學術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)泰山(shan)北(bei)斗,深受(shou)景仰。由(you)漢至清(qing)受(shou)到歷(li)(li)代(dai)(dai)封建(jian)王朝的(de)(de)(de)(de)重視(shi)。因其(qi)鐘(zhong)靈毓圣之功,宋代(dai)(dai)封尼(ni)山(shan)為毓圣侯,并建(jian)祠奉(feng)祀,規格等同四瀆。尼(ni)山(shan)孔廟是(shi)封建(jian)社會尊(zun)孔讀經、崇(chong)德報功的(de)(de)(de)(de)產物,也是(shi)我國(guo)古代(dai)(dai)教(jiao)育(yu)體(ti)制中廟學合(he)一的(de)(de)(de)(de)典型建(jian)筑。尼(ni)山(shan)建(jian)筑群雖經歷(li)(li)代(dai)(dai)興(xing)衰(shuai),依然保(bao)持了(le)頑強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命力(li),這和(he)歷(li)(li)代(dai)(dai)統治者尊(zun)孔崇(chong)儒的(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)導(dao)思想是(shi)密不可(ke)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)。尼(ni)山(shan)孔廟是(shi)華(hua)夏民族一個漫長的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史時(shi)期(qi)思想文(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)遺跡(ji)和(he)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)淵源的(de)(de)(de)(de)載體(ti),有著(zhu)較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史和(he)藝術(shu)價值,更有著(zhu)深刻的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)內涵(han)。