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建設歷史

據對現存(cun)的殘碑記(ji)載和《永寧州志》之(zhi)(zhi)考證，北(bei)武當(dang)山(shan)(shan)在唐(tang)代以前就(jiu)已形成一(yi)處具有(you)道教色彩的朝拜圣地，山(shan)(shan)頂建有(you)玄天大(da)殿(dian)。關帝山(shan)(shan)國(guo)家森(sen)林公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)建于(yu)1992年，是山(shan)(shan)西省(sheng)(sheng)第一(yi)批興建的國(guo)家級森(sen)林公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)。公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內的白馬仙(xian)洞(dong)景(jing)區(qu)于(yu)2000年11月7日經國(guo)家林業局(ju)批準建立，是關帝山(shan)(shan)國(guo)家森(sen)林公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)九(jiu)大(da)景(jing)區(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)，屬山(shan)(shan)西省(sheng)(sheng)離石旅游區(qu)著名景(jing)點。

地理環境

位置

關帝山國家森林公(gong)園(yuan)位于古老的呂梁山中(zhong)段(duan)，跨文水、交城、離石、方(fang)山、古交、婁煩六個市縣。由三(san)道川、果老峰(feng)、龐泉溝、三(san)座(zuo)崖、北(bei)(bei)武(wu)當(dang)山、陽圪(ge)臺(tai)、白馬(ma)仙(xian)洞、原平川、云頂山九個景區組成。總(zong)面積76135。4公(gong)頃(qing)，森林覆蓋率高(gao)達75%以上，園(yuan)內主峰(feng)孝(xiao)文山，海(hai)拔2831米，北(bei)(bei)魏(wei)孝(xiao)文帝登(deng)過此山而(er)得(de)名，是華(hua)北(bei)(bei)第二高(gao)峰(feng)。

氣候

公園內(nei)四季分明，氣(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)和(he)，屬溫(wen)(wen)帶大陸(lu)性氣(qi)(qi)候。

自然資源

公園(yuan)內動植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源豐富，生(sheng)長的植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多達870多種，主(zhu)要(yao)樹種有(you)油松(song)(song)、遼東(dong)櫟、山楊、白樺、華北落葉松(song)(song)、醋柳(liu)、側柏、云杉等。從海拔1300米的東(dong)大門至2831米的主(zhu)峰(feng)，森林植(zhi)(zhi)被形成(cheng)了由不同樹種和其他植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)構成(cheng)的明(ming)顯垂直景(jing)觀帶(dai)。關帝山國(guo)家森林公園(yuan)也是(shi)野生(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)的天堂(tang)，棲息繁衍著脊椎動物(wu)(wu)(wu)237種，其中(zhong)以鳥類和獸類居多，如褐(he)馬雞、金(jin)錢豹、原麝、金(jin)雕(diao)、鴛鴦(yang)、黑鸛、蒼鷹、黃(huang)腹山雀等。此外還有(you)無脊椎動物(wu)(wu)(wu)1100多種。

公園蘊(yun)藏著豐富的自(zi)然(ran)資源。在臥牛坪每公頃林木(mu)蓄積最高達700余立方米。居(ju)華北之(zhi)冠。植物有(you)870余種，世界珍禽--山(shan)西省(sheng)省(sheng)鳥褐馬雞就棲息在稠密的灌木(mu)叢中。

景點景觀

北武當山景區

北武當山(shan)(shan)又名(ming)真武山(shan)(shan)，又稱龍王(wang)山(shan)(shan)，位于山(shan)(shan)西省呂梁地區的(de)方(fang)山(shan)(shan)縣境內(nei)，呂梁山(shan)(shan)脈中段。北武當山(shan)(shan)風(feng)景(jing)名(ming)勝區由72峰(feng)、36崖、24澗、20奇(qi)松、48怪石組成，主峰(feng)香爐(lu)峰(feng)，海拔2254米，總面積約6298.3公頃。它集“雄、奇(qi)、險、秀”于—身(shen)，素有“三晉第一(yi)名(ming)山(shan)(shan)”之稱系中國北方(fang)道教圣地之一(yi)。

北武(wu)當(dang)小主峰四周(zhou)幾(ji)乎都是陡壁懸崖，只(zhi)有—條人造“天(tian)(tian)梯”可(ke)攀。來到(dao)山腳下，過五里黃土五里沙路，便(bian)是1400余級就壁鑿筑的石(shi)(shi)階(jie)(jie)，凡險(xian)峻之處(chu)，設有鐵索扶(fu)手。石(shi)(shi)階(jie)(jie)—線疊置，從(cong)下仰視，宛如“天(tian)(tian)梯”。游(you)人攀登，每一(yi)步都可(ke)仿佛聽到(dao)悠揚頓挫的“石(shi)(shi)音”，形成(cheng)獨(du)特的“石(shi)(shi)樂”絕(jue)景。沿著石(shi)(shi)階(jie)(jie)，奇松異石(shi)(shi)，廟宇(yu)石(shi)(shi)刻，淹沒在蓊(weng)郁(yu)的山林植(zhi)被之中(zhong)，相間點綴相映成(cheng)趣。主要的山石(shi)(shi)景觀有：古猿望(wang)日、石(shi)(shi)豬(zhu)受難、九龍出洞、石(shi)(shi)象守山、天(tian)(tian)壺傾露、石(shi)(shi)羊朝圣、石(shi)(shi)龜(gui)下蛋、石(shi)(shi)虎、石(shi)(shi)蛤蟆、龜(gui)蛇斗智等。

主(zhu)要的奇松(song)景觀有：鴛鴦松(song)、迎客松(song)、托(tuo)天(tian)松(song)，母(mu)子松(song)等(deng)(deng)。最使人嘆為(wei)(wei)觀止的是(shi)“擎天(tian)探(tan)海松(song)”，其松(song)立于(yu)石階半道，樹身(shen)枝分兩杈(cha)，—權刺向青天(tian)，—權橫瞰群(qun)峰。主(zhu)要的懸(xuan)崖(ya)峭壁(bi)有：千(qian)仞壁(bi)、舍身(shen)壁(bi)、鷹嘴崖(ya)等(deng)(deng)。呈(cheng)垂直分布的植(zhi)被，其色(se)彩(cai)和花色(se)隨季節變化。主(zhu)要建筑有：萬神廟(miao)(miao)(miao)、靈官(guan)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)、山神土地廟(miao)(miao)(miao)、二龍(long)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)、喬(qiao)松(song)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)、三官(guan)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)、火神廟(miao)(miao)(miao)、龍(long)王廟(miao)(miao)(miao)、黑虎(hu)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)、玄(xuan)天(tian)大(da)殿和太和宮等(deng)(deng)。北(bei)武(wu)當(dang)(dang)山風(feng)景區開放(fang)以來，先后(hou)有許德珩、啟功、周而復、力毅(yi)、臧克家、溥杰、馮其庸(yong)、王朝瑞、吳冠中等(deng)(deng)名人學者，題(ti)詞作畫(hua)，留下千(qian)古(gu)佳作，更添武(wu)當(dang)(dang)風(feng)采。每年(nian)農歷三月初(chu)一(yi)至初(chu)三，為(wei)(wei)北(bei)武(wu)當(dang)(dang)山古(gu)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)會期(qi)。據史載，唐(tang)朝時就“時朝山進香者年(nian)復一(yi)年(nian)，久盛不(bu)衰”。

白馬仙洞景區

白馬仙(xian)(xian)(xian)洞(dong)(dong)景(jing)區位于(yu)離石市吳城鎮王營莊村(cun)附近，總面積800公頃(qing)。景(jing)區座落于(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個歷史悠久、具有(you)(you)神奇傳(chuan)說和(he)神秘(mi)色彩的洞(dong)(dong)溝(gou)(gou)深處(chu)，景(jing)區內有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座山(shan)(shan)(shan)，勢如(ru)鳳凰之(zhi)翼，形勝冠(guan)絕，名九風山(shan)(shan)(shan)。此山(shan)(shan)(shan)危峰峭聳、怪(guai)柏(bo)蒼松、鳥鳴獸嘯、祥云紫霧、氣(qi)象萬(wan)千。與(yu)其(qi)相(xiang)對的韓(han)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)掌(zhang)和(he)起(qi)云山(shan)(shan)(shan)海拔分別為1850米(mi)、1941米(mi)。遠(yuan)看碧波萬(wan)頃(qing)、松濤陣(zhen)陣(zhen)。鳳凰山(shan)(shan)(shan)、起(qi)云山(shan)(shan)(shan)、韓(han)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)掌(zhang)是(shi)景(jing)區內三個主峰，登(deng)高遠(yuan)望，仙(xian)(xian)(xian)云繞綠林(lin)、仙(xian)(xian)(xian)洞(dong)(dong)吐紫氣(qi)、游(you)君(jun)如(ru)身臨仙(xian)(xian)(xian)境。韓(han)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)掌(zhang)下，密林(lin)深溝(gou)(gou)中(zhong)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)巨石，石后(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)漲清(qing)澈的泉水(shui)是(shi)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)馬飲水(shui)之(zhi)泉，泉水(shui)輕輕，四(si)季長(chang)流，稱為“圣靈泉”。景(jing)區內還有(you)(you)長(chang)春(chun)巖、快活林(lin)、九龍古(gu)櫟、孔雀松、三仙(xian)(xian)(xian)松等多(duo)處(chu)勝景(jing)。

白(bai)馬(ma)仙(xian)(xian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)景(jing)區最(zui)主要的景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)即白(bai)馬(ma)仙(xian)(xian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，此洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)位于九鳳山(shan)的山(shan)腰蔥郁茂(mao)密的松林(lin)中(zhong)，古(gu)(gu)(gu)碑記(ji)(ji)述：“蓋聞天下(xia)名山(shan)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，富麗(li)清幽寥闊(kuo)而(er)(er)(er)奇(qi)絕者多(duo)矣，未(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)若石郡鳳凰山(shan)、白(bai)馬(ma)仙(xian)(xian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)之最(zui)焉，”唐之初有(you)(you)(you)(you)黑白(bai)二馬(ma)出(chu)入洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)府，號白(bai)馬(ma)仙(xian)(xian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。據地(di)(di)質和文物(wu)專家對其全面勘探發現該(gai)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)屬柳林(lin)泉城，地(di)(di)質絕對年齡約 1.4億年，洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)口至洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)底(di)長約500米(mi)(mi)，洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)口與洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)底(di)相對高(gao)差168米(mi)(mi)，稱之為(wei)(wei)“華(hua)北第一(yi)(yi)險(xian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)套洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、景(jing)中(zhong)生景(jing)，具有(you)(you)(you)(you)深而(er)(er)(er)險(xian)、險(xian)而(er)(er)(er)奇(qi)的特色，洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)懸空(kong)石，水簾(lian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)由(you)高(gao)瀉(xie)下(xia)，珍(zhen)珠山(shan)琳瑯(lang)滿目，三仙(xian)(xian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)如入仙(xian)(xian)境、跑馬(ma)灘寬闊(kuo)奇(qi)險(xian)共二十五(wu)處天然造(zao)形。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)外有(you)(you)(you)(you)歷代(dai)古(gu)(gu)(gu)建筑和古(gu)(gu)(gu)碑矗(chu)立四周。古(gu)(gu)(gu)建筑遺址(zhi)和石碑完好，字(zi)跡清晰，據記(ji)(ji)載(zai)歷代(dai)建有(you)(you)(you)(you)“淵濟閣”、 “洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)陽觀(guan)(guan)”、 “圣母殿”等七處古(gu)(gu)(gu)建筑。傳說(shuo)此洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)遠古(gu)(gu)(gu)黃帝(di)(di)之別宮(gong)，周朝得道仙(xian)(xian)翁赤松子煉(lian)丹(dan)之所，當地(di)(di)祈雨之圣靈地(di)(di)。為(wei)(wei)此，白(bai)馬(ma)仙(xian)(xian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)是一(yi)(yi)處有(you)(you)(you)(you)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)皇(huang)帝(di)(di)鉆過(guo)的洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)別于任(ren)何其它溶洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的一(yi)(yi)大歷史特色和文化特色。

云頂山景區

云頂(ding)山(shan)位(wei)于公園東北側(ce)、海(hai)拔 2670米，是(shi)公園內第二(er)高(gao)峰(feng)。云頂(ding)山(shan)上有(you)一片(pian)廣(guang)闊平坦的(de)(de)亞高(gao)山(shan)草(cao)甸(dian)。稱為四十(shi)里跑馬營，相(xiang)傳孝文帝在此早觀日出，晚送夕(xi)(xi)陽，午乘駿馬射獵。距森(sen)林公園2干米處，有(you)塊(kuai)天(tian)然(ran)巨石形似一頭(tou)臥著的(de)(de)雄獅(shi)，周圍是(shi)翠綠的(de)(de)油松和楊樹、綠灌叢(cong)生，花草(cao)滿地，石獅(shi)迎(ying)著西下的(de)(de)夕(xi)(xi)陽。天(tian)門山(shan)位(wei)于八(ba)道溝(gou)、此處森(sen)林茂密(mi)，奇峰(feng)突起、怪石嶙峋。

旅游指南

交通路線

線路1：北京503公里－太原187公里－呂梁地

線路2：石家莊221公里－太原187公里－呂梁地區關帝山(shan)國家森林公園