公孫姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing):漢族復(fu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之一。據傳,源于5000多(duo)年前的華(hua)夏時代(dai),是中國(guo)最古老的姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)之一。在(zai)《百家姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)》中排名第(di)428位。在(zai)2007年全國(guo)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)人口排名第(di)300位以外。
春秋時期,各國(guo)(guo)諸侯不論(lun)爵位大小,多喜歡稱(cheng)公。按照周朝(chao)制(zhi)度,國(guo)(guo)君一般由嫡長子(zi)繼位,即位前稱(cheng)為太子(zi),其他的(de)兒(er)子(zi)便(bian)稱(cheng)為公子(zi),公子(zi)的(de)兒(er)子(zi)則稱(cheng)公孫(sun)。他們(men)的(de)后代便(bian)有不少(shao)人便(bian)以公孫(sun)為姓。
《通志(zhi)》載:"公(gong)孫氏,春秋時(shi)諸侯之孫,亦以為(wei)氏者(zhe),曰公(gong)孫氏,皆貴(gui)族之稱。或跟黃帝姓(xing)公(gong)孫,因(yin)以為(wei)氏。”
公孫(Gōng sūn)姓,源出有(you)二(er):
源于身份(fen)(fen),出自兩周時(shi)期各諸侯國(guo)王族(zu)的(de)后(hou)裔,屬于以貴胄身份(fen)(fen)稱(cheng)謂(wei)為氏(shi)。春秋時(shi)期,各國(guo)諸侯不論爵(jue)位(wei)大小,多有被稱(cheng)為“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”者(zhe)。按周王朝的(de)典禮制度(du),國(guo)君一般由嫡(di)長子(zi)繼位(wei),即位(wei)前稱(cheng)為太子(zi),其他的(de)兒(er)子(zi)便稱(cheng)為公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)的(de)兒(er)子(zi)則稱(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)。在這些公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)的(de)后(hou)裔子(zi)孫(sun)(sun)中,有許(xu)多人便以身份(fen)(fen)稱(cheng)謂(wei)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)”為姓氏(shi)者(zhe),稱(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏(shi),因此(ci),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)并非一族(zu)一姓的(de)后(hou)人。
出自姬姓(xing)(xing),黃帝姬軒轅的(de)(de)(de)(de)后裔有(you)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)氏。最初(chu)出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)氏是在上古時(shi)(shi)期(qi)。據(ju)《路史(shi)》載:“神農(nong)同母(mu)弟勖,嗣少典國(guo)君(jun),世為(wei)(wei)(wei)諸侯(hou),后以公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)姓(xing)(xing)。軒轅帝初(chu)名公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun),后改姬。”所(suo)有(you)他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)后代里,有(you)部分姓(xing)(xing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun),稱公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)氏。在春秋(qiu)時(shi)(shi),各(ge)國(guo)各(ge)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)諸侯(hou),大多喜歡被稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”。以當時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制度,國(guo)君(jun)將(jiang)由國(guo)君(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)嫡系長子(zi)(zi)繼承。正(zheng)式登基前(qian),應先立為(wei)(wei)(wei)太子(zi)(zi),此時(shi)(shi)其他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兒子(zi)(zi)將(jiang)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi),同時(shi)(shi)諸侯(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兒子(zi)(zi)也是公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi),而公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兒子(zi)(zi)就是公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)。這(zhe)些公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)后代為(wei)(wei)(wei)突(tu)出祖(zu)出祖(zu)先曾有(you)過的(de)(de)(de)(de)皇(huang)室血(xue)統,就改姓(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)。這(zhe)樣(yang),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一種姓(xing)(xing)氏的(de)(de)(de)(de)榮譽而流傳甚廣。此時(shi)(shi)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)姓(xing)(xing)氏來源就五花八門,不一而足了(le)。故公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)氏的(de)(de)(de)(de)始祖(zu)是黃帝軒轅。
這在史(shi)籍《廣韻》中有記(ji)載(zai):“古(gu)封公(gong)(gong)之后(hou),皆(jie)自稱公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun),故(gu)其姓(xing)多,非(fei)一族也。”又據(ju)史(shi)籍《通(tong)志》記(ji)載(zai):“公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏(shi),春秋時諸(zhu)侯之孫(sun)(sun),亦以為氏(shi)者,曰公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏(shi),皆(jie)貴族之稱。或眼黃帝姓(xing)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun),因以為氏(shi)。”
存疑:黃帝姬姓,不可(ke)能姓公孫(sun)
黃(huang)帝(di)姓公孫的說法(fa)主要來源于《史記(ji)(ji)(ji)·五(wu)帝(di)本(ben)紀》,而早于《史記(ji)(ji)(ji)》的《國語(yu)·晉語(yu)》卻記(ji)(ji)(ji)載:“黃(huang)帝(di)以(yi)姬水(shui)(今陜甘的渭(wei)、湟之間)成(cheng),炎(yan)帝(di)以(yi)姜水(shui)(經岐山、扶風、武功入渭(wei)之岐水(shui))成(cheng),故黃(huang)帝(di)為姬,炎(yan)帝(di)為姜。“
《史記》記載:“黃帝二十五子,其得姓者十四人。”
《國語·晉語》謂(wei)十四人實有(you)十二姓,即姬、酉、祁、己、滕(teng)、葴、任、荀、僖(xi)、姞、儇、衣。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)青(qing)陽與夷(yi)鼓同(tong)為己姓,玄囂與蒼林(lin)同(tong)為姬姓。十四個(ge)兒子(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)并無姓公孫(sun)者。兒子(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)沒有(you)姓公孫(sun)的,那(nei)么(me)孫(sun)子(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)會有(you)么(me)?
清崔述《補上古(gu)考(kao)信錄》指(zhi)出:“公孫是公之孫,上古(gu)時(shi)無此(ci)(公孫)稱。”
黃(huang)帝是少(shao)典的(de)兒子,姓(xing)(xing)(xing)公孫(sun),名軒(xuan)轅。傳說是神農的(de)同父異母弟:“嗣少(shao)典國君,世為諸(zhu)侯”,在他的(de)后代(dai)中,就有(you)(you)人以(yi)公孫(sun)為姓(xing)(xing)(xing)。黃(huang)帝軒(xuan)轅氏曾姓(xing)(xing)(xing)過(guo)“公孫(sun)”,后來改成姬姓(xing)(xing)(xing),所有(you)(you)他的(de)后代(dai)里,有(you)(you)部分(fen)(fen)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)公孫(sun),另有(you)(you)部分(fen)(fen)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)姬,再有(you)(you)少(shao)數以(yi)軒(xuan)轅為姓(xing)(xing)(xing)。
漢(han)魏(wei)時期遼東公孫氏世家(jia):
第一代:公孫延
第二代:公孫度
第三(san)代(dai):公(gong)孫康、公(gong)孫恭
第四代:公孫(sun)晃(huang)、公孫(sun)淵(yuan)
第五代:公孫修
公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)氏(shi)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)個古(gu)老(lao)的(de)(de)漢族姓氏(shi),但人口(kou)總(zong)數在(zai)中(zhong)國的(de)(de)大(da)陸和臺灣省均未列(lie)入(ru)百家姓前三百位(wei),在(zai)宋版《百家姓》中(zhong)排序為(wei)第四百二十九位(wei)門閥。公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)一(yi)姓源(yuan)遠流(liu)長,據《路史》上(shang)記(ji)載,軒轅氏(shi)初(chu)姓公(gong)(gong)孫(sun),后改(gai)姓姬。由(you)此看來(lai),“公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)”一(yi)詞(ci),自(zi)古(gu)以來(lai)本身(shen)的(de)(de)意義(yi)便十分尊榮也(ye)(ye)就不足(zu)為(wei)奇(qi)了。從《廣韻》上(shang)記(ji)載:“封公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)后,自(zi)皆稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)。”可知(zhi),春秋(qiu)時期列(lie)國諸(zhu)侯的(de)(de)子(zi)孫(sun),被尊稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)。從《通志·氏(shi)族略》記(ji)載“公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)氏(shi),皆貴(gui)(gui)者之(zhi)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。”可見,后來(lai)“公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)”的(de)(de)意義(yi)延(yan)伸了,一(yi)般人也(ye)(ye)尊稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)貴(gui)(gui)胄(zhou)的(de)(de)子(zi)弟為(wei)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)。如如今的(de)(de)對(dui)人的(de)(de)“公(gong)(gong)子(zi)”稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)謂。據說春秋(qiu)時代出身(shen)于諸(zhu)侯之(zhi)家的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun),干(gan)脆以“公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)”為(wei)姓,也(ye)(ye)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)氏(shi)了。由(you)此可見,公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)為(wei)姓的(de)(de)中(zhong)國人中(zhong),并不完全是(shi)(shi)一(yi)脈(mo)相承自(zi)黃帝,其中(zhong)有(you)一(yi)部分是(shi)(shi)春秋(qiu)貴(gui)(gui)族的(de)(de)后裔(yi)。
公(gong)孫姓(xing)在大陸和臺灣(wan)百家姓(xing)中(zhong)名列一百位之后(hou)。在古(gu)(gu)代,孫字(zi)可(ke)泛指后(hou)代人,而(er)公(gong)孫兩字(zi),也可(ke)用來泛指王公(gong)貴族的(de)后(hou)代。有些王公(gong)貴族的(de)后(hou)代以公(gong)孫的(de)稱呼為(wei)榮,便(bian)相延世(shi)代成為(wei)姓(xing)。古(gu)(gu)書《通志(zhi)》說,相傳遠古(gu)(gu)時黃帝姓(xing)公(gong)孫,于是便(bian)有這一姓(xing)的(de)廣(guang)泛流傳。
公孫氏望族居高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(今山東(dong)(dong)臨淄(zi))、扶風郡(jun)(今陜西咸陽(yang)(yang))。今山東(dong)(dong)、云南(nan)兩省還(huan)有公孫氏族人分布。
扶風郡(jun)(jun):周朝(chao)(chao)時(shi)期(qi)置(zhi)郡(jun)(jun),其(qi)(qi)時(shi)轄(xia)地在今(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)興平縣(xian)、咸陽(yang)(yang)市一(yi)帶地區。漢朝(chao)(chao)武帝太初元(yuan)年(nian)(丁丑,公元(yuan)前104年(nian))置(zhi)右扶風,與京兆、左馮翊(yi)合為(wei)(wei)三輔(fu),治(zhi)所(suo)在今(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)興平市,其(qi)(qi)時(shi)轄(xia)地在今(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)長安縣(xian)以(yi)(yi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、鳳翔(xiang)縣(xian)一(yi)帶。三國時(shi)期(qi)曹魏(wei)國改名為(wei)(wei)扶風郡(jun)(jun),治(zhi)所(suo)在隗里(今(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)興平),其(qi)(qi)時(shi)轄(xia)地在今(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)麟游縣(xian)、干(gan)縣(xian)以(yi)(yi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),秦嶺以(yi)(yi)北(bei)、山(shan)東省(sheng)(sheng)平原縣(xian)以(yi)(yi)南一(yi)帶地區。五(wu)代時(shi)期(qi)后漢將其(qi)(qi)轄(xia)地定在今(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)咸陽(yang)(yang)市一(yi)帶地區。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)晉朝(chao)(chao)時(shi)期(qi)移(yi)治(zhi)到池陽(yang)(yang)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)涇(jing)陽(yang)(yang)),南北(bei)朝(chao)(chao)時(shi)期(qi)的北(bei)魏(wei)移(yi)治(zhi)所(suo)到好疇(今(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)乾(qian)縣(xian))。隋、唐兩朝(chao)(chao)以(yi)(yi)今(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)岐(qi)州一(yi)帶為(wei)(wei)扶風郡(jun)(jun)。
高(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)郡:歷史上的高(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)郡有三:①戰(zhan)國時期(qi)(qi)為高(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)邑(yi),亦稱(cheng)高(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)鄉,在(zai)(zai)今河(he)南杞縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)西北(bei)(bei)(bei)部,秦朝末期(qi)(qi)酈食其自稱(cheng)“高(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)酒徒”,其“高(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)”即指該地(di)區。②東漢桓帝時期(qi)(qi)(公元147~167年(nian))又置(zhi)高(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)郡,治所(suo)在(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(今河(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)高(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)),其時轄地(di)在(zai)(zai)今河(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)省高(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)帶。晉朝泰始初期(qi)(qi)(乙酉,公元265年(nian))置(zhi)高(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)國,治所(suo)在(zai)(zai)博陸(今河(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)蠡縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)),時轄四縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),轄境包(bao)括今保定、清苑、高(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)、博野、蠡縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)。③北(bei)(bei)(bei)魏時期(qi)(qi)另置(zhi)青(qing)州高(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)郡,轄地(di)在(zai)(zai)今山東省淄(zi)博市臨淄(zi)區西北(bei)(bei)(bei)部一(yi)帶,隋朝開皇初年(nian)(辛丑,公元581年(nian))被(bei)廢黜。公孫氏望族的高(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(yang)郡,是指③之所(suo)處。
扶風堂:以望立堂。
高陽堂:以望立堂。
白馬堂:東漢末期(qi)公(gong)孫瓚被(bei)封為討(tao)虜將(jiang)軍,屢(lv)次打敗胡虜,除遼(liao)東屬國(guo)長(chang)史。常(chang)乘白馬,烏(wu)桓怕他,互相(xiang)告語:“我們要(yao)避開(kai)白馬長(chang)史。”
忠義堂:春(chun)秋時公(gong)孫(sun)杵(chu)臼(jiu)和(he)程(cheng)嬰(ying)(ying)都是(shi)趙朔的門客。趙朔為屠岸(an)賈所殺(sha),朔妻(qi)遺腹生一子(zi)(zi)。杵(chu)臼(jiu)和(he)程(cheng)嬰(ying)(ying)設計保(bao)存(cun)趙氏(shi)孤兒(er)(er)(er):杵(chu)臼(jiu)把自(zi)己(ji)的兒(er)(er)(er)子(zi)(zi)藏在山中,派(pai)程(cheng)嬰(ying)(ying)向(xiang)屠岸(an)賈回(hui)報說是(shi)趙氏(shi)孤兒(er)(er)(er)。屠岸(an)賈就把公(gong)孫(sun)杵(chu)臼(jiu)的兒(er)(er)(er)子(zi)(zi)當(dang)成趙氏(shi)孤兒(er)(er)(er)和(he)公(gong)孫(sun)杵(chu)臼(jiu)一起(qi)殺(sha)了。程(cheng)嬰(ying)(ying)保(bao)護著趙氏(shi)孤兒(er)(er)(er)長大(da)成人(ren)(ren),終于報了趙朔被殺(sha)之仇(chou)。人(ren)(ren)稱公(gong)孫(sun)杵(chu)臼(jiu)舍掉自(zi)己(ji)的兒(er)(er)(er)子(zi)(zi)和(he)自(zi)己(ji)的命存(cun)主人(ren)(ren)之孤,既忠且義。
人稱書庫,力卻弓旌
上聯典(dian)指隋朝時期的(de)(de)(de)(de)阜城人公(gong)孫景茂,字元蔚,博覽經(jing)史(shi)(shi),在西魏時任太(tai)常博士(shi),對經(jing)史(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)錯(cuo)誤多(duo)有改動,當時人稱(cheng)為“書庫”。隋開皇初年官(guan)汝南太(tai)守(shou),后歷任息州(zhou)刺史(shi)(shi)、道州(zhou)刺史(shi)(shi)、淄州(zhou)刺史(shi)(shi),所到(dao)之處,常用自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)薪俸(feng)幫(bang)助(zhu)病(bing)人、窮人。下聯典(dian)指晉朝時期的(de)(de)(de)(de)上谷人公(gong)孫鳳(feng),字上鸞,隱居(ju)在昌黎的(de)(de)(de)(de)九城山(shan)谷,冬穿單衣,夏吃餿食(shi),彈琴吟詠,悠然自(zi)得。朝廷屢(lv)次征(zheng)召,不(bu)為所動。“弓旌”,為古代征(zheng)聘士(shi)大夫之禮。
趙家義士,孟氏門人
上(shang)聯典(dian)指春(chun)(chun)秋時(shi)(shi)期的(de)晉國(guo)公孫杵臼。下聯典(dian)指春(chun)(chun)秋戰國(guo)時(shi)(shi)期的(de)齊國(guo)公孫丑。
脫粟稱平津儉,舞劍示懷素書
上(shang)聯典(dian)指漢朝(chao)時(shi)期的(de)薛人(ren)公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)弘,字季,小時(shi)候家(jia)里貧(pin)窮,四十多歲始(shi)學(xue)《春秋·雜(za)說》,漢武(wu)帝兩(liang)次(ci)征召為博士,后任丞(cheng)相,封平津(jin)侯(hou),生活儉樸,經(jing)常吃糙(cao)米,人(ren)們(men)都佩服(fu)他(ta)的(de)勤儉。下聯典(dian)指唐(tang)朝(chao)時(shi)期的(de)教坊舞(wu)伎公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)大娘(niang),善(shan)舞(wu)劍(jian)器(qi)(qi),名冠一時(shi)。杜甫曾有《觀公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)大娘(niang)弟(di)子舞(wu)劍(jian)器(qi)(qi)行》詩。書(shu)法家(jia)懷素曾見她舞(wu)西(xi)河劍(jian)器(qi)(qi),遂凈其舞(wu)姿化(hua)用于(yu)書(shu)法,從(cong)此其草書(shu)大有長進(jin),以狂草著名。
脫(tuo)粟稱平津之(zhi)儉,舞劍(jian)示懷(huai)素之(zhi)書
上聯典(dian)指漢朝時期的(de)薛人(ren)公孫弘(hong)。下聯典(dian)指唐朝時期的(de)教坊舞伎公孫大(da)娘(niang)。
孟門受精微之(zhi)學(xue),行人擅修飾之(zhi)能
上聯(lian)(lian)典(dian)指戰國(guo)(guo)時(shi)(shi)期的(de)(de)齊國(guo)(guo)人(ren)公孫(sun)丑,孟子(zi)弟子(zi),非常傾慕(mu)春秋時(shi)(shi)齊國(guo)(guo)大夫(fu)管(guan)仲、晏嬰,曾(ceng)向孟子(zi)請教他(ta)們建功立業的(de)(de)精細隱微的(de)(de)問題。下聯(lian)(lian)典(dian)指春秋時(shi)(shi)期的(de)(de)鄭國(guo)(guo)大夫(fu)公孫(sun)揮(hui),字子(zi)羽,鄭簡公時(shi)(shi)任行(xing)人(ren)(掌管(guan)朝覲聘問的(de)(de)官)。《論語·憲問》中曾(ceng)說:“鄭國(guo)(guo)外交(jiao)辭令的(de)(de)創(chuang)制,裨湛(zhan)起草(cao),世叔討論,行(xing)人(ren)子(zi)羽修飾,東里子(zi)產潤色。”
孟氏及門,受精(jing)微之學;行人子羽,擅修飾之能
上聯(lian)典指戰國(guo)時期(qi)的公孫丑(chou),孟子(zi)(zi)弟子(zi)(zi),曾(ceng)向孟子(zi)(zi)問何(he)謂“不動心”和“浩然之(zhi)氣”。又請問管仲和晏(yan)嬰的功業(ye)。下聯(lian)典指春秋時期(qi)的公孫揮,字子(zi)(zi)羽(yu)。熟諳諸侯(hou)政(zheng)令(ling),且嫻于辭(ci)令(ling)。仕行人。《論(lun)語》:“行人子(zi)(zi)羽(yu)修飾之(zhi)。”《左傳》論(lun)述:“鄭國(guo)將(jiang)有(you)諸侯(hou)(外(wai)交)之(zhi)事(shi),子(zi)(zi)產乃問四(si)國(guo)之(zhi)事(shi)于子(zi)(zi)羽(yu)。”
黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di):姓(xing)公孫(一說為姬姓(xing)),名軒(xuan)(xuan)轅(yuan)(yuan),號軒(xuan)(xuan)轅(yuan)(yuan)氏(shi)、有熊(xiong)氏(shi)和歸藏氏(shi),被(bei)尊(zun)奉(feng)為“中華始祖”。據《史記(ji)·五帝(di)(di)(di)本記(ji)》記(ji)載:“黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)者,少典之(zhi)子(zi),姓(xing)公孫,名軒(xuan)(xuan)轅(yuan)(yuan)。……黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)居軒(xuan)(xuan)轅(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)丘(qiu)”。華夏族的締造者,五帝(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)首,有些(xie)說法被(bei)列(lie)為三皇之(zhi)一,是公認的中華民族的祖先(xian)。
公孫(sun)(sun)僑(qiao):復姓公孫(sun)(sun),名僑(qiao),字子(zi)(zi)產(chan),又字子(zi)(zi)美(mei),鄭稱公孫(sun)(sun)。春秋(qiu)時期鄭國的(de)(de)政治(zhi)家和思想家。子(zi)(zi)產(chan)具有人(ren)本主(zhu)義的(de)(de)思想,強調人(ren)事,但也不否認(ren)鬼神。提出“天(tian)(tian)道(dao)(dao)遠,人(ren)道(dao)(dao)邇,非所及也”。在子(zi)(zi)產(chan)看來,人(ren)道(dao)(dao)先于天(tian)(tian)道(dao)(dao),天(tian)(tian)道(dao)(dao)可以存而不論,人(ren)道(dao)(dao)則不能不察。被清朝的(de)(de)王源推許為“春秋(qiu)第一人(ren)”。
公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)鞅(yang)(yang)(yang),衛國國君的后裔(yi),姬(ji)姓、公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏,故稱衛鞅(yang)(yang)(yang),又稱公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)鞅(yang)(yang)(yang),后封于(yu)商(shang),后人稱之商(shang)鞅(yang)(yang)(yang)。在(zai)秦國執政(zheng)十九年(nian),秦國大(da)治(zhi)(zhi),史稱商(shang)鞅(yang)(yang)(yang)變法。戰(zhan)國時期政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)家,著名法家代表人物(wu)。
公孫(sun)(sun)龍(前(qian)(qian)320年-前(qian)(qian)250年):傳(chuan)說字子秉(bing),中(zhong)國(guo)戰國(guo)時(shi)(shi)期趙國(guo)人,曾經做(zuo)過(guo)平原君的(de)門客(ke),名家的(de)代表人物,其主要著作為《公孫(sun)(sun)龍子》,西漢時(shi)(shi)共(gong)有14篇(pian),唐代時(shi)(shi)分(fen)為三卷,北宋時(shi)(shi)遺失了(le)8篇(pian),到(dao)如今只(zhi)殘留6篇(pian),共(gong)一卷。其中(zhong)最重(zhong)要的(de)兩篇(pian)是《白(bai)馬論》和(he)《堅白(bai)論》,提出(chu)了(le)“白(bai)馬非馬”和(he)“離堅白(bai)”等論點(dian),是“離堅白(bai)”學(xue)派的(de)主要代表。是著名的(de)詭辯學(xue)代表著作,提出(chu)了(le)邏輯學(xue)中(zhong)的(de)“個別”和(he)“一般”之間的(de)相(xiang)互關系(xi)(xi),但把它們之間的(de)區別夸(kua)大(da),割(ge)斷(duan)二者的(de)聯(lian)系(xi)(xi),是一種形而上學(xue)的(de)思想體(ti)系(xi)(xi)。
公(gong)孫(sun)述(shu):西漢(han)末年,天下紛(fen)擾,群(qun)雄競(jing)起,公(gong)孫(sun)述(shu)遂(sui)自稱輔(fu)漢(han)將(jiang)軍兼領益(yi)州(zhou)牧(mu)。建(jian)武元年(25年),公(gong)孫(sun)述(shu)稱帝(di)于蜀,國號(hao)成家(一作大成或(huo)成),年號(hao)龍興。建(jian)武十一年(35年),漢(han)廷乃派兵征討,被公(gong)孫(sun)述(shu)所(suo)拒。次年,復(fu)命大司馬吳漢(han)舉兵來伐,攻破成都,縱兵大掠,盡誅公(gong)孫(sun)氏(shi),“成家”為東(dong)漢(han)所(suo)亡。計公(gong)孫(sun)述(shu)割據(ju)益(yi)州(zhou)稱帝(di),共在位十二(er)年。
公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)度(du)(du)(150-204年):字升濟,遼(liao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)襄平(ping)(ping)(ping)(遼(liao)陽)人(ren)。有二子(zi),公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)康(kang),康(kang)弟公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)恭,康(kang)子(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)晃、公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)淵(yuan)。少隨父遷居(ju)(ju)玄(xuan)菟郡。初為玄(xuan)菟小吏,繼升尚書郎、冀州刺史,后(hou)被免官。東(dong)(dong)(dong)漢中(zhong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)六年(189年),經同鄉徐榮(rong)推薦,被董卓任(ren)命為遼(liao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)太守。公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)度(du)(du)到任(ren)后(hou),厲行(xing)嚴刑峻(jun)法,打擊(ji)豪強勢力,使(shi)令(ling)行(xing)政通,羽翼漸(jian)豐。漢獻帝(di)初平(ping)(ping)(ping)元年(190年),中(zhong)原地(di)區(qu)董卓亂起,各地(di)軍(jun)閥(fa)無暇東(dong)(dong)(dong)顧。公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)度(du)(du)趁機自(zi)立為遼(liao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)侯、平(ping)(ping)(ping)州牧。繼則東(dong)(dong)(dong)伐高句麗,西擊(ji)烏(wu)桓,向(xiang)南取遼(liao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)半(ban)島,開疆(jiang)擴土(tu);又招(zhao)賢納士,設館開學(xue),廣招(zhao)流民,威行(xing)海外,儼然以遼(liao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)王(wang)自(zi)居(ju)(ju)。由(you)于公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)度(du)(du)的(de)銳意進取和苦心(xin)經營(ying),使(shi)遼(liao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)地(di)區(qu)在漢末(mo)三(san)國的(de)戰亂年代,獲得了暫時的(de)安寧,推動了當地(di)生產(chan)技術和封(feng)建文化的(de)發展。
公(gong)孫淵(yuan):字文懿。魏大司馬,封(feng)樂(le)浪公(gong)。公(gong)孫度之孫。后自(zi)稱燕王。為司馬懿所(suo)破。
公孫瓚(zan)(?-199):字伯珪,漢族,遼西令(ling)支(今河北(bei)遷安)人。東漢末年(nian)獻帝年(nian)間占據幽州一(yi)帶的軍(jun)閥,漢末群雄之一(yi)。后(hou)為(wei)(wei)袁紹所破(po)。其(qi)子公孫續(xu),被公孫瓚(zan)派(pai)往(wang)黑山求(qiu)張(zhang)燕(yan)來救已遲。后(hou)為(wei)(wei)屠各(休屠各的省稱,也稱休屠)所殺。