第(di)五姓(xing)(xing)(xing)是漢族(zu)復(fu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)之一(yi)(yi),為田齊王族(zu)之后(hou)。秦(qin)末(mo)天(tian)下紛(fen)(fen)爭(zheng),起先被(bei)秦(qin)國所滅的(de)六國,其(qi)王族(zu)后(hou)裔們,爭(zheng)先糾集人(ren)馬反(fan)秦(qin)復(fu)國;而在漢高祖(zu)劉邦建立漢朝后(hou),顧(gu)慮到這些(xie)復(fu)國失敗的(de)舊王族(zu)勢(shi)力(li),便將他(ta)們紛(fen)(fen)紛(fen)(fen)遷出(chu)原籍,另(ling)外擇地(di)安置。其(qi)中將田齊王族(zu)從第(di)一(yi)(yi)到第(di)八(ba)分(fen)為八(ba)支遷走,故而后(hou)人(ren)以第(di)次為姓(xing)(xing)(xing)氏,第(di)五氏就為這里的(de)一(yi)(yi)支。如今(jin),第(di)五姓(xing)(xing)(xing)多分(fen)布于陜西涇陽、旬邑(yi)一(yi)(yi)帶,一(yi)(yi)些(xie)第(di)五姓(xing)(xing)(xing)現多演化為第(di)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)、五姓(xing)(xing)(xing)或伍姓(xing)(xing)(xing)。
第(di)五氏出名的(de)歷史人物(wu)有漢(han)代大司空第(di)五倫,唐代宰相第(di)五琦等。
復(fu)姓(xing)第五可以(yi)追(zhui)溯(su)到舜帝,其后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)有姚、媯(gui)、陳(chen)(chen)、胡(hu)、田,皆為(wei)(wei)同(tong)根同(tong)源,史稱(cheng)“媯(gui)汭(rui)五姓(xing)”。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)舜的后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)裔不(bu)斷發展,一(yi)直到商(shang)朝后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)期(qi),舜的后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)代(dai)(dai)閼(e)父(fu)歸順于(yu)(yu)周文(wen)王(wang)(wang),任陶正之官(guan)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)周武王(wang)(wang)消(xiao)滅商(shang)紂(zhou),建立周朝,并將長女大姬嫁(jia)與閼(e)父(fu)之子(zi)媯(gui)滿(man)(舜后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)33代(dai)(dai)孫)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)來,武王(wang)(wang)追(zhui)封上古圣(sheng)王(wang)(wang)的后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)裔,媯(gui)滿(man)氏(shi)因此被封為(wei)(wei)陳(chen)(chen)侯,位(wei)(wei)于(yu)(yu)陳(chen)(chen)地,國(guo)都位(wei)(wei)于(yu)(yu)今(jin)天河(he)南淮(huai)陽縣。媯(gui)滿(man)史稱(cheng)陳(chen)(chen)胡(hu)公,胡(hu)公滿(man),其后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)代(dai)(dai)以(yi)國(guo)為(wei)(wei)姓(xing),從(cong)而產生(sheng)了(le)陳(chen)(chen)氏(shi),后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)代(dai)(dai)以(yi)胡(hu)公謚號為(wei)(wei)氏(shi),產生(sheng)了(le)胡(hu)氏(shi)。
陳(chen)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)在春秋中(zhong)期分(fen)出(chu)田姓(xing)(xing)(xing)。在陳(chen)厲公(gong)時,陳(chen)國(guo)發(fa)生了(le)爭奪君位的內亂,陳(chen)厲公(gong)之子陳(chen)完逃出(chu)齊(qi)國(guo)避難,為避禍而(er)改(gai)為田姓(xing)(xing)(xing),陳(chen)完是(shi)田姓(xing)(xing)(xing)的始(shi)祖(zu)。陳(chen)完在齊(qi)國(guo)受到禮遇,任工正。
陳完的(de)后(hou)代(dai)田(tian)(tian)氏(shi)家族(zu)在齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)逐(zhu)漸發展,后(hou)掌握齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)政(zheng)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)(qian)481年(nian),田(tian)(tian)乞之子(zi)田(tian)(tian)恒(田(tian)(tian)常(chang)子(zi))殺(sha)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)簡公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)與諸多公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)族(zu),另(ling)立(li)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)平公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),進一步把(ba)持政(zheng)權,又以“修(xiu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)行賞”爭取(qu)民心。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)(qian)391年(nian),田(tian)(tian)成子(zi)四(si)世孫田(tian)(tian)和廢齊(qi)(qi)(qi)康公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)(qian)386年(nian),田(tian)(tian)和放(fang)逐(zhu)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)康公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)于海上,自(zi)立(li)為(wei)國(guo)(guo)君(jun),同年(nian)為(wei)周安(an)王冊(ce)命(ming)為(wei)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)侯,并受到諸侯列國(guo)(guo)的(de)承(cheng)認,這就是歷史上著名的(de)“田(tian)(tian)代(dai)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)姜(jiang)”。前(qian)(qian)379年(nian),齊(qi)(qi)(qi)康公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)死,姜(jiang)姓(xing)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)絕祀。田(tian)(tian)氏(shi)仍(reng)以“齊(qi)(qi)(qi)”作為(wei)國(guo)(guo)號,史稱“田(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)”。
西(xi)漢時期,為了增強(qiang)關中的(de)經濟實力,削弱各(ge)地豪(hao)強(qiang)的(de)殘余勢力。將齊田氏分(fen)為八部,分(fen)別遷(qian)往西(xi)安一(yi)(yi)帶,并要他(ta)們(men)改姓“第(di)一(yi)(yi)”“第(di)二”……一(yi)(yi)直到“第(di)八”。
所以(yi)第(di)(di)五出自(zi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),源自(zi)漢(han)代(dai)遷(qian)(qian)徙(xi)(xi)齊國公族(zu)(zu)所改。據(ju)《姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)考略(lve)》載(zai):“齊田(tian)(tian)(tian)氏(shi)(shi)后,漢(han)時齊諸田(tian)(tian)(tian)徙(xi)(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)京兆房陵,以(yi)次第(di)(di)為(wei)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),有第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)第(di)(di)八(ba)。”又《后漢(han)書·第(di)(di)五倫傳(chuan)》載(zai):“后或(huo)改姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。”漢(han)高(gao)祖劉邦建立漢(han)朝后,為(wei)了增強關(guan)中(zhong)的(de)經濟實力,削弱地(di)方門閥勢力,將豪族(zu)(zu)名門共十萬多人都遷(qian)(qian)徙(xi)(xi)到關(guan)中(zhong)房陵(今(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)咸陽一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶定居。在遷(qian)(qian)徙(xi)(xi)原(yuan)齊國田(tian)(tian)(tian)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)貴(gui)族(zu)(zu)時,因族(zu)(zu)大人眾,以(yi)門第(di)(di)順序被分為(wei)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)第(di)(di)八(ba)氏(shi)(shi),例如田(tian)(tian)(tian)廣的(de)弟弟田(tian)(tian)(tian)英為(wei)第(di)(di)八(ba)氏(shi)(shi),其孫(sun)田(tian)(tian)(tian)登為(wei)第(di)(di)二氏(shi)(shi),元孫(sun)田(tian)(tian)(tian)癸為(wei)第(di)(di)三氏(shi)(shi),第(di)(di)五氏(shi)(shi)就是其中(zhong)的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)支,也就產生(sheng)了第(di)(di)五姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)。唯有“第(di)(di)五”氏(shi)(shi)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)支后來出了不少名人,得以(yi)較普遍流傳(chuan),所以(yi)作為(wei)顯姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)收到《續百(bai)家姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)》中(zhong)。第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)第(di)(di)八(ba)等姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),后來都改為(wei)單(dan)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)”及“五”(伍(wu))兩個姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi),現在保(bao)留(liu)復姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)很少。
隴(long)西(xi)郡:秦置隴(long)西(xi)郡,治狄道(今甘(gan)肅省臨洮南)。曹魏(wei)移治襄武(今東鄉(xiang)以東及(ji)隴(long)西(xi)南一帶地區)。隋唐為渭州隴(long)西(xi)郡。
東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun):東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun)始建于秦始皇五年(庚(geng)申,公元前(qian)242年),取原(yuan)魏國(guo)之地(di)(di)置(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun),包括河北大名(ming)府、山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)昌府、及長清縣(xian)(xian)以西(xi)(xi)(xi)一(yi)帶(dai)地(di)(di)區。西(xi)(xi)(xi)漢時(shi)(shi)期因之,治(zhi)所在濮陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(今河南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)濮陽(yang)),其(qi)時(shi)(shi)轄地(di)(di)在今河南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)省(sheng)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)仆陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)及山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)一(yi)帶(dai)地(di)(di)區。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢初(chu)其(qi)平中嘗治(zhi)武陽(yang),臧(zang)洪為太(tai)守,又治(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)武陽(yang)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)晉朝(chao)(chao)(chao)時(shi)(shi)期廢黜(chu),東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)晉朝(chao)(chao)(chao)復置(zhi),在今河南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)滑(hua)縣(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)。北魏王朝(chao)(chao)(chao)徙治(zhi)至滑(hua)臺(今河南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)滑(hua)縣(xian)(xian)),隋朝(chao)(chao)(chao)初(chu)期廢黜(chu),后曾以兗州(zhou)為東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun),此兗州(zhou)是由滑(hua)州(zhou)(今河南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)滑(hua)縣(xian)(xian))改名(ming)而成,并非今山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)之兗州(zhou)。南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)宋國(guo)再置(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun),在河南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)陳州(zhou)府境(jing)。
隴西堂:以望立堂。
東郡堂(tang):以望立堂(tang),亦稱江扈(hu)堂(tang)。
廉貞忠(zhong)厚;正直清高。
——佚名撰第五姓
上聯典指東漢(han)長陵(ling)人第五倫,字伯魚,耿直無(wu)私,以清節著稱。建武年間(jian)舉孝廉,官會稽(ji)太守,章帝時(shi)任司(si)空(kong)。下(xia)聯典指第五倫的曾孫第五種。
清(qing)高正(zheng)直;忠厚廉(lian)貞。
——佚名撰第五姓(xing)宗祠通用(yong)聯
上聯(lian)典指東漢·第五(wu)種(zhong)為(wei)官清正,名冠(guan)州(zhou)郡,時人(ren)謂(wei):“清高(gao)正直,以種(zhong)為(wei)首。”下聯(lian)典指第五(wu)種(zhong)的曾祖(zu)父第五(wu)倫為(wei)司(si)空,奉公盡節,所得俸祿僅(jin)給衣食,余皆散資貧民。
維揚(yang)邗東(dong)第五氏宗譜(pu),著者待考,民國年間(jian)木刻活字印本兩(liang)冊。現(xian)被收藏(zang)在江蘇省常州市家譜(pu)收藏(zang)者朱炳(bing)國處(chu)。
陜西(xi)旬(xun)邑(yi)第五氏家譜,著者待考,民國年(nian)間手寫本。現被收藏在陜西(xi)省(sheng)咸陽市旬(xun)邑(yi)縣魏(wei)洛村第五氏宗祠。
第(di)五倫(lun):字(zi)伯(bo)魚,京兆長陵(ling)人(ren)也,東(dong)(dong)漢大司(si)空(即東(dong)(dong)漢宰相(xiang))。其先(xian)齊諸(zhu)田,諸(zhu)田徙園陵(ling)者多,故以次(ci)第(di)為氏。第(di)五倫(lun)曾為東(dong)(dong)漢初年光武(wu)帝(di)、明帝(di)、章帝(di)三(san)朝(chao)元老,為官清(qing)廉無私(si),盡忠守(shou)節,其后輩(bei)有五人(ren)在(zai)朝(chao)為官,與(yu)東(dong)(dong)漢相(xiang)始終。
第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)頡(jie):字子陵,第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)倫(lun)少(shao)子;京兆長陵人(今陜西咸陽)。著名東漢(han)(han)大(da)臣。先為郡功曹,州從事,公府(fu)辟舉高第(di)(di)(di),后為侍御史,南頓令(ling),桂陽、南陽、廬江(jiang)三郡太守(shou),諫議大(da)夫。漢(han)(han)順帝(di)之(zhi)為太子廢也,第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)頡(jie)為太中(zhong)大(da)夫,與(yu)太仆來歷等共(gong)守(shou)闕固爭。漢(han)(han)順帝(di)即(ji)位,第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)頡(jie)擢(zhuo)為將(jiang)作大(da)匠,卒官。
第五(wu)種(zhong):字(zi)興(xing)先,歷官高密(mi)侯相、兗州刺(ci)史。因(yin)彈劾(he)中常(chang)侍單(dan)超(chao)及其(qi)侄子單(dan)匡,屢(lv)受(shou)陷害。當時人(ren)說:“清高正直,以第五(wu)種(zhong)為(wei)第一(yi)。”
第五訪(fang):字仲謀,東漢中(zhong)期京(jing)兆長陵(今陜西省咸陽(yang)市東北)人。
第五上:東漢刺史,為官冠名州郡(jun),永壽(shou)中以奉(feng)使(shi)稱職,拜(bai)高密侯相,懲(cheng)治貪惡,剛直(zhi)不宥(you)。
第(di)五元先:東漢學者,通京氏易、公羊春秋、三統歷、九(jiu)章算(suan)術,為鄭康成之師。
第五琦:唐(tang)代同中書門下平章事(即(ji)唐(tang)朝(chao)宰相)。曾為扶風(feng)郡公,京兆尹,改(gai)戶部(bu)侍郎(lang),判度支等,能言強國富民術,不(bu)益賦而用(yong)以饒。乾元時(shi)升任同中書門下平章事,終年七十歲(sui),贈太(tai)子少保、子峰。
第五可范:唐(tang)昭宗的(de)親信宦(huan)官,后來權(quan)臣(chen)朱溫(wen)迫使唐(tang)昭宗將第五可范賜死。
第五均(jun):宋朝人,官(guan)至宰相,生卒(zu)不詳。
中國復(fu)姓(xing)(xing)第五(wu)(wu)主要聚居(ju)(ju)在(zai)陜西省咸陽市(shi)的魏洛(luo)村和埝口(kou)五(wu)(wu)村,這兩個村子除了(le)個別的雜姓(xing)(xing)外(wai),基本(ben)都復(fu)姓(xing)(xing)第五(wu)(wu)。另外(wai)在(zai)全國各(ge)地的其它(ta)地方也散(san)居(ju)(ju)著很多復(fu)姓(xing)(xing)第五(wu)(wu)。臺灣(wan)有7家(jia)復(fu)姓(xing)(xing)第五(wu)(wu),其祖先在(zai)今天的魏洛(luo)村,主要居(ju)(ju)住在(zai)臺北市(shi)內湖區。
中國(guo)復姓(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)”聚(ju)居最多的就是在(zai)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省旬邑(yi)縣太村(cun)鎮(zhen)赤道社區魏洛村(cun),全村(cun)有(you)4000多人都(dou)姓(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)”。據村(cun)民(min)介(jie)紹,第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)為(wei)田(tian)齊王族之(zhi)后。祖上傳說在(zai)漢朝(chao)就住在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)里。村(cun)上建(jian)有(you)“第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)氏(shi)三朝(chao)宰(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)祠堂(tang)”,即東漢漢明帝時(shi)(shi)期大司空:第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)倫,唐(tang)朝(chao)唐(tang)肅宗時(shi)(shi)期宰(zai)相(xiang)(xiang):第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)琦(qi),宋朝(chao)(時(shi)(shi)期不(bu)詳(xiang))宰(zai)相(xiang)(xiang):第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)均。有(you)“第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)氏(shi)宗族家譜”。2007年1月13日,陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省涇(jing)陽縣埝口五(wu)(wu)(wu)村(cun)。中國(guo)國(guo)家地理雜志的攝影師馬宏杰指揮幾十位村(cun)民(min)拍集(ji)體(ti)照,因為(wei)這(zhe)(zhe)些村(cun)民(min)都(dou)姓(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)”。“第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)”這(zhe)(zhe)個姓(xing)(xing)其(qi)實并不(bu)鮮(xian)見,古時(shi)(shi)候從“第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)”到“第(di)(di)(di)八(ba)”都(dou)是姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi),《百家姓(xing)(xing)》中的最后8個字(zi)就是“第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)言福、百家姓(xing)(xing)終”。第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)到第(di)(di)(di)八(ba)都(dou)曾存在(zai)過,不(bu)過現(xian)在(zai)第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)最多的了(le),第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)主要分布在(zai)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)涇(jing)陽和旬邑(yi)。
今江蘇(su)省(sheng)的(de)揚州市(shi)(shi),天津市(shi)(shi),陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)的(de)咸陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)涇陽(yang)(yang)縣、旬邑縣、彬縣、西(xi)(xi)安市(shi)(shi)高(gao)陵(ling)縣,寧(ning)夏回(hui)族自治區(qu)的(de)吳(wu)忠(zhong)市(shi)(shi)、靈(ling)武市(shi)(shi),甘肅(su)省(sheng)的(de)慶陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)寧(ning)縣、浙江省(sheng)的(de)舟山市(shi)(shi)定(ding)海縣,安徽省(sheng)的(de)滁州市(shi)(shi),臺(tai)灣省(sheng)的(de)臺(tai)北(bei)市(shi)(shi)內湖區(qu)等地,均有第五(wu)氏族人分(fen)布,總人口在六千以(yi)上。
其中:姓第(di)五(wu)(有的(de)(de)寫成第(di)伍)的(de)(de)在甘(gan)肅有178人(ren),姓第(di)的(de)(de)有1587人(ren),合(he)計1765人(ren),主(zhu)要(yao)分布在甘(gan)肅省(sheng)寧縣(xian)(xian)、慶城縣(xian)(xian)和合(he)水縣(xian)(xian),蘭(lan)州市(shi)、嘉峪關市(shi)、白銀市(shi)也有分布。甘(gan)肅寧縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)第(di)(第(di)五(wu))家族(zu),主(zhu)要(yao)居(ju)住(zhu)在早勝鎮(zhen)、良平鎮(zhen)等地(di),據考證,其祖先(xian)是從陜西旬邑縣(xian)(xian)赤道鄉魏洛(luo)村(cun)遷徙而來。
《姓氏(shi)(shi)考略(lve)》:齊田(tian)氏(shi)(shi)后,漢時齊諸田(tian)徙至京兆房陵(ling),以次第為姓,有第一至第八(ba)。
《后(hou)漢書·第(di)五(wu)倫傳》:后(hou)或改姓。