大狐姓氏(shi)作為中國為數不(bu)多的(de)稀有(you)(you)姓氏(shi)之一(yi),它的(de)淵(yuan)源、遷徙(xi)、分布都(dou)是有(you)(you)史可循,有(you)(you)據(ju)可查的(de)!
單一淵源(yuan):源(yuan)于姬姓(xing),出(chu)自(zi)(zi)春(chun)秋時(shi)(shi)期晉國大夫(fu)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)突,屬于以先祖(zu)(zu)名(ming)字為(wei)(wei)氏(shi)。大狐(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi),為(wei)(wei)春(chun)秋時(shi)(shi)期晉國很(hen)早即出(chu)現的(de)姓(xing)氏(shi)。宋朝(chao)時(shi)(shi)期著名(ming)學(xue)者鄧名(ming)世在《古今姓(xing)氏(shi)書辯證·去·十四泰》中(zhong)記(ji)載(zai):“大狐(hu)(hu)(hu),出(chu)自(zi)(zi)姬姓(xing)。晉大夫(fu)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)突,字伯行,文公重(zhong)耳(er)外祖(zu)(zu)父也,生(sheng)毛及偃,毛生(sheng)溱,皆為(wei)(wei)晉卿(qing),別為(wei)(wei)大狐(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)。”姓(xing)氏(shi)學(xue)界一般認(ren)為(wei)(wei),大狐(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)本(ben)姓(xing)姬,因(yin)其(qi)先祖(zu)(zu)被分(fen)封在狐(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)大戎(rong)(rong)(今山(shan)西交城一帶),故改姬姓(xing)為(wei)(wei)大狐(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)。在史籍《左傳》中(zhong)記(ji)載(zai),后來晉獻公姬佹諸(公元前676~前651年(nian)在位)“又(you)娶二女于戎(rong)(rong),大戎(rong)(rong)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)姬生(sheng)重(zhong)耳(er),小戎(rong)(rong)子生(sheng)夷(yi)吾”。漢(han)朝(chao)著名(ming)的(de)史學(xue)家司馬遷也認(ren)為(wei)(wei),“重(zhong)耳(er)母(mu),翟之狐(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)女也”。不過,當(dang)時(shi)(shi)也有其(qi)他(ta)民(min)(min)族是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)姬姓(xing)的(de),那么狐(hu)(hu)(hu)突的(de)祖(zu)(zu)上(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)姓(xing)姬還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)姓(xing)狐(hu)(hu)(hu),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)土著民(min)(min)族還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宗周(zhou)后裔?如果(guo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)出(chu)自(zi)(zi)土著民(min)(min)族,那么到(dao)底是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)戎(rong)(rong)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)翟?均已渺茫難考(kao)了(le)。山(shan)西,為(wei)(wei)上(shang)古唐“帝堯初都(dou)”之地,又(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)夏王朝(chao)統治(zhi)時(shi)(shi)期的(de)根據(ju)地,但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)到(dao)了(le)商(shang)末西周(zhou)初,該地區已經基本(ben)上(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)戎(rong)(rong)、翟(狄)、氐、羌(qiang)諸民(min)(min)族出(chu)沒游牧(mu)的(de)地方(fang)了(le)。
據史(shi)籍(ji)《左(zuo)傳·定公四年》中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)記載,周成王(wang)姬誦“分唐叔(shu)(叔(shu)虞)以大(da)(da)路,密(mi)須(xu)之(zhi)鼓,闕鞏,沽洗,懷姓(xing)九宗,職官五正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。命以《唐誥》,而封于(yu)(yu)夏虛,啟(qi)以夏政,疆(jiang)以戎(rong)索。”這(zhe)里的(de)(de)(de)“啟(qi)以夏政,疆(jiang)以戎(rong)索”,實(shi)際上(shang)是(shi)就(jiu)晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)在(zai)(zai)建(jian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)初(chu)(chu)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)根本治(zhi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)方略,就(jiu)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)央政權的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)上(shang),堅持周王(wang)朝比較先進的(de)(de)(de)政治(zhi)制度,但是(shi)在(zai)(zai)地(di)域管(guan)理方面又遵循和順(shun)應(ying)當(dang)地(di)各個(ge)游牧民(min)族的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)俗。在(zai)(zai)晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)建(jian)立初(chu)(chu)期(qi)(qi),真正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)宗周貴(gui)族是(shi)不多的(de)(de)(de),姬叔(shu)虞當(dang)時(shi)只帶去了(le)“懷姓(xing)九宗,職官五正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)”等少量(liang)姬姓(xing)族人以及一(yi)(yi)軍之(zhi)卒(zu)(凡制軍,萬有二千五百人為一(yi)(yi)軍),晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)部分國(guo)(guo)(guo)人還(huan)是(shi)當(dang)地(di)土著居民(min)。事實(shi)上(shang),在(zai)(zai)整(zheng)個(ge)春秋時(shi)期(qi)(qi),各諸(zhu)侯國(guo)(guo)(guo)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)“胡”風(feng)一(yi)(yi)直是(shi)很(hen)濃厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de),從(cong)西周初(chu)(chu)期(qi)(qi)受封于(yu)(yu)唐邑,后改唐為晉(jin)(jin),建(jian)立晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo),晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人與周邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)各個(ge)民(min)族通商、通婚的(de)(de)(de)現象一(yi)(yi)直就(jiu)十分普(pu)遍,就(jiu)連國(guo)(guo)(guo)君也(ye)不例外,這(zhe)與燕國(guo)(guo)(guo)、秦國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)情況大(da)(da)體相同。
大(da)狐(hu)氏,歷(li)(li)代皆為晉國重臣(chen),傳到歷(li)(li)晉文(wen)公姬重耳(er)(公元(yuan)前(qian)(qian)636~前(qian)(qian)628年在(zai)(zai)位)、晉襄公姬歡(huan)(姬環(huan),公元(yuan)前(qian)(qian)627~前(qian)(qian)621年在(zai)(zai)位)、晉靈公姬夷皋(gao)(公元(yuan)前(qian)(qian)620~前(qian)(qian)607年在(zai)(zai)位)三朝(chao)、史稱晉國“股(gu)肱”的(de)大(da)狐(hu)射(she)姑以后,因其封地在(zai)(zai)賈(今山(shan)西臨(lin)汾(fen)),其后裔子孫大(da)多省文(wen)簡改為單(dan)姓狐(hu)氏、賈氏,大(da)狐(hu)氏復姓就此在(zai)(zai)歷(li)(li)史上基本消失(shi)了。如(ru)今,僅在(zai)(zai)浙江省西南部麗水地區(qu)還有極其稀(xi)少(shao)的(de)復姓大(da)狐(hu)氏族人,仍以平陽(今山(shan)西臨(lin)汾(fen))為郡(jun)望。
大狐突(姬狐突)。
平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun):亦(yi)稱(cheng)臨汾(fen)郡(jun)。歷史(shi)上的(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)有(you)二(er):①即(ji)今(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)西省臨汾(fen)市(shi)(shi)。西漢(han)初(chu)年(nian)(己亥,公(gong)元(yuan)前202年(nian))置(zhi)(zhi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),治所在(zai)(zai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(今(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)西臨汾(fen))。三國(guo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)曹(cao)魏(wei)國(guo)正始八(ba)年(nian)(丁卯,公(gong)元(yuan)247年(nian)),將河(he)東(dong)郡(jun)分出一部(bu)分與平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)合(he)并(bing),設置(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun),治所亦(yi)在(zai)(zai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(今(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)西臨汾(fen)),其時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)轄(xia)地在(zai)(zai)今(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)西藿縣(xian)(xian)(xian)以南(nan)的(de)汾(fen)河(he)流(liu)域(yu)及其以西地區,境內(nei)為(wei)司州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun),轄(xia)十(shi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。西晉(jin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)仍為(wei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun),轄(xia)十(shi)二(er)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。西晉(jin)永嘉三年(nian)(己巳,公(gong)元(yuan)309年(nian))初(chu),匈奴(nu)人劉淵自蒲子城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(隰(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian))遷(qian)都平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang),稱(cheng)帝建(jian)漢(han),境內(nei)屬(shu)之(zhi)。東(dong)晉(jin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)先后屬(shu)并(bing)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、雍州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)和冀(ji)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou);北魏(wei)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)境內(nei)為(wei)東(dong)雍州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),轄(xia)七郡(jun)二(er)十(shi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian);北魏(wei)神鹿元(yuan)年(nian)(戊辰,公(gong)元(yuan)428年(nian))始筑(zhu)白馬(ma)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(今(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)西臨汾(fen)),因(yin)魏(wei)刑白馬(ma)祭祀天地神靈筑(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)而名。孝昌二(er)年(nian)改置(zhi)(zhi)唐州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),治所在(zai)(zai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(劉村(cun));北魏(wei)建(jian)義元(yuan)年(nian)(戊申,公(gong)元(yuan)528年(nian))改稱(cheng)晉(jin)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),移治自馬(ma)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),與郡(jun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)同治,沿用(yong)至(zhi)今(jin)。②即(ji)今(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)省鄒城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)。鄒城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)(zai)春(chun)秋(qiu)戰國(guo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)古(gu)稱(cheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang),是“鄒魯圣地”,為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)儒(ru)學發源地。夏(xia)王朝(chao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)屬(shu)九州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)徐州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)域(yu),秦朝(chao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)開始設置(zhi)(zhi)“騶縣(xian)(xian)(xian)”,歷漢(han)、晉(jin)、南(nan)北朝(chao),及唐朝(chao)初(chu)期(qi)改“騶”為(wei)“鄒”,稱(cheng)“鄒縣(xian)(xian)(xian)”,沿襲至(zhi)1992年(nian)10月,撤縣(xian)(xian)(xian)設市(shi)(shi),稱(cheng)鄒城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)。大狐(hu)氏的(de)郡(jun)望為(wei)①即(ji)今(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)西臨汾(fen)。
平陽堂:以望立堂。
大(da)狐氏(shi)復姓是一(yi)(yi)個非常(chang)古老(lao)的(de)姓氏(shi),但(dan)在今中國大(da)陸的(de)姓氏(shi)排行榜上(shang)未列入百(bai)家姓前一(yi)(yi)千位,在臺灣(wan)省則(ze)沒有。今浙江(jiang)省西南部的(de)麗(li)水地區(qu),有零星大(da)狐氏(shi)族人(ren)分(fen)布(bu),以平陽為(wei)郡望。人(ren)口總數不(bu)及一(yi)(yi)百(bai),大(da)概屬于人(ren)口最稀少的(de)姓氏(shi)群體之一(yi)(yi)了。