張(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)的《草(cao)(cao)書(shu)心(xin)經(jing)》最早見(jian)(jian)于《碑(bei)刻(ke)拔(ba)萃》,其(qi)《唐草(cao)(cao)心(xin)經(jing)》碑(bei)目(mu)下寫明(ming)(ming)張(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu),此前碑(bei)林(lin)中有(you)明(ming)(ming)成化年間知府孫仁從百塔寺移來的《草(cao)(cao)書(shu)心(xin)經(jing)》,《關中金(jin)石文字(zi)存逸考》對這兩(liang)種草(cao)(cao)書(shu)“心(xin)經(jing)”都(dou)錄,其(qi)“心(xin)經(jing)、肚痛帖、千(qian)文斷碑(bei)”條下注(zhu)“均張(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)草(cao)(cao)書(shu),無年月”,并稱“右三(san)石均在西安碑(bei)林(lin)”。張(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)的《草(cao)(cao)書(shu)心(xin)經(jing)》最晚見(jian)(jian)于民國三(san)年(1914年)《碑(bei)林(lin)碑(bei)目(mu)表》,但此后便下落不明(ming)(ming)了。
觀自在菩薩(sa),行深般(ban)(ban)若(ruo)(ruo)波(bo)(bo)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)蜜多時,照見五蘊皆空(kong)(kong),度一切苦厄。舍(she)利子(zi),色(se)不(bu)(bu)(bu)異(yi)空(kong)(kong),空(kong)(kong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)異(yi)色(se),色(se)即是(shi)空(kong)(kong),空(kong)(kong)即是(shi)色(se),受想行識,亦復如是(shi)。舍(she)利子(zi),是(shi)諸法(fa)空(kong)(kong)相,不(bu)(bu)(bu)生不(bu)(bu)(bu)滅(mie),不(bu)(bu)(bu)垢不(bu)(bu)(bu)凈,不(bu)(bu)(bu)增不(bu)(bu)(bu)減(jian)。是(shi)故(gu)空(kong)(kong)中無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)色(se),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)受想行識,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)眼(yan)耳鼻舌(she)身意,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)色(se)聲香味觸法(fa),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)眼(yan)界,乃至無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)意識界,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming),亦無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)盡(jin),乃至無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)老死,亦無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)老死盡(jin)。無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)苦集滅(mie)道,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)智(zhi)亦無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)得(de)。以無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)得(de)故(gu)。菩提(ti)(ti)薩(sa)埵,依(yi)般(ban)(ban)若(ruo)(ruo)波(bo)(bo)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)蜜多故(gu),心無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)掛礙。無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)掛礙故(gu),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有恐怖,遠離顛(dian)倒(dao)夢想,究竟涅盤。三世諸佛,依(yi)般(ban)(ban)若(ruo)(ruo)波(bo)(bo)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)蜜多故(gu),得(de)阿耨多羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)三藐三菩提(ti)(ti)。故(gu)知般(ban)(ban)若(ruo)(ruo)波(bo)(bo)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)蜜多,是(shi)大神(shen)咒(zhou),是(shi)大明(ming)咒(zhou),是(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)上(shang)咒(zhou),是(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)等(deng)等(deng)咒(zhou),能除一切苦,真實不(bu)(bu)(bu)虛。故(gu)說(shuo)(shuo)般(ban)(ban)若(ruo)(ruo)波(bo)(bo)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)蜜多咒(zhou),即說(shuo)(shuo)咒(zhou)曰:揭(jie)(jie)諦揭(jie)(jie)諦,波(bo)(bo)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)揭(jie)(jie)諦,波(bo)(bo)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)僧揭(jie)(jie)諦,菩提(ti)(ti)薩(sa)婆訶。
凡人要度苦(ku)厄,了生死,成大覺,非(fei)從自(zi)心(xin)下手不(bu)可。但(dan)要明白(bai)自(zi)心(xin),只依這二百六十(shi)個字,已經(jing)夠了。但(dan)空(kong)的(de)道理(li)(li)不(bu)明白(bai),自(zi)心(xin)的(de)相貌也(ye)難徹(che)了。這個經(jing),最主要是(shi)(shi)說性空(kong)的(de)道理(li)(li),不(bu)是(shi)(shi)世人所說的(de)空(kong),那是(shi)(shi)斷滅空(kong),他(ta)們誤解佛法(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)消極自(zi)了的(de)。今把此經(jing)判分七段,用(yong)白(bai)話來(lai)逐(zhu)字逐(zhu)句解釋,使世人明白(bai)空(kong)的(de)真義,不(bu)至誤會造(zao)業。由此斷一(yi)(yi)切苦(ku)厄,并可發(fa)大悲平等心(xin)救世,證(zheng)明佛法(fa)(fa)在(zai)社會上的(de)大用(yong),實是(shi)(shi)開發(fa)世界大同唯一(yi)(yi)的(de)法(fa)(fa)寶(bao)。
【般(ban)若(ruo)】這(zhe)是梵文(wen),我國名為大智慧。因為中國文(wen)字(zi)難(nan)盡其(qi)義,所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)仍用(yong)原文(wen),并(bing)且(qie)尊重這(zhe)幾個(ge)字(zi),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)譯。這(zhe)個(ge)般(ban)若(ruo),全是說(shuo)心(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)妙(miao)用(yong)。上自佛(fo),下至眾(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng),無(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)由此而(er)成佛(fo)道,了生(sheng)死,度苦厄。論其(qi)性體,是不(bu)(bu)生(sheng)不(bu)(bu)滅的(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)剛;論其(qi)相貌,卻(que)是無(wu)(wu)形無(wu)(wu)狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)相;論其(qi)妙(miao)用(yong),乃是不(bu)(bu)可(ke)測知的(de)(de)(de)(de)圓通神妙(miao)。這(zhe)個(ge)般(ban)若(ruo),是人人有(you)(you)分的(de)(de)(de)(de),佛(fo)和(he)眾(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)都(dou)是平等的(de)(de)(de)(de);不(bu)(bu)過(guo)佛(fo)是開(kai)了般(ban)若(ruo)慧,眾(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)是有(you)(you)而(er)不(bu)(bu)開(kai),被無(wu)(wu)明所(suo)(suo)蒙住了。至于般(ban)若(ruo)兩個(ge)字(zi),解釋(shi)卻(que)有(you)(you)許多字(zi),當云“通達世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)出世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)法(fa)(fa)(fa),融通無(wu)(wu)礙,恰到(dao)好處,而(er)又不(bu)(bu)執取諸法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大智慧。”才能(neng)盡其(qi)義。因為世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)人事等等,都(dou)是佛(fo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。佛(fo)是覺(jue)義,能(neng)覺(jue)悟世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上一切人情世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)故。盡了人道,才可(ke)成佛(fo)。總之,入世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)出世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),只是一心(xin)(xin)(xin),顛倒(dao)煩惱,貪嗔癡迷,是六道眾(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin);如能(neng)空凈自在(zai),不(bu)(bu)固執,便(bian)是佛(fo)菩薩的(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)。所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)離世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)(fa),便(bian)沒有(you)(you)佛(fo)法(fa)(fa)(fa);離了般(ban)若(ruo),只有(you)(you)作孽受(shou)苦厄的(de)(de)(de)(de)分了。
【波羅(luo)】此(ci)言(yan)彼(bi)(bi)岸;因為有個度字,所(suo)以假定一條生死河,眾生在(zai)苦(ku)惱(nao)的此(ci)岸,要(yao)度過到清凈的彼(bi)(bi)岸,用來比喻,不是真有此(ci)岸彼(bi)(bi)岸。
【蜜】是(shi)到的(de)意思,是(shi)到了(le)果(guo)位(wei)(wei)了(le)。果(guo)位(wei)(wei)是(shi)究竟涅盤,涅盤就是(shi)清凈(jing)。
【多】是(shi)(shi)上(shang)面的意思。到彼(bi)岸之上(shang),才是(shi)(shi)究竟。現(xian)在(zai)假分五步(bu)(bu):第(di)一步(bu)(bu)在(zai)此岸;第(di)二步(bu)(bu)入流(liu),是(shi)(shi)下了渡船(chuan)了,是(shi)(shi)初(chu)發(fa)心(xin)的人,亦是(shi)(shi)初(chu)果羅漢;第(di)三步(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)流(liu),船(chuan)在(zai)河中(zhong)間(jian),如聲聞緣覺;第(di)四(si)步(bu)(bu)到了彼(bi)岸,是(shi)(shi)十地以下的菩(pu)薩,終不是(shi)(shi)究竟;必第(di)五步(bu)(bu)上(shang)岸,“多”舍去了船(chuan),即是(shi)(shi)舍去了法(fa)見,掃除了執心(xin),斯(si)是(shi)(shi)了無掛礙的等覺菩(pu)薩和佛(fo)。
【心(xin)(xin)(xin)】心(xin)(xin)(xin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)什么(me)?是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)(ge)影子,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)有,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)無(wu)(wu)(wu):所以無(wu)(wu)(wu)形段,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)根(眼、耳、鼻(bi)、舌(she)、身、意(yi))和六(liu)塵(色、聲、香(xiang)、味、觸、法(fa)(fa))相(xiang)對(dui)起(qi)(qi)了(le)(le)認識,叫做六(liu)識(眼識、耳識、鼻(bi)識、舌(she)識、身識、意(yi)識),所以是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)集(ji)起(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)。就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)同外境集(ji)合(he)而緣(yuan)起(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)影,即名(ming)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)心(xin)(xin)(xin);心(xin)(xin)(xin)中起(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)道理,叫做幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)法(fa)(fa);執住個(ge)(ge)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)我(wo)成(cheng)(cheng)個(ge)(ge)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)見(jian),于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)熟了(le)(le),就(jiu)有六(liu)道生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死。但造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)心(xin)(xin)(xin),要開般若智(zhi)慧了(le)(le)脫(tuo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死的(de)(de)(de),還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要用這(zhe)(zhe)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)心(xin)(xin)(xin);成(cheng)(cheng)到(dao)佛(涅(nie)(nie)盤),也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用這(zhe)(zhe)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)心(xin)(xin)(xin),你既然知道是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de),那(nei)么(me)就(jiu)有幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)法(fa)(fa),一(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)人(ren)事(shi)(shi)等(deng)等(deng),六(liu)道生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死涅(nie)(nie)盤,還(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)樣是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)?由此(ci)(ci)可(ke)(ke)覺(jue)本(ben)來沒有生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死,都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)冤(yuan)枉(wang)造(zao)作。既無(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死,就(jiu)用不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)著涅(nie)(nie)盤了(le)(le),所以說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)諸法(fa)(fa)空相(xiang),涅(nie)(nie)盤生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死等(deng)空華,即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)此(ci)(ci)意(yi)。但又(you)為什么(me)分(fen)真心(xin)(xin)(xin)妄(wang)心(xin)(xin)(xin)呢(ni)?這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得已而替(ti)初(chu)學的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),其實心(xin)(xin)(xin),根本(ben)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)得,又(you)分(fen)什么(me)真和妄(wang)呢(ni)?不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)除,人(ren)事(shi)(shi)上一(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)的(de)(de)(de)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)用不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)廢,所以權分(fen)真心(xin)(xin)(xin)妄(wang)心(xin)(xin)(xin)。真心(xin)(xin)(xin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)之心(xin)(xin)(xin),何以叫無(wu)(wu)(wu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)之心(xin)(xin)(xin)呢(ni)?即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)起(qi)(qi)念(nian)時,而見(jian)聞(wen)覺(jue)知仍舊了(le)(le)了(le)(le),卻無(wu)(wu)(wu)分(fen)別(bie),寂然不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)動的(de)(de)(de),此(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)真心(xin)(xin)(xin);如一(yi)(yi)起(qi)(qi)了(le)(le)念(nian),分(fen)別(bie)人(ren)事(shi)(shi),而可(ke)(ke)以心(xin)(xin)(xin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顛倒,亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)逐(zhu)境流浪(lang),頓然歸到(dao)無(wu)(wu)(wu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)本(ben)位,此(ci)(ci)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)真心(xin)(xin)(xin)。至于(yu)念(nian)念(nian)流浪(lang),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)覺(jue)漸(jian)(jian)漸(jian)(jian)入了(le)(le)迷途(tu),此(ci)(ci)名(ming)妄(wang)心(xin)(xin)(xin),但本(ben)體勿失的(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)(zhe)部心(xin)(xin)(xin)經,就(jiu)教你凜覺(jue)的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)子,用智(zhi)慧觀照什么(me)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)?什么(me)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)苦厄?又(you)如何回(hui)歸到(dao)清(qing)凈寂滅無(wu)(wu)(wu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)之心(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)本(ben)位?所以名(ming)為般若波羅蜜(mi)多心(xin)(xin)(xin)經。
【經(jing)】有許多(duo)意思:如(ru)“路(lu)”,指(zhi)示我(wo)們回復真心(xin)之路(lu)的(de);“法(fa)(fa)”,一切方(fang)法(fa)(fa);“貫”,貫通(tong)前后的(de)義(yi)理(li);“契”,契合各(ge)人(ren)的(de)機,各(ge)事(shi)的(de)理(li),有這幾種解釋(shi)。現在二百六十個字,是(shi)文字般若(ruo),指(zhi)示我(wo)們觀照般若(ruo)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)(fa);照此去做(zuo),實證(zheng)實相般若(ruo)的(de)究(jiu)竟,總不出眾生心(xin)行(xing)中事(shi),所以經(jing)是(shi)完全(quan)指(zhi)我(wo)們自身而說的(de)。
此經(jing)共(gong)有七(qi)個(ge)翻譯,這(zhe)是(shi)唐朝(chao)三藏大師玄奘(zhuang)所(suo)(suo)譯,文(wen)是(shi)簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),義(yi)是(shi)深(shen)奧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。雖有七(qi)譯,意義(yi)是(shi)一樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。讀經(jing)當重(zhong)意義(yi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)徒(tu)在文(wen)字(zi)上(shang)死執。此經(jing)是(shi)替大乘菩(pu)薩登佛(fo)位(wei)說的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),表至高無上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)佛(fo)境(jing)(jing),意境(jing)(jing)只有自(zi)己曉(xiao)得(de),說不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)叫做無字(zi)真經(jing)。并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)真的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無字(zi),愿學人(ren)(ren)(ren)自(zi)己領會自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)境(jing)(jing)界,到了如何地位(wei);至于(yu)佛(fo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)境(jing)(jing)界,卻不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)二乘人(ren)(ren)(ren)或十地以(yi)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)菩(pu)薩可(ke)以(yi)測知(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。我(wo)們東(dong)土人(ren)(ren)(ren),大乘根器多而(er)厚,所(suo)(suo)以(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)論男的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)女的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),識字(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)識字(zi),都喜歡讀這(zhe)個(ge)經(jing);譬如人(ren)(ren)(ren)聞香,個(ge)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)知(zhi)道(dao)香味好,但(dan)多半不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)道(dao)是(shi)什么香;而(er)受薰是(shi)平等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)思(si)議。以(yi)上(shang)釋(shi)題竟。
【觀(guan)】定下了心(xin),運(yun)想那個(ge)道理叫做觀(guan)。這個(ge)觀(guan),是已證(zheng)到果地(di)圓成的妙(miao)觀(guan),不是因地(di)初修作觀(guan)的觀(guan),是大自在(zai)觀(guan),般(ban)若的大機大用已經啟(qi)發,心(xin)無能觀(guan),亦無所觀(guan),是能所雙忘的妙(miao)觀(guan)。
【自在(zai)(zai)】是(shi)(shi)無可(ke)(ke)無不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)自在(zai)(zai),不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)自由。自由是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)肯受(shou)(shou)拘束的(de)(de),但(dan)環境(jing)不(bu)(bu)如你的(de)(de)意思,便苦了。獨有自在(zai)(zai),是(shi)(shi)到(dao)處能安,自然地不(bu)(bu)受(shou)(shou)環境(jing)所困,一切(qie)好壞(huai)隨緣;樂亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)喜(xi),苦亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)惱(nao),知道他是(shi)(shi)本來空,自己有主宰的(de)(de)。這個自在(zai)(zai),是(shi)(shi)指大自在(zai)(zai)。
【菩(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)】是(shi)菩(pu)(pu)提薩(sa)(sa)埵的(de)簡稱,能自己覺悟,再能覺悟人(ren)的(de)謂之菩(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa);所以是(shi)人(ren)天的(de)導師,為(wei)三界(jie)的(de)善知(zhi)識。三界(jie)是(shi):(一(yi))欲界(jie),由人(ren)的(de)一(yi)部分下至(zhi)五道(dao);(二)色界(jie),指(zhi)天道(dao);(三)無色界(jie),指(zhi)禪天;總(zong)是(shi)在六(liu)道(dao)中。菩(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)分在家,出家,地(di)前,登地(di),十地(di)等(deng)覺,最高(gao)是(shi)一(yi)生補處菩(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa),就是(shi)佛(fo)退位后(hou),他來接(jie)位的(de),如此土(tu)的(de)彌(mi)勒佛(fo),西方的(de)觀世音大士。這個菩(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa),是(shi)指(zhi)十地(di)等(deng)覺將登佛(fo)位的(de)大自在菩(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)。
【行】心行,心中(zhong)起種(zhong)種(zhong)妙(miao)觀妙(miao)行的(de)大用,作種(zhong)種(zhong)自(zi)利(li)利(li)他(ta)二事業。
【深(shen)】不是深(shen)淺的(de)深(shen),是不可測量的(de)意(yi)思,圓遍廣大,究竟無(wu)上的(de)妙行(xing)。
【般若波羅蜜多(duo)】上(shang)面已經(jing)解釋(shi)過了,就說菩薩的功行,已到究竟地,登彼岸之(zhi)上(shang)了。
【時(shi)】這時(shi)字關系甚大(da),顯明到了(le)這個(ge)境(jing)界的時(shi)候,正(zheng)是果位的時(shi)候,已經斷除一切(qie)煩(fan)惱(nao),度(du)盡苦厄,沒有(you)掛礙的了(le)。在(zai)下兩句“照見五蘊皆(jie)空,度(du)一切(qie)苦厄”之后的意境(jing),點明大(da)自在(zai)的光景,不可草(cao)草(cao)。
【照(zhao)見】朗然覺(jue)照(zhao),徹見無余(yu)的意思,是無功(gong)用的功(gong)用,毫(hao)不著意的覺(jue)照(zhao),心神會(hui)通的了。
【五蘊(yun)】指(zhi)色(se)(se)、受(shou)(shou)、想、行(xing)(xing)、識(shi),這(zhe)五事蘊(yun)結不(bu)分,叫做五蘊(yun)。此言心(xin)和外境相(xiang)(xiang)蘊(yun)合,統名(ming)曰色(se)(se)。一個(ge)色(se)(se)字(zi),包括五個(ge)字(zi)在內(nei),并且包括外面一切一切有相(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)形形色(se)(se)色(se)(se),內(nei)面無相(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)思(si)想方面都在內(nei)。外境原是(shi)(shi)色(se)(se),而(er)我(wo)的(de)眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、意也(ye)是(shi)(shi)色(se)(se);外色(se)(se)和內(nei)色(se)(se)接觸了(le),就有個(ge)受(shou)(shou);既受(shou)(shou)了(le),就要去想象他,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)想;想到了(le),心(xin)中一行(xing)(xing)轉(zhuan)念,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing);轉(zhuan)出那(nei)知(zhi)識(shi)來,就是(shi)(shi)識(shi);所(suo)以受(shou)(shou)想行(xing)(xing)識(shi)四個(ge)也(ye)還是(shi)(shi)色(se)(se),總是(shi)(shi)幻(huan)心(xin)幻(huan)起的(de)作用,成就種種的(de)幻(huan)法。這(zhe)個(ge)五蘊(yun),是(shi)(shi)眾生(sheng)造孽受(shou)(shou)苦成立(li)六道生(sheng)死的(de)資本,但(dan)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)開般若,除習(xi)氣,度苦厄(e),了(le)生(sheng)死的(de)工
具(ju),也就(jiu)是(shi)佛菩(pu)薩(sa)成大覺(jue)度眾(zhong)生(sheng)的(de)工具(ju)。同要用五蘊,只是(shi)佛菩(pu)薩(sa)能照見本空(kong)(kong),可以善(shan)用,不被所轉,眾(zhong)生(sheng)反被所縛;是(shi)在覺(jue)不覺(jue),明空(kong)(kong)不明空(kong)(kong)之(zhi)別,不要指定(ding)為不好的(de)東西(xi),反生(sheng)了偏見。
【皆】統統包盡無余,就是一切的意思。不但人空,法亦(yi)(yi)空,連照(zhao)見亦(yi)(yi)空,因為照(zhao)見亦(yi)(yi)是五(wu)蘊,所以稱皆。
【空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)】世(shi)上(shang)的(de)人(ren),往往不明白(bai)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)道理,籠統(tong)說:空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)就是(shi)沒有(you)(you)(you)了(le)。不知“空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)”有(you)(you)(you)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間、虛空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)、空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)相(xiang)、空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)義(yi)種種的(de)分(fen)別。今(jin)分(fen)為兩種:一空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)相(xiang),是(shi)有(you)(you)(you)相(xiang)的(de),如(ru)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)屋,人(ren)滿了(le),空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)相(xiang)破了(le),所(suo)以“有(you)(you)(you)”與(yu)“空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)”是(shi)相(xiang)對的(de),這就是(shi)世(shi)人(ren)說的(de)沒有(you)(you)(you)就是(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)了(le)。經(jing)上(shang)另有(you)(you)(you)十八空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)義(yi),不必盡說。
至于(yu)佛經上(shang)(shang)所(suo)(suo)(suo)說的(de)(de)(de)“空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)義(yi)(yi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)來(lai)(lai)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)與一(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)萬有(you)(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)和(he)合的(de)(de)(de),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)對的(de)(de)(de),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de),是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)而(er)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)。要明白這(zhe)(zhe)個空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)義(yi)(yi),先得(de)明白幾點:所(suo)(suo)(suo)謂宇宙間一(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)形(xing)形(xing)色(se)色(se),山河大地,日月星(xing)辰(chen),下至一(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)用(yong)物、植物、動(dong)物和(he)我的(de)(de)(de)身(shen)體,都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang);還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)我的(de)(de)(de)思想、道理(li)、人(ren)事(shi)、人(ren)情、喜怒哀(ai)樂(le),都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)相(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang);一(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)包(bao)括在內,總名曰色(se),在因(yin)地上(shang)(shang)總是(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)為(wei)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)一(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)色(se),尋不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)出一(yi)件是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)獨立自(zi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)。第(di)一(yi)說有(you)(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de):拿布來(lai)(lai)比,布沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)獨立自(zi)性(xing)(xing)(xing),變成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)布的(de)(de)(de),須依于(yu)紗線而(er)成(cheng)(cheng);紗線不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)自(zi)為(wei)紗線,必(bi)待棉花(hua);棉花(hua)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)自(zi)有(you)(you)(you),必(bi)由種子;種子不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)自(zi)種,必(bi)賴(lai)人(ren)工天(tian)時(shi)地肥等等。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)分析開來(lai)(lai)才(cai)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),在未成(cheng)(cheng)布成(cheng)(cheng)紗前,及正(zheng)有(you)(you)(you)布有(you)(you)(you)紗時(shi),他的(de)(de)(de)本(ben)(ben)(ben)身(shen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由眾緣和(he)合而(er)成(cheng)(cheng);因(yin)為(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)緣生(sheng),所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)無(wu)有(you)(you)(you)實(shi)體,求其究(jiu)竟(jing)相(xiang)(xiang),畢竟(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)得(de),身(shen)體亦是(shi)(shi)(shi)如此(ci)。所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)一(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)一(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie),無(wu)自(zi)性(xing)(xing)(xing),無(wu)實(shi)體,因(yin)緣生(sheng),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)得(de)的(de)(de)(de),所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。第(di)二說無(wu)相(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de):拿心來(lai)(lai)說,心是(shi)(shi)(shi)什(shen)么?根本(ben)(ben)(ben)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you),但只集起的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)心。譬如夏天(tian)涼爽(shuang)的(de)(de)(de)席上(shang)(shang),人(ren)睡得(de)甜美(mei)之極,這(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)候便沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)我,沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)心;忽然蚊(wen)蟲(chong)(chong)咬(yao)了一(yi)口覺得(de)了,這(zhe)(zhe)覺得(de)的(de)(de)(de)便是(shi)(shi)(shi)蚊(wen)蟲(chong)(chong)和(he)我集合而(er)起的(de)(de)(de)心。此(ci)外(wai)一(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)都(dou)同(tong)此(ci)理(li),所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)心也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)自(zi)性(xing)(xing)(xing),因(yin)緣生(sheng),無(wu)實(shi)體,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)得(de)的(de)(de)(de),所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。因(yin)此(ci)物和(he)心,無(wu)一(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)而(er)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)幻(huan)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de),這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),和(he)一(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)一(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)分不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)開的(de)(de)(de);不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)心物之外(wai)另有(you)(you)(you)個空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)個是(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),那個不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)。所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)說到色(se),即不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)離(li)開空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong);說到空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),就不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)離(li)開一(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)色(se)。但要認(ren)明卻是(shi)(shi)(shi)緣生(sheng)幻(huan)有(you)(you)(you),又(you)須切(qie)(qie)(qie)實(shi)知道這(zhe)(zhe)個空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)地本(ben)(ben)(ben)來(lai)(lai)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),非眼耳可(ke)(ke)以(yi)見聞(wen),其義(yi)(yi)實(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。
既決定(ding)知道(dao)一切一切是(shi)(shi)本空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)而幻有(you),那(nei)又何必(bi)執取當他(ta)是(shi)(shi)實呢(ni)!但世上(shang)(shang)一切人事,如何可廢(fei),我(wo)仍隨緣應付;不(bu)是(shi)(shi)麻木無心(xin),只是(shi)(shi)勿(wu)住(zhu),行(xing)云流水的到處自(zi)在,這才是(shi)(shi)真心(xin)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。佛(fo)說(shuo)(shuo)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)是(shi)(shi)這個道(dao)理,世上(shang)(shang)盲目妄加(jia)批評(ping),豈不(bu)可惜!世人果(guo)能明(ming)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),自(zi)然(ran)心(xin)勿(wu)執取,那(nei)貪得心(xin),嗔恨心(xin),癡迷心(xin),自(zi)不(bu)會深入,天下沒有(you)極端的爭(zheng)奪了。佛(fo)法豈不(bu)是(shi)(shi)社會上(shang)(shang)最大的利益,有(you)什么迷信可說(shuo)(shuo)呢(ni)!又修(xiu)行(xing)人往(wang)往(wang)有(you)口頭禪,說(shuo)(shuo):“莫(mo)著了空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)!”這是(shi)(shi)怕他(ta)執著空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)見,正因(yin)為他(ta)根本不(bu)曾明(ming)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),總(zong)在空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)有(you)二見上(shang)(shang)作道(dao)理,格外攪擾不(bu)清了。所(suo)以明(ming)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)則破(po)色,破(po)色則心(xin)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),這是(shi)(shi)斷苦厄的第一法門!
【度】超(chao)脫的意思,就是登彼岸之(zhi)上(shang),法見都(dou)凈了也。
【一切(qie)】包羅所有,凈盡(jin)無(wu)余,凡有相(xiang)無(wu)相(xiang),人我(wo)法我(wo)種(zhong)種(zhong)苦厄,盡(jin)包在內。
【苦(ku)厄】身上的痛苦(ku),心(xin)(xin)上的不(bu)安,有(you)相無(wu)(wu)相,粗(cu)細(xi)微細(xi),都是苦(ku)厄。其實全由心(xin)(xin)起,我果(guo)無(wu)(wu)心(xin)(xin),苦(ku)在何處(chu)?心(xin)(xin)果(guo)無(wu)(wu)見(jian),厄在何處(chu)?不(bu)是不(bu)知(zhi),不(bu)是不(bu)受;因為(wei)有(you)智慧知(zhi)道本來空,能夠(gou)知(zhi)而有(you)若(ruo)無(wu)(wu)知(zhi),受而等于不(bu)受;譬(pi)如兩(liang)個人同時受苦(ku),一個擋不(bu)住,甚至苦(ku)上加苦(ku),因苦(ku)成病;一個卻(que)無(wu)(wu)所謂,心(xin)(xin)不(bu)著意,便無(wu)(wu)苦(ku)厄了(le)。
以(yi)上四(si)(si)句判為總(zong)持(chi)分,是(shi)第一(yi)(yi)段,總(zong)三藏十二部(bu)經一(yi)(yi)切法(fa),持(chi)無(wu)量義,亦是(shi)此經綱領。通(tong)了這四(si)(si)句,就明(ming)白心(xin)經宗旨(zhi)了。照此做(zuo)去,自(zi)(zi)然度苦厄,了生死(si)(si),出三界(jie),成佛道,綽乎有(you)余的了。凡(fan)不明(ming)心(xin)要(yao)的人(ren),總(zong)在文字上會(hui),不肯從自(zi)(zi)心(xin)上會(hui);弄得(de)沒(mei)有(you)辦法(fa)時,只(zhi)好今日求佛,明(ming)日求法(fa);下此者,求福(fu)報(bao),求神通(tong),死(si)(si)要(yao)一(yi)(yi)個有(you)相的憑據,離(li)佛道更(geng)遠了。深(shen)入迷途,豈不可痛!
【舍利(li)子】佛弟子的名字,即是舍利(li)弗;在聲(sheng)聞乘中(zhong),他(ta)是智慧第一(yi)。
【色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)不(bu)(bu)(bu)異(yi)空(kong)(kong)(kong),空(kong)(kong)(kong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)異(yi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong),空(kong)(kong)(kong)即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),受(shou)(shou)(shou)想行(xing)識(shi)(shi),亦復(fu)(fu)如(ru)(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)】首四句實是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)意(yi)(yi)思,總是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)空(kong)(kong)(kong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)二(er)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道理。初說(shuo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)異(yi),說(shuo)沒有(you)(you)兩樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方便的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo);后說(shuo)即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge),不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)究竟(jing)(jing)說(shuo);斬金截鐵(tie),毫(hao)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)猶豫。色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)字(zi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)單是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代表五(wu)蘊(yun),連外面宇(yu)宙萬有(you)(you)形形色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)都(dou)包在內。因(yin)為宇(yu)宙萬有(you)(you),就(jiu)沒有(you)(you)離了(le)(le)我的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)海,渾同一(yi)(yi)體,盡是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se);而(er)我的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)受(shou)(shou)(shou)、想、行(xing)、識(shi)(shi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)相(xiang)相(xiang),也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。這內外兩種(zhong)(zhong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)緣生,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)自性(xing),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實體,不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)得,根本是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)。現下(xia)雖是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻(huan)有(you)(you),畢(bi)竟(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)得的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)即色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)即空(kong)(kong)(kong),并不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)之外另有(you)(you)個(ge)空(kong)(kong)(kong)。參透上(shang)面所(suo)(suo)說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)義,就(jiu)知道這個(ge)意(yi)(yi)義了(le)(le)。所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形形種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong),亦是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)蘊(yun)流轉;而(er)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形形種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong),全似空(kong)(kong)(kong)華(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)亂起亂滅,如(ru)(ru)電影的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)幕一(yi)(yi)幕,總是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)得。你(ni)莫(mo)把這四句看(kan)作(zuo)玄妙,實是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)極(ji)普通極(ji)尋常的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道理。你(ni)只認明(ming)“一(yi)(yi)切(qie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)緣生,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)自性(xing),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實體,不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)得,所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)”。不(bu)(bu)(bu)但色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)如(ru)(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),受(shou)(shou)(shou)、想、行(xing)、識(shi)(shi)四蘊(yun)也(ye)(ye)如(ru)(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);不(bu)(bu)(bu)但五(wu)蘊(yun)如(ru)(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),宇(yu)宙萬有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)相(xiang)相(xiang),和下(xia)面一(yi)(yi)切(qie)法,如(ru)(ru)十八界,十二(er)因(yin)緣,四諦法,六度萬行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智得等,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)相(xiang)相(xiang),一(yi)(yi)切(qie)皆復(fu)(fu)如(ru)(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)凡夫(fu)執有(you)(you),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)說(shuo)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)不(bu)(bu)(bu)異(yi)空(kong)(kong)(kong);二(er)乘又執空(kong)(kong)(kong),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)說(shuo)空(kong)(kong)(kong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)異(yi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se);還有(you)(you)菩薩(sa)未曾會通不(bu)(bu)(bu)二(er)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)說(shuo)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong),空(kong)(kong)(kong)即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),總是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)破(po)他們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法見。倘(tang)明(ming)白法見也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)本空(kong)(kong)(kong),就(jiu)了(le)(le)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)掛(gua)礙(ai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)(le)。
以(yi)(yi)上(shang)七句判為色空(kong)分,為第二(er)段(duan),用(yong)以(yi)(yi)會通(tong)色空(kong)不(bu)二(er)的道(dao)理。
【舍(she)利(li)子(zi)】此時要(yao)點到本(ben)來(lai)上,在緊要(yao)關頭了,故又呼其名而告之,是鄭重的(de)意思(si)。
【是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)諸(zhu)法(fa)(fa)空(kong)(kong)(kong)相(xiang)】法(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)什(shen)么?是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)(xin)影,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)(xin)中緣起的種種道理。如果沒有(you)對(dui)象,也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)沒有(you)心(xin)(xin)沒有(you)法(fa)(fa)了(le)(le),所以(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因緣生、生而不生,無自性,無實物,不可得,本來(lai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong),不是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)造(zao)作(zuo)出來(lai)的空(kong)(kong)(kong)。古人說(shuo):心(xin)(xin)生法(fa)(fa)生,心(xin)(xin)滅(mie)(mie)法(fa)(fa)滅(mie)(mie),心(xin)(xin)既是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻,法(fa)(fa)豈是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)真!諸(zhu)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo)一(yi)切法(fa)(fa),就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)切心(xin)(xin)。世上的人,總是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)心(xin)(xin)緣心(xin)(xin),以(yi)法(fa)(fa)緣法(fa)(fa),不知本空(kong)(kong)(kong),遂當他(ta)實有(you),彼此固執(zhi)住了(le)(le),爭(zheng)執(zhi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)此多了(le)(le)。這個相(xiang)字,應作(zuo)義字解,下(xia)面(mian)正點到不生不滅(mie)(mie)的原理。
【不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滅(mie)】佛經上最不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)容易了(le)解的(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)句,須(xu)知(zhi)宇宙間(jian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切一(yi)(yi)(yi)切連我的(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)想五蘊等等,都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滅(mie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)(yin)(yin)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi):(一(yi)(yi)(yi))不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),如上面說(shuo)布(bu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)自(zi)(zi)(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)布(bu),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無自(zi)(zi)(zi)性的(de)(de)(de)(de),須(xu)賴眾緣和合(he)而生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。(二)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)他(ta)(ta)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)單(dan)靠他(ta)(ta)緣,還不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)離我這個布(bu),所以(yi)也不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)他(ta)(ta)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。那么是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(三)共生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)?不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)!也不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)共生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),因(yin)(yin)(yin)為(wei)兩(liang)面也都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)緣生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),兩(liang)無實體(ti),只是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個偶合(he),所以(yi)也不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)共生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。(四)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)無因(yin)(yin)(yin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),現(xian)在的(de)(de)(de)(de)假相(xiang),似乎是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),但必由(you)因(yin)(yin)(yin)成(cheng)果;沒有(you)可以(yi)成(cheng)布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)(yin)(yin),就(jiu)沒有(you)成(cheng)布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)果。以(yi)此類推,一(yi)(yi)(yi)切一(yi)(yi)(yi)切是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de),現(xian)在雖有(you)相(xiang),終是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。既不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),即不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滅(mie);但現(xian)在的(de)(de)(de)(de)假相(xiang),卻有(you)個假滅(mie),只是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)滅(mie),如布(bu)燒(shao)成(cheng)灰,布(bu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)自(zi)(zi)(zi)燒(shao);不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)他(ta)(ta)滅(mie),雖有(you)火燒(shao),終不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)離了(le)布(bu);不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)共滅(mie),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)無因(yin)(yin)(yin)滅(mie),都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個理,可以(yi)推想得到的(de)(de)(de)(de)。
【不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)垢(gou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)凈,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)增(zeng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)減(jian)】因為不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滅,所以垢(gou)凈、增(zeng)減(jian)、長短、是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)非、好壞、來(lai)去,一(yi)(yi)(yi)對(dui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)對(dui)的(de)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因分(fen)別(bie)而緣生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),統(tong)統(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻(huan)有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)得,所有(you)的(de)相(xiang),本來(lai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)相(xiang);因世(shi)事無(wu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)由(you)相(xiang)對(dui)而成,苦惱也由(you)相(xiang)對(dui)而立(li)。倘知根本是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因緣生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),無(wu)自(zi)性,無(wu)實體,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)得,根本是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過暫時有(you)這個(ge)虛妄相(xiang),那又何必執(zhi)為實體呢?既(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)執(zhi)有(you),亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)廢有(you);即一(yi)(yi)(yi)切法,離一(yi)(yi)(yi)切法;既(ji)此(ci)用(yong),離此(ci)用(yong);心如長空(kong)(kong)萬(wan)里,包(bao)羅一(yi)(yi)(yi)切,自(zi)在(zai)無(wu)住,此(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)諸法空(kong)(kong)相(xiang)的(de)本來(lai)面目(mu),亦(yi)即無(wu)心可(ke)心的(de)本來(lai)面目(mu)。但眾生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)久已(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知的(de)了,有(you)全不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知者(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)道(dao)眾生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),半知者(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二乘,知而未徹者(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)菩(pu)薩,都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)掛礙。所謂(wei)有(you)五部,有(you)此(ci)岸(an),有(you)入流,有(you)中流,有(you)彼岸(an)而未登岸(an)上(shang)
種種。以上五句,判為本來(lai)分,為第(di)三段,修行人最要緊是這一點(dian),切(qie)勿忽過。
【是(shi)故】此是(shi)決定的口氣。
【空(kong)中(zhong)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)色(se),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)受(shou)想(xiang)行(xing)識(shi),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)眼(yan)(yan)耳鼻舌身(shen)(shen)意(yi)(yi),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)色(se)聲香味觸法(fa)(fa),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)眼(yan)(yan)界,乃至無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)意(yi)(yi)識(shi)界】既(ji)明白了(le)(le)空(kong)中(zhong)的道(dao)(dao)理(li),那(nei)么空(kong)之(zhi)中(zhong)還有(you)(you)什(shen)么實體可(ke)得(de)呢?這“無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”字有(you)(you)兩個解釋:一(yi)是(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you),是(shi)根本不有(you)(you)的意(yi)(yi)思。二是(shi)毋的意(yi)(yi)思。因(yin)為(wei)(wei)現在(zai)雖有(you)(you)幻(huan)相,但(dan)畢竟是(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),毋庸執(zhi)取以為(wei)(wei)實有(you)(you)而生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)法(fa)(fa)見,添許多煩惱(nao)。所(suo)(suo)以五(wu)蘊(色(se)、受(shou)、想(xiang)、行(xing)、識(shi))、六(liu)根(眼(yan)(yan)、耳、鼻、舌、身(shen)(shen)、意(yi)(yi))、六(liu)塵(色(se)、聲、香、味、觸、法(fa)(fa))這是(shi)十(shi)二入,再加上六(liu)識(shi)(眼(yan)(yan)識(shi)、耳識(shi)、鼻識(shi)、舌識(shi)、身(shen)(shen)識(shi)、意(yi)(yi)識(shi))共為(wei)(wei)十(shi)八界,都(dou)是(shi)不可(ke)得(de);因(yin)為(wei)(wei)是(shi)緣(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)自性的,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實體的,不可(ke)得(de)的。然而人(ren)(ren)既(ji)有(you)(you)此(ci)幻(huan)身(shen)(shen),自有(you)(you)幻(huan)心作用(yong)(yong),不能斷滅;佛菩薩也要用(yong)(yong)以度眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),救(jiu)世(shi)間無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量苦,我人(ren)(ren)正要用(yong)(yong)此(ci)以開般(ban)若(ruo),了(le)(le)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死,出三界,不過圣人(ren)(ren)明白本來(lai)空(kong),所(suo)(suo)以無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)法(fa)(fa)執(zhi);眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)迷了(le)(le),遂生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)顛倒(dao),這是(shi)眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的大掛(gua)(gua)礙。因(yin)為(wei)(wei)地獄眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),掛(gua)(gua)礙在(zai)具(ju)足多分貪嗔(chen)(chen)癡,鬼道(dao)(dao)掛(gua)(gua)礙于多分的貪,畜(chu)道(dao)(dao)掛(gua)(gua)礙于多分的癡,魔道(dao)(dao)掛(gua)(gua)礙于多分的嗔(chen)(chen),人(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)掛(gua)(gua)礙于半分的貪嗔(chen)(chen)癡,天道(dao)(dao)掛(gua)(gua)礙于少分的貪。這貪、嗔(chen)(chen)、癡三毒,都(dou)由(you)六(liu)根六(liu)塵六(liu)識(shi)而起,只一(yi)空(kong)字可(ke)以化除一(yi)切煩惱(nao)掛(gua)(gua)礙。化除了(le)(le),當下即(ji)是(shi)菩提(ti);所(suo)(suo)以煩惱(nao)菩提(ti),同是(shi)這個東(dong)西(xi)。
【無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),亦無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)盡(jin),乃至無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)老(lao)死(si),亦無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)老(lao)死(si)盡(jin)】這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)覺(jue)(jue)(即(ji)辟支佛(fo)(fo),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)曾聞到(dao)佛(fo)(fo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)而借因(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)覺(jue)(jue)悟的(de)(de)(de)(de))執(zhi)取十(shi)二(er)(er)因(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)而生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)掛礙,他(ta)不(bu)(bu)知道(dao)諸法(fa)(fa)(fa)空(kong)相(xiang)(xiang)。既說是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),可(ke)見(jian)(jian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)實,但伊不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)空(kong),被法(fa)(fa)(fa)見(jian)(jian)縛住(zhu)了(le),不(bu)(bu)得(de)自在。那(nei)十(shi)二(er)(er)因(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi):一(yi)(yi)(yi)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming):是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)過(guo)去(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)根本煩惱(nao),只要碰(peng)到(dao)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)就(jiu)動(dong)了(le)。緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)轉下(xia)去(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意思(si)。二(er)(er)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)行:行是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行動(dong),做種(zhong)種(zhong)或(huo)善或(huo)惡的(de)(de)(de)(de)行業(ye)(ye)。三、行緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)識:由(you)于(yu)過(guo)去(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)行業(ye)(ye),而起(qi)現世(shi)受(shou)胎(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)念,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)認(ren)識而成為果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。四、識緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)名色(se):在胎(tai)中(zhong)(zhong)已有(you)(you)(you)形體(ti)而有(you)(you)(you)名色(se)。五、名色(se)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)六(liu)入(ru):是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)根具足,可(ke)以(yi)和六(liu)塵相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)。六(liu)、六(liu)入(ru)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)觸:是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)出胎(tai)后對(dui)于(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切有(you)(you)(you)所(suo)接觸了(le)。七(qi)、觸緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)受(shou):接觸之(zhi)后,就(jiu)受(shou)苦受(shou)樂而生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)種(zhong)感覺(jue)(jue)。八、受(shou)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)愛:如(ru)成年以(yi)后,就(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)強盛的(de)(de)(de)(de)愛欲(yu)。九、愛緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)取:有(you)(you)(you)了(le)愛欲(yu),就(jiu)想去(qu)取得(de),心去(qu)四面(mian)馳求。十(shi)、取緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有(you)(you)(you):取得(de)就(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)了(le),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)業(ye)(ye)成就(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)位(wei)。十(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)、有(you)(you)(you)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng):這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成立了(le),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)已,轉入(ru)未來(lai)(lai)。十(shi)二(er)(er)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)老(lao)死(si):有(you)(you)(you)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)就(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)滅(mie),一(yi)(yi)(yi)切本是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)夢幻(huan)泡影,終必變滅(mie),老(lao)死(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)段生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)。但只是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)未滅(mie),再來(lai)(lai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)轉,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)世(shi)世(shi)轉輾不(bu)(bu)已,遂有(you)(you)(you)六(liu)道(dao)輪回,總是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)作祟。乃至兩個字,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)跳至老(lao)死(si),中(zhong)(zhong)間略去(qu)十(shi)位(wei)。這(zhe)十(shi)二(er)(er)因(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),位(wei)位(wei)都依(yi)據無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)作主,不(bu)(bu)知皆是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)妄心幻(huan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)起(qi),根本無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)。盡(jin)者,極也(ye),就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)極也(ye),言無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)亦無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)也(ye),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)絕對(dui)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意思(si)。所(suo)以(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)非(fei)有(you)(you)(you)實體(ti),如(ru)空(kong)中(zhong)(zhong)華,夢中(zhong)(zhong)事;夢中(zhong)(zhong)非(fei)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),及至夢醒,了(le)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)得(de)。可(ke)惜眾生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)斷(duan)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)而下(xia),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)窮(qiong)期,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)非(fei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)惑業(ye)(ye)苦。緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)覺(jue)(jue)雖已悟到(dao)十(shi)二(er)(er)因(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),原是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)假有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)合相(xiang)(xiang);但以(yi)為是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)定(ding)法(fa)(fa)(fa)不(bu)(bu)移,所(suo)以(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)見(jian)(jian)不(bu)(bu)凈而生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)掛礙。
【無(wu)(wu)(wu)苦(ku)(ku)集滅道(dao)(dao)(dao)】這是(shi)(shi)聲(sheng)(sheng)聞執取四(si)諦(di)法,而(er)生(sheng)(sheng)掛(gua)(gua)礙。苦(ku)(ku)、集、滅、道(dao)(dao)(dao),是(shi)(shi)名四(si)諦(di),就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)四(si)種重要(yao)的道(dao)(dao)(dao)理(li)。苦(ku)(ku)是(shi)(shi)身(shen)心逼迫(po)不(bu)(bu)(bu)安(an)。眾生(sheng)(sheng)身(shen)有(you)三(san)苦(ku)(ku):老、病、死(si)。心有(you)三(san)苦(ku)(ku):貪、嗔(chen)、癡。后世(shi)有(you)三(san)苦(ku)(ku):地(di)獄、鬼、畜生(sheng)(sheng)。更有(you)三(san)災八難(nan)苦(ku)(ku)、壞苦(ku)(ku)、行苦(ku)(ku)、苦(ku)(ku)苦(ku)(ku)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)足苦(ku)(ku)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)安(an)命苦(ku)(ku)、心無(wu)(wu)(wu)寄托(tuo)苦(ku)(ku),這是(shi)(shi)苦(ku)(ku)諦(di)。卻是(shi)(shi)三(san)界六(liu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)死(si)苦(ku)(ku)果(guo),無(wu)(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)由心和境集合(he)而(er)成(cheng),這是(shi)(shi)集諦(di)。滅是(shi)(shi)消滅的意思,斷一切苦(ku)(ku),歸(gui)到(dao)清凈(jing)寂滅。因(yin)為結(jie)業既滅,則無(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)死(si)的患累,這是(shi)(shi)滅諦(di)。但(dan)(dan)要(yao)滅除(chu)那集合(he)的諸苦(ku)(ku),必(bi)得(de)有(you)個道(dao)(dao)(dao)理(li),道(dao)(dao)(dao)是(shi)(shi)正道(dao)(dao)(dao);做到(dao)正道(dao)(dao)(dao),必(bi)要(yao)助道(dao)(dao)(dao),助其離一切苦(ku)(ku),到(dao)涅盤樂,這是(shi)(shi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)諦(di)。聲(sheng)(sheng)聞執此(ci)法見以為究竟,所以分段(duan)生(sheng)(sheng)死(si),或者可了(le),變易生(sheng)(sheng)死(si)卻不(bu)(bu)(bu)易了(le)。倘明本來空(kong)(kong)(kong),知(zhi)此(ci)四(si)諦(di)法,不(bu)(bu)(bu)過一時的緣生(sheng)(sheng);不(bu)(bu)(bu)但(dan)(dan)是(shi)(shi)果(guo)上色空(kong)(kong)(kong),實是(shi)(shi)因(yin)上色空(kong)(kong)(kong),不(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)執取,便無(wu)(wu)(wu)掛(gua)(gua)礙了(le)。
【無(wu)智(zhi)亦無(wu)得】這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)菩(pu)薩的(de)(de)掛礙(ai)。菩(pu)薩執取六度(du)萬行(xing)諸法(fa),以(yi)為確有(you)(you)智(zhi)慧(hui)可(ke)(ke)(ke)得,有(you)(you)眾(zhong)生可(ke)(ke)(ke)度(du),有(you)(you)佛可(ke)(ke)(ke)成(cheng),心中不免具此波(bo)羅蜜的(de)(de)行(xing)相(xiang),微細的(de)(de)法(fa)見(jian)不曾凈(jing),所(suo)以(yi)不到(dao)究竟涅盤地。從前阿難問佛如(ru)(ru)何(he)是(shi)(shi)(shi)煩(fan)惱(nao)地獄(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)?佛說行(xing)六波(bo)羅蜜行(xing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)煩(fan)惱(nao)地獄(yu)種(zhong)(zhong);如(ru)(ru)我(wo)能布施(shi),因(yin)見(jian)他人不肯布施(shi)而(er)生厭惡,是(shi)(shi)(shi)煩(fan)惱(nao)地獄(yu)種(zhong)(zhong);我(wo)能持(chi)戒(jie)(jie)等等,因(yin)見(jian)別人不能持(chi)戒(jie)(jie)等等,心生厭恨,是(shi)(shi)(shi)煩(fan)惱(nao)地獄(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)。這(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)彌(mi)陀經上(shang)說的(de)(de)見(jian)濁,是(shi)(shi)(shi)名染法(fa),染糊(hu)涂了。況且有(you)(you)智(zhi)無(wu)智(zhi),都是(shi)(shi)(shi)幻心作用,分別為二(er)。同是(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)空(kong),更有(you)(you)何(he)法(fa)可(ke)(ke)(ke)得?世(shi)尊昔在燃燈佛所(suo)得佛授記,成(cheng)無(wu)上(shang)菩(pu)提,世(shi)尊當時并不取以(yi)為勝,因(yin)為知道(dao)性(xing)空(kong)!實無(wu)少法(fa)可(ke)(ke)(ke)得,不過名為菩(pu)提而(er)已(yi)。所(suo)以(yi)菩(pu)薩必(bi)到(dao)法(fa)無(wu)我(wo)的(de)(de)時候,才是(shi)(shi)(shi)掛礙(ai)凈(jing)盡。
【以無(wu)所得故(gu)】這是總結一句(ju),極(ji)言上面(mian)五蘊、十(shi)八界(jie)、十(shi)二(er)因緣、四(si)諦法(fa)(fa)(fa)、六度智得一切本空,仔(zi)細推求,實無(wu)所得。以上十(shi)三句(ju)判為(wei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)用分,為(wei)第四(si)段,說空了之后(hou),般若(ruo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)用自然(ran)啟發,也不受法(fa)(fa)(fa)縛(fu)了。
【菩提(ti)薩(sa)埵】簡稱就是菩薩(sa),此指已登佛位的(de)(de)明心菩薩(sa),又(you)名開士、大(da)士;又(you)薩(sa)埵譯(yi)為精進(jin)勇猛,堪以(yi)荷擔如來事業(ye)的(de)(de)人。
【依(yi)般(ban)若(ruo)波羅蜜多故】他因為依(yi)自性的(de)金剛般(ban)若(ruo),能夠(gou)超登彼(bi)岸的(de)緣故,所以有下面實證的(de)受用。我們應該知道修(xiu)行不(bu)是(shi)圖利,更不(bu)能圖名(ming),名(ming)利是(shi)生(sheng)死最(zui)毒的(de)藥(yao);名(ming)利的(de)心不(bu)死,永無出(chu)頭的(de)日子。因此(ci)因地要(yao)正(zheng),總要(yao)在(zai)自性上打算(suan),老(lao)老(lao)實實,真(zhen)參實究,決不(bu)要(yao)在(zai)神通(tong)奇特,出(chu)語玄妙上求(qiu),絲毫擋不(bu)住生(sheng)死的(de)。菩薩尚不(bu)能離開般(ban)若(ruo),何(he)況我輩,離了般(ban)若(ruo)之外(wai),更有何(he)法?這是(shi)成(cheng)佛的(de)根本條(tiao)件,肯向這條(tiao)法上走的(de),才是(shi)有智慧的(de)人,此(ci)生(sheng)決可成(cheng)就。
【心(xin)(xin)無掛礙(ai)】這個(ge)心(xin)(xin),是毫無掛礙(ai),人空法空,寂(ji)滅輕安(an)的(de)大自在心(xin)(xin),視世(shi)間出世(shi)間一切(qie)一切(qie)皆(jie)量等虛(xu)空,無有邊際,包羅萬有,了無掛礙(ai)。心(xin)(xin)且不有,掛礙(ai)何依?苦厄安(an)在?
【無掛礙故,無有(you)恐(kong)怖(bu)(bu),遠離顛(dian)倒夢想】心里既是(shi)凈空(kong)無見,白天沒有(you)想象,夜(ye)間(jian)自(zi)無亂夢,正如千眼(yan)千手,圓照十方(fang),豈有(you)顛(dian)倒?凡人恐(kong)怖(bu)(bu),先有(you)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)得(de)失(shi)心,就是(shi)有(you)我的(de)果,正是(shi)六道生(sheng)死的(de)種性。如能(neng)心空(kong)法空(kong),登(deng)于佛(fo)位,兩個(ge)(ge)生(sheng)死已了。菩薩再來世間(jian),是(shi)大悲愿力,不是(shi)業力,自(zi)然沒有(you)恐(kong)怖(bu)(bu),顛(dian)倒夢想,都遠離了,到了生(sheng)滅(mie)滅(mie)已,寂滅(mie)為樂(le)的(de)境界了。
【究(jiu)竟涅(nie)盤(pan)(pan)】這(zhe)涅(nie)盤(pan)(pan)是(shi)(shi)清凈的(de)意(yi)思。二(er)乘人(ren)是(shi)(shi)有余涅(nie)盤(pan)(pan),不(bu)是(shi)(shi)究(jiu)竟;這(zhe)究(jiu)竟涅(nie)盤(pan)(pan)是(shi)(shi)佛(fo)位(wei),名為(wei)無余涅(nie)盤(pan)(pan),連涅(nie)盤(pan)(pan)亦不(bu)可(ke)得。所謂成了佛(fo),也沒有成佛(fo)的(de)法見。本來涅(nie)盤(pan)(pan)是(shi)(shi)對生(sheng)死說的(de),既本來沒有生(sheng)死,亦安有涅(nie)盤(pan)(pan),不(bu)過(guo)同是(shi)(shi)個(ge)假名罷了。這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)菩(pu)薩的(de)果德。
【三(san)世諸(zhu)佛】無論現在(zai)佛,過去佛,未來佛,統包(bao)括(kuo)三(san)世一(yi)切(qie)諸(zhu)佛,不問(wen)已成(cheng)未成(cheng),都是一(yi)體平等(deng)。須知釋迦彌陀是果上佛,我和六道眾(zhong)生是因(yin)上佛,性(xing)自(zi)平等(deng),所以不可自(zi)棄,也不可輕(qing)人(ren)。
【依般若波(bo)羅(luo)蜜多(duo)故(gu),得(de)(de)阿(a)耨多(duo)羅(luo)三(san)藐三(san)菩(pu)(pu)提】三(san)世(shi)諸佛(fo)(fo)(fo),也無(wu)不(bu)(bu)由此(ci)法(fa)門而得(de)(de)無(wu)上菩(pu)(pu)提。一(yi)切大智慧,無(wu)不(bu)(bu)由自(zi)性佛(fo)(fo)(fo)母所(suo)(suo)生,生是(shi)(shi)啟發的(de)意(yi)思。這個得(de)(de),正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)(shi)無(wu)得(de)(de)之得(de)(de);必得(de)(de)心(xin)中了無(wu)所(suo)(suo)得(de)(de),然后本來的(de)面目斯得(de)(de)。此(ci)時(shi)無(wu)人(ren),無(wu)我,無(wu)眾生,無(wu)壽者(zhe),寂然不(bu)(bu)動,而妙用(yong)恒沙,由此(ci)啟發,這是(shi)(shi)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)的(de)果德(de)。阿(a)耨多(duo)羅(luo)是(shi)(shi)無(wu)上,三(san)藐是(shi)(shi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)等(deng)(deng),三(san)菩(pu)(pu)提是(shi)(shi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)覺;就是(shi)(shi)無(wu)上正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)等(deng)(deng)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)覺,是(shi)(shi)言佛(fo)(fo)(fo)的(de)意(yi)境。你想連佛(fo)(fo)(fo)也不(bu)(bu)能離此(ci)法(fa)門,眾生豈可自(zi)外,另覓途徑,豈非顛(dian)倒!所(suo)(suo)以不(bu)(bu)自(zi)求而他(ta)求,都是(shi)(shi)因地不(bu)(bu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),適以自(zi)誤(wu)!
以(yi)上(shang)十句判為果德(de)分,為第五段,是說(shuo)到果德(de)地位,一切掛礙才算凈盡,才是究竟涅盤,都賴觀空(kong)成(cheng)就,并(bing)無(wu)(wu)別法。又(you)以(yi)上(shang)可算是上(shang)半(ban)部心經,專說(shuo)此(ci)法無(wu)(wu)實。下面再翻身過(guo)來說(shuo)個(ge)無(wu)(wu)虛(xu)(xu),金剛經說(shuo):“此(ci)法無(wu)(wu)實無(wu)(wu)虛(xu)(xu)。”要人不要執(zhi)實,也不要執(zhi)虛(xu)(xu),正顯般若(ruo)無(wu)(wu)住的妙用(yong)。若(ruo)再深一層講,心既不有,法于何依?既沒有法,更談不到無(wu)(wu)實無(wu)(wu)虛(xu)(xu)的了。所以(yi)說(shuo),涅盤生死等空(kong)華。
【故知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)般(ban)若波羅蜜多】以(yi)(yi)下是(shi)(shi)轉入無(wu)(wu)虛,點明(ming)一知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)妙(miao)用(yong)(yong)。這(zhe)(zhe)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)是(shi)(shi)靈(ling)照(zhao)覺知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),表明(ming)悟后(hou)的(de)(de)意境,仿佛(fo)是(shi)(shi)轉而(er)(er)為有;不(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)這(zhe)(zhe)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)法,也(ye)是(shi)(shi)性(xing)空(kong),一時的(de)(de)緣生(sheng)(sheng),暫(zan)時的(de)(de)法用(yong)(yong),即是(shi)(shi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),生(sheng)(sheng)而(er)(er)不(bu)生(sheng)(sheng);所(suo)以(yi)(yi)不(bu)明(ming)無(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)道理,就不(bu)能證知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)真空(kong)的(de)(de)道理。前說(shuo)一空(kong)字(zi)(zi),是(shi)(shi)般(ban)若的(de)(de)體;此說(shuo)一知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi),是(shi)(shi)般(ban)若的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)表般(ban)若的(de)(de)至德,無(wu)(wu)可形容,無(wu)(wu)可言(yan)表;至此言(yan)語(yu)道斷,心行處滅(mie);惟(wei)(wei)有神會,惟(wei)(wei)有贊嘆,正是(shi)(shi)冷暖(nuan)自知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)時候。
【是(shi)(shi)(shi)大神咒(zhou),是(shi)(shi)(shi)大明咒(zhou),是(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)上咒(zhou),是(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)等(deng)等(deng)咒(zhou),能除一(yi)(yi)切苦(ku),真(zhen)實不(bu)(bu)虛(xu)】這六(liu)句(ju)是(shi)(shi)(shi)贊嘆的辭句(ju)。咒(zhou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)密意,以(yi)決定如是(shi)(shi)(shi)曰咒(zhou),如軍令嚴速曰咒(zhou)。以(yi)無(wu)所不(bu)(bu)包(bao)謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大;以(yi)無(wu)所不(bu)(bu)通謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神;以(yi)無(wu)所不(bu)(bu)照謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明;以(yi)無(wu)可比對無(wu)可再加(jia)謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)上;以(yi)畢竟平等(deng)謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)等(deng)等(deng);空不(bu)(bu)偏空,有不(bu)(bu)著有,于寂(ji)滅無(wu)住的性(xing)體中,能啟發恒沙妙用。六(liu)祖云:何(he)期(qi)自性(xing)本不(bu)(bu)生(sheng)滅,本不(bu)(bu)動搖(yao);何(he)期(qi)自性(xing)能生(sheng)萬法。前為無(wu)實之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體,此為無(wu)虛(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用;故(gu)能除一(yi)(yi)切苦(ku),真(zhen)實不(bu)(bu)虛(xu)。你想世上的人(ren)(ren),沒一(yi)(yi)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)沒有掛(gua)礙的痛苦(ku),哪一(yi)(yi)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)能離了佛(fo)法,佛(fo)法又何(he)曾迷(mi)信呢!
以上七句判為證(zheng)知(zhi)分,分第六段,要(yao)親證(zheng)才知(zhi)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)境界,不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)靠文字可以得知(zhi)的(de)。所以得知(zhi)的(de)必須(xu)要(yao)真(zhen)參實究,從自性上用功(gong),經是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)過借來考證(zheng)罷了(le)。總(zong)之(zhi),心通(tong)才是(shi)(shi)最大(da)神通(tong);但心不(bu)(bu)空就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)能通(tong),不(bu)(bu)通(tong)就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)能明(ming)(ming),不(bu)(bu)明(ming)(ming)則一(yi)切智慧(hui)被(bei)無明(ming)(ming)所覆(fu),不(bu)(bu)能啟發。這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)分是(shi)(shi)說心到了(le)真(zhen)空的(de)境界,自然有許多力量(liang);不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)有苦再(zai)除(chu),卻使(shi)一(yi)切苦厄無所依附,根本無苦厄的(de)了(le)。
張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu),生(sheng)卒(zu)年不(bu)(bu)(bu)詳,字(zi)伯高(gao),一(yi)(yi)字(zi)季明,吳郡(江蘇蘇州)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。初仕為(wei)常(chang)(chang)熟尉,后官(guan)至(zhi)金吾長(chang)史(shi),人(ren)(ren)(ren)稱“張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)長(chang)史(shi)”。其母陸氏為(wei)初唐(tang)書(shu)家陸柬之的(de)(de)(de)侄(zhi)女(nv),即虞世南的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)孫女(nv)。陸氏世代以(yi)書(shu)傳業,有(you)稱于史(shi)。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)為(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)灑(sa)脫不(bu)(bu)(bu)羈(ji),豁達大度,卓爾不(bu)(bu)(bu)群,才華橫溢,學識淵(yuan)博。與李白、賀知章相(xiang)友善,杜甫將他(ta)(ta)三人(ren)(ren)(ren)列(lie)入“飲中八仙(xian)”。是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)位極有(you)個(ge)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)草書(shu)大家,因他(ta)(ta)常(chang)(chang)喝得(de)大醉(zui)(zui)(zui),就呼叫狂走,然(ran)后落(luo)筆(bi)成書(shu),甚至(zhi)以(yi)頭發蘸墨(mo)書(shu)寫,故又有(you)“張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)顛”的(de)(de)(de)雅(ya)稱。后懷素(su)繼(ji)承和發展了其筆(bi)法,也以(yi)草書(shu)得(de)名,并(bing)稱“顛張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)醉(zui)(zui)(zui)素(su)”。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)性(xing)格豪放(fang),嗜(shi)好飲酒(jiu),常(chang)(chang)在(zai)大醉(zui)(zui)(zui)后手舞(wu)足(zu)蹈,然(ran)后回(hui)到桌前,提筆(bi)落(luo)墨(mo),一(yi)(yi)揮而(er)就。有(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)說(shuo)他(ta)(ta)粗魯(lu),給他(ta)(ta)取了個(ge)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)癲的(de)(de)(de)雅(ya)號。其實他(ta)(ta)很(hen)細心,他(ta)(ta)認為(wei)在(zai)日常(chang)(chang)生(sheng)活中所觸到的(de)(de)(de)事(shi)物,都能啟(qi)發寫字(zi)。偶有(you)所獲,即熔冶于自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)書(shu)法中。當時(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們只要得(de)到他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)片紙支字(zi),都視若(ruo)珍品,世襲真藏(zang)。那時(shi)候(hou),張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)有(you)個(ge)鄰居(ju),家境(jing)貧困,聽說(shuo)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)性(xing)情慷慨,就寫信給張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu),希望得(de)到他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)資助(zhu)。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)非常(chang)(chang)同情鄰人(ren)(ren)(ren),便在(zai)信中說(shuo)道:您只要說(shuo)這信是(shi)(shi)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)寫的(de)(de)(de),要價可上百金。鄰人(ren)(ren)(ren)將信照(zhao)著他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)話上街(jie)售賣,果(guo)然(ran)不(bu)(bu)(bu)到半(ban)日就被爭(zheng)購一(yi)(yi)空。鄰人(ren)(ren)(ren)高(gao)興地回(hui)到家,并(bing)向張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)致萬分的(de)(de)(de)感謝。
張旭(xu)的(de)書(shu)法(fa),始化于(yu)張芝(zhi)、二(er)王一路,以(yi)草(cao)書(shu)成就最高(gao)。史稱“草(cao)圣”。他(ta)(ta)自(zi)己以(yi)繼承“二(er)王”傳統為(wei)自(zi)豪,字(zi)字(zi)有(you)法(fa),另一方面(mian)又效法(fa)張芝(zhi)草(cao)書(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)藝(yi),創造(zao)出瀟灑磊落,變(bian)幻莫測的(de)狂草(cao)來(lai),其狀驚世駭(hai)俗。相傳他(ta)(ta)見公(gong)主與擔夫爭道,又聞鼓(gu)吹而得筆法(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)意;在河南(nan)鄴縣時愛(ai)看公(gong)孫大娘(niang)舞西河劍器(qi),并因(yin)此而得草(cao)書(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)神。顏(yan)真(zhen)卿(qing)曾兩度辭官(guan)向他(ta)(ta)請(qing)教筆法(fa)。張旭(xu)是(shi)一位純粹的(de)藝(yi)術(shu)家,他(ta)(ta)把滿腔情感(gan)傾(qing)注在點(dian)畫之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian),旁若無人,如醉(zui)(zui)如癡,如癲如狂。唐(tang)韓愈(yu)《送高(gao)閑上人序》中贊(zan)之(zhi)(zhi):“喜怒、窘(jiong)窮、憂(you)悲、愉佚、怨恨(hen)、思慕(mu)、酣(han)醉(zui)(zui)、無聊、不平(ping),有(you)動于(yu)心,必于(yu)草(cao)書(shu)焉(yan)發(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)。觀于(yu)物,見山水崖(ya)谷(gu)、鳥獸蟲魚、草(cao)木之(zhi)(zhi)花(hua)實(shi)、日月列(lie)星(xing)、風雨水火、雷霆霹靂、歌(ge)舞戰斗、天(tian)地(di)事物之(zhi)(zhi)變(bian),可喜可愕,一寓于(yu)書(shu),故旭(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)書(shu),變(bian)動猶(you)鬼神,不可端倪,以(yi)此終其身而名后世。”這是(shi)一位真(zhen)正(zheng)的(de)藝(yi)術(shu)家對(dui)藝(yi)術(shu)的(de)執著的(de)真(zhen)實(shi)寫照。難(nan)怪后人論(lun)及唐(tang)人書(shu)法(fa),對(dui)歐、虞(yu)、褚、顏(yan)、柳(liu)、素(su)等均有(you)褒(bao)貶,唯(wei)對(dui)張旭(xu)無不贊(zan)嘆不已,這是(shi)藝(yi)術(shu)史上絕無僅有(you)的(de)。