八百里(li)秦川之(zhi)(zhi)中有一(yi)地名曰龍窩,清光緒年井一(yi)口,井水通(tong)靈,適(shi)于釀(niang)酒,隨之(zhi)(zhi)龍窩酒應運而生,愈釀(niang)愈醇,香溢(yi)關中。龍窩酒志記載(zai),昔日(ri)龍窩,東西臨河,曲流九灣,積水成潭,常有低云起霧(wu)巨龍騰(teng)空之(zhi)(zhi)壯觀,人云:龍臥福地,飲水還童龍窩,因此而得(de)名。
龍窩酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)作坊創建(jian)于清代光緒年間,距今已有(you)(you)百余年歷(li)史。至民國時期,龍窩酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)名揚關中,民間有(you)(you)“東龍西(xi)鳳(feng)”之美譽。 龍窩酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)釀造(zao)技藝在承傳古法中被(bei)歷(li)代師傅總結為九句(ju)口決,即(ji):“人得(de)(de)(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)誠、水得(de)(de)(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)甘、曲得(de)(de)(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)時、糧得(de)(de)(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)實、器得(de)(de)(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)潔(jie)、工(gong)得(de)(de)(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)細(xi)、拌得(de)(de)(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)準(zhun)、火得(de)(de)(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)緩(huan)、酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)真”。其(qi)(qi)知識、經驗、準(zhun)則自(zi)成系統。
龍(long)(long)(long)(long)窩酒(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)釀制(zhi)用(yong)曲(qu)(qu)為(wei)中溫曲(qu)(qu),采用(yong)關中地(di)區(qu)優質小麥、大麥、碗豆三(san)種(zhong)原(yuan)料(liao),工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)采用(yong)古(gu)法制(zhi)曲(qu)(qu),經(jing)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)踩坯(pi),入(ru)室發(fa)酵(jiao)而(er)成(cheng)。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)窩酒(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)釀造(zao)酒(jiu)原(yuan)料(liao)采用(yong)關中地(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)優質高梁、玉米為(wei)原(yuan)料(liao),以(yi)稻糠皮(pi)為(wei)輔料(liao)。工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)過(guo)程包括潤糝(san)、清蒸、加漿、攤涼、加曲(qu)(qu)、入(ru)窖、發(fa)酵(jiao)及蒸餾等,其每(mei)(mei)一(yi)(yi)個環節都有著獨特的(de)(de)(de)知識(shi)、經(jing)驗和操(cao)作準則。 龍(long)(long)(long)(long)窩酒(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)繁雜(za)工(gong)(gong)序都是(shi)手工(gong)(gong)完成(cheng),這是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)依賴感性和經(jing)驗的(de)(de)(de)操(cao)作過(guo)程。一(yi)(yi)百(bai)多年(nian)(nian)來,它的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)技術全靠師徒(tu)傳承,經(jing)過(guo)一(yi)(yi)代代“酒(jiu)把式”的(de)(de)(de)不斷實踐(jian),龍(long)(long)(long)(long)窩酒(jiu)釀造(zao)技藝(yi)(yi)已經(jing)形成(cheng)了一(yi)(yi)套獨特而(er)完整的(de)(de)(de)知識(shi)系統,從原(yuan)料(liao)特點(dian)到(dao)制(zhi)曲(qu)(qu)和發(fa)酵(jiao),它的(de)(de)(de)每(mei)(mei)一(yi)(yi)個重要(yao)環節都和關中的(de)(de)(de)氣候相適應。百(bai)余年(nian)(nian)來,龍(long)(long)(long)(long)窩酒(jiu)作坊一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)延續著祭拜龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)和酒(jiu)神的(de)(de)(de)傳統,這種(zhong)習俗和其釀造(zao)技藝(yi)(yi)共同構成(cheng)了古(gu)代釀酒(jiu)文(wen)化(hua)較為(wei)完整的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)(shi)面貌,具有很高的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)(shi)和文(wen)化(hua)價值。