一(yi)、電熱水袋里面的液體是什么(me)?

其實細心的人都會發現電熱水袋里的“水”并不是普通的水，它之所以能夠被加熱而且可以較長時間的保持熱度都是有它的奧妙的。那么到底電熱水袋里面是什么呢？很多手腳易發涼的人幾乎是整個冬天電熱水袋不離身的，電熱水袋很神奇，一插電就熱了，有很多人覺得其實電熱水袋就是燒開水，那么就錯了。

電熱水袋里面(mian)是(shi)什(shen)么呢？其實是(shi)鐵粉或鐵氧體，電(dian)熱(re)水(shui)袋是(shi)靠(kao)電(dian)磁(ci)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產生(sheng)電(dian)磁(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東西是(shi)封閉起來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，是(shi)為(wei)了(le)防止漏電(dian)，如(ru)果通了(le)電(dian)以后就(jiu)產生(sheng)磁(ci)場，鐵和(he)磁(ci)是(shi)相互(hu)反應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，使所(suo)謂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)里面(mian)產生(sheng)渦流(liu)和(he)磁(ci)滯然(ran)后就(jiu)產生(sheng)了(le)熱(re)能(neng)(neng)，和(he)變(bian)壓器為(wei)什(shen)么會發熱(re)是(shi)相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)都是(shi)因為(wei)磁(ci)滯和(he)渦流(liu)而(er)熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，人們把變(bian)壓器做成一片(pian)一片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硅剛片(pian)就(jiu)是(shi)為(wei)了(le)減(jian)小磁(ci)滯和(he)渦流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，從(cong)而(er)提(ti)高效率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，而(er)熱(re)水(shui)袋則是(shi)相反的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"溫溫潤澤"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、電熱水袋的工作原理

電(dian)熱(re)水(shui)袋里的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)飽和(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液。在(zai)(zai)某種溫(wen)度下(xia)，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質在(zai)(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)是(shi)不變的(de)(de)(de)(de)，例如食鹽在(zai)(zai)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)在(zai)(zai)室(shi)溫(wen)時是(shi)36g/100mL水(shui)。當溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濃度與其可溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)相等時，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液便(bian)稱為(wei)飽和(he)(he)(he)液；而(er)當溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液的(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)度比其可溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)還要高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液便(bian)稱為(wei)過(guo)(guo)飽和(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液。暖(nuan)手袋里的(de)(de)(de)(de)液體就是(shi)過(guo)(guo)飽和(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液醋酸鈉。由(you)(you)于過(guo)(guo)飽和(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液的(de)(de)(de)(de)濃度太高(gao)，當扭曲金屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou),所產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)輕微(wei)震(zhen)動便(bian)足以使溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質結(jie)晶(jing)，變成較穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)固體。然而(er)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)放熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，所以暖(nuan)手袋告開(kai)始(shi)暖(nuan)起來。只要把充(chong)電(dian)熱(re)水(shui)袋放入(ru)沸水(shui)中(zhong)加熱(re)約10分鐘，凝結(jie)了的(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質便(bian)會再次(ci)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解；這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)由(you)(you)于在(zai)(zai)高(gao)溫(wen)下(xia)，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)可溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)增加。在(zai)(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質進行吸熱(re)反應，再次(ci)成為(wei)過(guo)(guo)飽和(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液。

三、電熱水袋分類

按產品結構分類

電暖寶產品按有(you)電熱餅、電熱水袋(dai)和電暖式暖手(shou)寶。

固體電熱餅

其(qi)(qi)填充是保溫(wen)棉(如(ru)：陶瓷(ci)棉等其(qi)(qi)他(ta)的)，使(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)絲加熱(re)(re)(re)，將熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)傳(chuan)遞給石棉或玻璃纖維保熱(re)(re)(re)。工作原理是：用雙控(kong)(kong)(kong)溫(wen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)儲能(neng)式(shi)(shi)結構(gou),逐漸釋(shi)放熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)。內設自(zi)動(dong)過熱(re)(re)(re)保護裝置及(ji)自(zi)動(dong)保溫(wen)指示裝置，一個由PTC熱(re)(re)(re)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻開關控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的小電(dian)(dian)(dian)爐，PTC是正溫(wen)度系數(shu)的熱(re)(re)(re)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流通過時(shi)自(zi)身會(hui)發熱(re)(re)(re)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)爐的熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)也(ye)會(hui)傳(chuan)導給它(ta)的)，當(dang)溫(wen)度到達(da)一定值(zhi)時(shi)，它(ta)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻會(hui)急劇增大，可以視為斷開，此時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶(bao)減(jian)少消(xiao)耗的電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，之后靠保溫(wen)棉對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的保溫(wen)來緩(huan)慢(man)放熱(re)(re)(re)。這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶(bao)保溫(wen)時(shi)間長(chang)，缺點是它(ta)無(wu)法徹底(di)切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，為了預防萬一，加熱(re)(re)(re)時(shi)不可離人，且加熱(re)(re)(re)完成后溫(wen)度較高，在使(shi)用時(shi)必須套上布袋，以免燙傷。目前，市面上的電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶(bao)很少使(shi)用這種控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)方式(shi)(shi)。

電熱水袋

軟質液體(ti)電(dian)熱(re)(re)寶使用(yong)新技術儲能發(fa)熱(re)(re)劑(ji)，加(jia)熱(re)(re)升溫(wen)迅速。一次性注水(shui)(shui)(shui)，永久使用(yong)，獨特防爆免燙和(he)溫(wen)控保護裝(zhuang)置；使用(yong)壽命(ming)長：保溫(wen)持久等優勢。由于(yu)(yu)用(yong)戶(hu)無需注水(shui)(shui)(shui)即可直(zhi)接使用(yong)，免去(qu)了傳統(tong)熱(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)袋頻繁換水(shui)(shui)(shui)帶來(lai)的麻煩和(he)不安(an)全。從電(dian)熱(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)袋的發(fa)熱(re)(re)原理看，這種電(dian)暖寶有電(dian)極式(shi)和(he)電(dian)熱(re)(re)元(yuan)件(jian)式(shi)兩(liang)大類。其中(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)極式(shi)電(dian)暖寶由于(yu)(yu)兩(liang)個電(dian)極(或螺(luo)絲)直(zhi)接裸露在水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)，造成的漏電(dian)風(feng)險也很大。

電池式暖手寶

這種產(chan)品(pin)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)內(nei)置鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池亦或是(shi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)5號電(dian)(dian)池進行供電(dian)(dian)驅動，利用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)阻產(chan)生熱(re)量(liang)的(de)原理(li)進行暖手。目前該款(kuan)產(chan)品(pin)在2010年由(you)日本三洋公司在世界率(lv)先推出(chu)，之后尤(you)其是(shi)2011年冬開始被(bei)(bei)眾多(duo)廠(chang)家模仿，但產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質一直(zhi)未(wei)被(bei)(bei)超越。這種產(chan)品(pin)對(dui)(dui)比(bi)前兩種類型，加(jia)(jia)熱(re)不受市電(dian)(dian)供電(dian)(dian)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)的(de)約束，可將溫度(du)迅(xun)速提(ti)升至(zhi)40℃以內(nei)，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)內(nei)置鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池型可以充滿電(dian)(dian)以備需(xu)要時開啟使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，而(er)采用(yong)(yong)5號電(dian)(dian)池型則更方便隨(sui)(sui)時隨(sui)(sui)地更換，尤(you)其適合(he)外出(chu)。產(chan)品(pin)優點：隨(sui)(sui)時隨(sui)(sui)地取暖，不受市電(dian)(dian)影(ying)響，體(ti)(ti)積輕巧(qiao)，恒溫加(jia)(jia)熱(re)在40℃人體(ti)(ti)正常(chang)取暖所需(xu)的(de)安全溫度(du)以內(nei)，十分安全;缺點：由(you)于(yu)(yu)產(chan)品(pin)體(ti)(ti)積小(xiao)巧(qiao)，直(zhi)接導致電(dian)(dian)池容量(liang)不理(li)想(xiang)，導熱(re)時間不夠長(chang)，通常(chang)最長(chang)為1小(xiao)時(高于(yu)(yu)此值(zhi)，均為虛(xu)假宣傳)，由(you)于(yu)(yu)體(ti)(ti)積小(xiao)，無(wu)法大面積取暖。

按發熱原理分類

電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶(bao)分(fen)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極式(shi)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)絲式(shi)兩(liang)種。其中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)極式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶(bao)中(zhong)有正(zheng)負兩(liang)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極，直接(jie)和(he)袋(dai)中(zhong)的液體(電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質溶液)接(jie)觸，電(dian)(dian)(dian)極通電(dian)(dian)(dian)后，溶液就帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)加熱(re)，加熱(re)時間較短(約2～8分(fen)鐘)，但(dan)液體膨脹(zhang)較快，容易爆(bao)炸。電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)絲式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶(bao)中(zhong)有一(yi)個(ge)絕緣體線圈，摸(mo)上去體積(ji)比電(dian)(dian)(dian)極式(shi)發(fa)熱(re)體明顯要大。