一、電熱水袋里面的(de)液(ye)體是(shi)什(shen)么?

其實細心的人都會發現電熱水袋里的“水”并不是普通的水，它之所以能夠被加熱而且可以較長時間的保持熱度都是有它的奧妙的。那么到底電熱水袋里面是什么呢？很多手腳易發涼的人幾乎是整個冬天電熱水袋不離身的，電熱水袋很神奇，一插電就熱了，有很多人覺得其實電熱水袋就是燒開水，那么就錯了。

電熱水袋里(li)面是(shi)(shi)什(shen)么(me)(me)呢？其實是(shi)(shi)鐵(tie)粉(fen)或(huo)鐵(tie)氧體，電熱(re)水袋是(shi)(shi)靠電磁產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產生(sheng)電磁的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東西(xi)是(shi)(shi)封(feng)閉起來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，是(shi)(shi)為了(le)防止(zhi)漏(lou)電，如果(guo)通了(le)電以后就產生(sheng)磁場，鐵(tie)和(he)(he)磁是(shi)(shi)相(xiang)互反(fan)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，使所謂(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水里(li)面產生(sheng)渦流(liu)和(he)(he)磁滯然后就產生(sheng)了(le)熱(re)能，和(he)(he)變壓器為什(shen)么(me)(me)會發熱(re)是(shi)(shi)相(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)都是(shi)(shi)因為磁滯和(he)(he)渦流(liu)而(er)熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，人們把(ba)變壓器做成一片一片的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硅剛片就是(shi)(shi)為了(le)減小(xiao)磁滯和(he)(he)渦流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，從而(er)提高效率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，而(er)熱(re)水袋則是(shi)(shi)相(xiang)反(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"溫溫潤澤"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、電熱水袋的工作原理

電熱水(shui)袋里(li)的(de)(de)過(guo)飽(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)。在(zai)某種溫度下(xia)，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質在(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑中(zhong)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性是(shi)(shi)不變(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)，例(li)如食鹽在(zai)水(shui)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性在(zai)室溫時(shi)是(shi)(shi)36g/100mL水(shui)。當溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)中(zhong)的(de)(de)濃度與其(qi)可(ke)(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性相(xiang)等時(shi)，這(zhe)(zhe)種溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)便(bian)(bian)稱為飽(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)液(ye)(ye)；而當溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)度比其(qi)可(ke)(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性還(huan)要(yao)高(gao)的(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)，這(zhe)(zhe)種溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)便(bian)(bian)稱為過(guo)飽(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)。暖手袋里(li)的(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)體就是(shi)(shi)過(guo)飽(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)醋酸鈉。由(you)于過(guo)飽(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)濃度太高(gao)，當扭曲金(jin)屬的(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou),所(suo)產(chan)生的(de)(de)輕微震動便(bian)(bian)足(zu)以使溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質結晶(jing)，變(bian)(bian)成較穩定(ding)的(de)(de)固體。然而，這(zhe)(zhe)個過(guo)程是(shi)(shi)放熱的(de)(de)，所(suo)以暖手袋告開始(shi)暖起來。只要(yao)把充電熱水(shui)袋放入沸(fei)水(shui)中(zhong)加(jia)熱約(yue)10分(fen)鐘，凝結了的(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質便(bian)(bian)會再次溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解；這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)由(you)于在(zai)高(gao)溫下(xia)，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性增加(jia)。在(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解的(de)(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質進行吸熱反應，再次成為過(guo)飽(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)。

三、電熱水袋分類

按產品結構分類

電暖寶(bao)產(chan)品(pin)按有(you)電熱餅、電熱水袋和電暖式暖手(shou)寶(bao)。

固體電熱餅

其填(tian)充是(shi)保(bao)溫棉(mian)(如：陶(tao)瓷棉(mian)等其他的(de)(de)(de))，使(shi)(shi)用電熱(re)(re)(re)絲加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)，將熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)傳遞(di)給石棉(mian)或玻璃纖維保(bao)熱(re)(re)(re)。工作原理(li)是(shi)：用雙控溫電熱(re)(re)(re)儲能(neng)式結構(gou),逐(zhu)漸釋放熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)。內設自動過(guo)熱(re)(re)(re)保(bao)護裝置(zhi)及自動保(bao)溫指示裝置(zhi)，一個由PTC熱(re)(re)(re)敏電阻開(kai)關控制的(de)(de)(de)小電爐，PTC是(shi)正溫度(du)系數的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)敏電阻，當電流通過(guo)時(shi)自身會發熱(re)(re)(re)(電爐的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)也(ye)會傳導給它的(de)(de)(de))，當溫度(du)到達(da)一定值時(shi)，它的(de)(de)(de)電阻會急劇(ju)增大，可(ke)以視(shi)為斷開(kai)，此(ci)時(shi)電暖寶減少消耗的(de)(de)(de)電能(neng)，之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)靠保(bao)溫棉(mian)對(dui)電路的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)溫來緩慢放熱(re)(re)(re)。這(zhe)種電暖寶保(bao)溫時(shi)間長，缺點是(shi)它無法(fa)徹底切(qie)斷電路，為了預防萬一，加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)時(shi)不(bu)可(ke)離人，且加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)完成后(hou)(hou)溫度(du)較(jiao)高，在(zai)使(shi)(shi)用時(shi)必須套上(shang)布(bu)袋，以免燙(tang)傷。目前(qian)，市(shi)面上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)電暖寶很(hen)少使(shi)(shi)用這(zhe)種控制方(fang)式。

電熱水袋

軟質液體電(dian)(dian)熱(re)寶(bao)使用(yong)新技術儲能發(fa)熱(re)劑，加(jia)熱(re)升溫迅速。一次性注水(shui)(shui)(shui)，永久使用(yong)，獨(du)特(te)防爆免(mian)燙和(he)(he)溫控保(bao)(bao)護裝置；使用(yong)壽(shou)命長：保(bao)(bao)溫持(chi)久等優勢。由(you)于用(yong)戶無需注水(shui)(shui)(shui)即可直接使用(yong)，免(mian)去(qu)了傳(chuan)統熱(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)袋頻繁換(huan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)帶(dai)來的(de)(de)麻煩和(he)(he)不安全。從電(dian)(dian)熱(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)袋的(de)(de)發(fa)熱(re)原理看(kan)，這種電(dian)(dian)暖寶(bao)有(you)電(dian)(dian)極式和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)元件式兩(liang)大類。其中，電(dian)(dian)極式電(dian)(dian)暖寶(bao)由(you)于兩(liang)個電(dian)(dian)極(或螺絲)直接裸(luo)露在水(shui)(shui)(shui)中，造成的(de)(de)漏電(dian)(dian)風險也很大。

電池式暖手寶

這(zhe)種(zhong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)使(shi)用內(nei)置鋰(li)(li)電池(chi)亦(yi)或是使(shi)用5號電池(chi)進(jin)行供電驅動(dong)，利用電阻產(chan)(chan)生熱(re)量的原理(li)進(jin)行暖(nuan)手(shou)。目前該款產(chan)(chan)品(pin)在2010年(nian)由日本三洋公司在世界(jie)率先推出(chu)，之后尤(you)其是2011年(nian)冬開始(shi)被(bei)眾多廠(chang)家(jia)模仿，但產(chan)(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質一直未被(bei)超(chao)越(yue)。這(zhe)種(zhong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)對比(bi)前兩種(zhong)類(lei)型，加(jia)熱(re)不(bu)受(shou)市電供電加(jia)熱(re)的約(yue)束(shu)，可將溫度迅速提升至40℃以內(nei)，對于內(nei)置鋰(li)(li)電池(chi)型可以充(chong)滿(man)電以備需(xu)要時開啟使(shi)用，而(er)采用5號電池(chi)型則更方便隨(sui)時隨(sui)地更換，尤(you)其適合外出(chu)。產(chan)(chan)品(pin)優點(dian)：隨(sui)時隨(sui)地取暖(nuan)，不(bu)受(shou)市電影響，體(ti)積(ji)輕巧，恒溫加(jia)熱(re)在40℃人體(ti)正(zheng)常(chang)取暖(nuan)所需(xu)的安(an)全溫度以內(nei)，十(shi)分安(an)全;缺點(dian)：由于產(chan)(chan)品(pin)體(ti)積(ji)小巧，直接導(dao)致電池(chi)容量不(bu)理(li)想，導(dao)熱(re)時間不(bu)夠長，通常(chang)最長為1小時(高(gao)于此值，均為虛(xu)假(jia)宣傳(chuan))，由于體(ti)積(ji)小，無法大面(mian)積(ji)取暖(nuan)。

按發熱原理分類

電(dian)(dian)暖寶(bao)分(fen)為電(dian)(dian)極(ji)式(shi)(shi)(shi)和電(dian)(dian)熱(re)絲(si)式(shi)(shi)(shi)兩(liang)種(zhong)。其中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)極(ji)式(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)暖寶(bao)中(zhong)有正負兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)，直接和袋中(zhong)的液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(電(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)溶液(ye))接觸，電(dian)(dian)極(ji)通電(dian)(dian)后，溶液(ye)就帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)加熱(re)，加熱(re)時間(jian)較(jiao)短(duan)(約(yue)2～8分(fen)鐘)，但液(ye)體(ti)(ti)膨脹較(jiao)快，容易爆(bao)炸。電(dian)(dian)熱(re)絲(si)式(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)暖寶(bao)中(zhong)有一個(ge)(ge)絕緣體(ti)(ti)線圈，摸上去(qu)體(ti)(ti)積比電(dian)(dian)極(ji)式(shi)(shi)(shi)發熱(re)體(ti)(ti)明顯要大。