電(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備維(wei)修的十項原則 電(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備檢查方法和操作實(shi)踐

1．先動(dong)(dong)口再動(dong)(dong)手對于(yu)有(you)故障的(de)(de)(de)電氣(qi)設備，不應(ying)(ying)急于(yu)動(dong)(dong)手，應(ying)(ying)先詢問(wen)產生(sheng)故障的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)后經(jing)過及故障現象。對于(yu)生(sheng)疏的(de)(de)(de)設備，還應(ying)(ying)先熟悉電路原理(li)和結構(gou)特點，遵(zun)守相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)規則。拆(chai)卸前(qian)要充分熟悉每(mei)個電氣(qi)部件的(de)(de)(de)功能、位置、連(lian)接方式(shi)以(yi)及與四周其他(ta)器(qi)件的(de)(de)(de)關系，在沒有(you)組裝圖的(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)，應(ying)(ying)一邊(bian)拆(chai)卸，一邊(bian)畫草圖，并記上標(biao)記。

2．先(xian)外部后內部應先(xian)檢(jian)查設備(bei)有無明顯裂痕、缺(que)損，了解其維(wei)修史、使(shi)用年限等，然后再對機內進行(xing)檢(jian)查。拆前應排隊(dui)周邊的(de)故障因(yin)素，確定為機內故障后才能(neng)拆卸，否則，盲(mang)目(mu)拆卸，可能(neng)將設備(bei)越(yue)修越(yue)壞。

3．先機械后電氣，只有(you)在確(que)定機械零件無(wu)故障(zhang)(zhang)后，再進行電氣方(fang)面(mian)的檢查。檢查電路(lu)故障(zhang)(zhang)時，應(ying)利用檢測(ce)儀器尋找故障(zhang)(zhang)部位，確(que)認無(wu)接觸(chu)不良故障(zhang)(zhang)后，再有(you)針對性地查看線(xian)路(lu)與機械的運作關系，以免誤判。

4．先(xian)靜態(tai)后(hou)動態(tai)在(zai)設備未通(tong)電(dian)時(shi)，判(pan)(pan)定(ding)電(dian)氣(qi)設備按鈕、接觸(chu)器、熱繼(ji)電(dian)器以及保險絲的(de)好壞，從而判(pan)(pan)定(ding)故(gu)障的(de)所在(zai)。通(tong)電(dian)試驗(yan)，聽其聲(sheng)、測(ce)參(can)數、判(pan)(pan)定(ding)故(gu)障，最后(hou)進行維(wei)修。如在(zai)電(dian)動機缺(que)相(xiang)(xiang)時(shi)，若測(ce)量(liang)三相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)壓值無法著判(pan)(pan)別時(shi)，就應該聽其聲(sheng)，單獨(du)測(ce)每(mei)相(xiang)(xiang)對地電(dian)壓，方可判(pan)(pan)定(ding)哪一相(xiang)(xiang)缺(que)損。

5．先清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)后維修，對污(wu)染較重的電氣設備，先對其(qi)按鈕、接線點、接觸點進行(xing)清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)，檢查外(wai)部控制鍵是(shi)否失靈(ling)。許多(duo)故障都是(shi)由臟污(wu)及(ji)導電塵塊引(yin)起的，一(yi)經(jing)清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)故障往(wang)往(wang)會排除。

6．先電源后設備電源部分的故障(zhang)率在整(zheng)個故障(zhang)設備中占(zhan)的比例(li)很高，所以先檢修(xiu)電源往(wang)往(wang)可(ke)以事半(ban)功倍。

7．先普遍后非凡，因裝配配件質量或其他設(she)備(bei)故障(zhang)(zhang)而引起的(de)故障(zhang)(zhang)，一般占常見(jian)故障(zhang)(zhang)的(de)50左右。電氣設(she)備(bei)的(de)非凡故障(zhang)(zhang)多(duo)為軟故障(zhang)(zhang)，要靠(kao)經驗和儀表來測量和維修(xiu)。

8．先外圍后內部(bu)，先不要急(ji)于更(geng)換損壞(huai)的(de)電氣部(bu)件(jian)，在確(que)認外圍設備電路(lu)正(zheng)常時，再(zai)考慮更(geng)換損壞(huai)的(de)電氣部(bu)件(jian)。

9．先直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)后交流(liu)(liu)，檢(jian)修時，必須(xu)先檢(jian)查直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)回(hui)路靜態工作(zuo)點，再交流(liu)(liu)回(hui)路動態工作(zuo)點。

10．先故障后調(diao)試(shi)，對于調(diao)試(shi)和故障并(bing)存的(de)電(dian)氣設備(bei)，應先排除(chu)故障，再進行(xing)調(diao)試(shi)，調(diao)試(shi)必須在電(dian)氣線路速的(de)前(qian)提下進行(xing)。

檢查方法和操作實踐

1．直(zhi)觀(guan)法(fa)(fa)直(zhi)觀(guan)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)根據電(dian)器故障(zhang)的(de)外部表現，通過看、聞、聽等手段，檢查(cha)、判定故障(zhang)的(de)方法(fa)(fa)。

（1）檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)步驟(zou)：調查(cha)(cha)情況：向操作(zuo)者和故(gu)(gu)障在(zai)場人(ren)員詢問情況，包(bao)括故(gu)(gu)障外部(bu)表現、大致部(bu)位、發(fa)生故(gu)(gu)障時環境情況。如(ru)有(you)(you)(you)無異常(chang)氣(qi)體、明火、熱源(yuan)(yuan)是否(fou)(fou)靠(kao)近電(dian)器(qi)(qi)、有(you)(you)(you)無腐蝕性氣(qi)體侵入、有(you)(you)(you)無漏(lou)水(shui)，是否(fou)(fou)有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)修(xiu)(xiu)理(li)過，修(xiu)(xiu)理(li)的(de)內容等(deng)等(deng)。初(chu)(chu)步檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)：根據(ju)調查(cha)(cha)的(de)情況，看有(you)(you)(you)關(guan)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)外部(bu)有(you)(you)(you)無損壞、連線(xian)有(you)(you)(you)無斷路、松動，絕(jue)緣有(you)(you)(you)無燒(shao)焦(jiao)，螺旋(xuan)熔(rong)斷器(qi)(qi)的(de)熔(rong)斷指示(shi)器(qi)(qi)是否(fou)(fou)跳出，電(dian)器(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)無進(jin)水(shui)、油垢，開(kai)關(guan)位置是否(fou)(fou)正(zheng)確等(deng)。試車：通過初(chu)(chu)步檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)，確認(ren)有(you)(you)(you)會使故(gu)(gu)障進(jin)一(yi)步擴大和造(zao)成人(ren)身、設(she)備事故(gu)(gu)后，可進(jin)一(yi)步試車檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)，試車中要(yao)注重(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)無嚴重(zhong)跳火、異常(chang)氣(qi)味(wei)、異常(chang)聲(sheng)音等(deng)現象，一(yi)經發(fa)現應立即停車，切斷電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。注重(zhong)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)溫升及電(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)動作(zuo)程序是否(fou)(fou)符合電(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備原理(li)圖的(de)要(yao)求，從(cong)而發(fa)現故(gu)(gu)障部(bu)位。

（2）檢查方法(fa)：觀察火(huo)(huo)(huo)花(hua)(hua)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)觸(chu)點(dian)在閉(bi)合(he)、分(fen)(fen)(fen)斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)或導線(xian)線(xian)頭松(song)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)會產生火(huo)(huo)(huo)花(hua)(hua)，因此(ci)可(ke)以根(gen)據火(huo)(huo)(huo)花(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)無、大小(xiao)(xiao)等現象(xiang)來檢查電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器故(gu)(gu)障。例如(ru)，正(zheng)常緊固的(de)(de)(de)(de)導線(xian)與螺(luo)釘間發(fa)現有(you)火(huo)(huo)(huo)花(hua)(hua)時(shi)，說明(ming)(ming)(ming)線(xian)頭松(song)動(dong)(dong)或接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)不良。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)觸(chu)點(dian)在閉(bi)合(he)、分(fen)(fen)(fen)斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)時(shi)跳火(huo)(huo)(huo)說明(ming)(ming)(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)通，不跳火(huo)(huo)(huo)說明(ming)(ming)(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)不通。控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)器主觸(chu)點(dian)兩相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)有(you)火(huo)(huo)(huo)花(hua)(hua)、一(yi)(yi)(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)無火(huo)(huo)(huo)花(hua)(hua)時(shi)，表明(ming)(ming)(ming)無火(huo)(huo)(huo)花(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)觸(chu)點(dian)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)不良或這一(yi)(yi)(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)；三相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)中(zhong)兩相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)火(huo)(huo)(huo)花(hua)(hua)比正(zheng)常大，別一(yi)(yi)(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)比正(zheng)常小(xiao)(xiao)，可(ke)初步判(pan)定(ding)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)間短路(lu)(lu)(lu)或接(jie)(jie)地(di)；三相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)火(huo)(huo)(huo)花(hua)(hua)都比正(zheng)常大，可(ke)能是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機過載(zai)或機械部分(fen)(fen)(fen)卡住(zhu)。在輔助電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)，接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)器線(xian)圈電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，銜鐵不吸合(he)，要分(fen)(fen)(fen)清(qing)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)還是接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)器機械部分(fen)(fen)(fen)卡住(zhu)造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)。可(ke)按一(yi)(yi)(yi)下啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)按鈕(niu)，如(ru)按鈕(niu)常開觸(chu)點(dian)閉(bi)合(he)位置斷(duan)(duan)開時(shi)有(you)稍微的(de)(de)(de)(de)火(huo)(huo)(huo)花(hua)(hua)，說明(ming)(ming)(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)通路(lu)(lu)(lu)，故(gu)(gu)障在接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)機械部分(fen)(fen)(fen)；如(ru)觸(chu)點(dian)間無火(huo)(huo)(huo)花(hua)(hua)，說明(ming)(ming)(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)是斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)。動(dong)(dong)作程序(xu)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)作程序(xu)應(ying)符合(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣說明(ming)(ming)(ming)書和圖紙的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)。如(ru)某一(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器動(dong)(dong)作過早、過晚或不動(dong)(dong)作，說明(ming)(ming)(ming)該(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器有(you)故(gu)(gu)障。另(ling)外，還可(ke)以根(gen)據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器發(fa)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)聲音、溫度、壓力、氣味等分(fen)(fen)(fen)析判(pan)定(ding)故(gu)(gu)障。運用直觀法(fa)，不但可(ke)以確定(ding)簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)障，還可(ke)以把較復(fu)雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)障縮小(xiao)(xiao)到(dao)較小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍。

2．測(ce)量(liang)(liang)電壓(ya)法測(ce)量(liang)(liang)電壓(ya)法是(shi)根據電器的供電方式(shi)，測(ce)量(liang)(liang)各點(dian)的電壓(ya)值與(yu)(yu)電流值并(bing)與(yu)(yu)正(zheng)常值比較。具體可分為(wei)分階測(ce)量(liang)(liang)法、分段測(ce)量(liang)(liang)法和點(dian)測(ce)法。

3．測(ce)電阻法可分(fen)為(wei)分(fen)階測(ce)量法和(he)分(fen)段測(ce)量法。這兩種方法適用于開關、電器分(fen)布距離較大的(de)電氣設備(bei)。

4．對(dui)比、置換元件(jian)、逐步開(kai)路（或接入）法

（1）對比法：把檢測(ce)數據(ju)與(yu)圖紙資料(liao)及平(ping)時記錄的(de)正常參數相(xiang)(xiang)比較來判(pan)定故障。對無資料(liao)又無平(ping)時記錄的(de)電(dian)器，可與(yu)同(tong)型號的(de)完好電(dian)器相(xiang)(xiang)比較。電(dian)路中的(de)電(dian)器元(yuan)(yuan)件屬于同(tong)樣控制性(xing)質或多(duo)個(ge)元(yuan)(yuan)件共同(tong)控制同(tong)一(yi)設(she)備時，可以利用其他相(xiang)(xiang)似的(de)或同(tong)一(yi)電(dian)源(yuan)的(de)元(yuan)(yuan)件動作情況(kuang)來判(pan)定故障。

（2）置(zhi)轉(zhuan)換元(yuan)件法(fa)：某些(xie)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)故障(zhang)原因不易確定(ding)或檢查時(shi)間過長(chang)時(shi)，但是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了保證(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)(dian)氣設備的(de)利用(yong)率，可轉(zhuan)換同一相性能(neng)良好的(de)元(yuan)器件實驗，以(yi)證(zheng)(zheng)實故障(zhang)是(shi)(shi)否由此電(dian)(dian)器引(yin)起(qi)。運(yun)用(yong)轉(zhuan)換元(yuan)件法(fa)檢查時(shi)應注重，當把原電(dian)(dian)器拆下后，要認真檢查是(shi)(shi)否已(yi)經損壞(huai)，只有(you)肯定(ding)是(shi)(shi)由于(yu)該(gai)電(dian)(dian)器本身因素造成損壞(huai)時(shi)，才能(neng)換上新電(dian)(dian)器，以(yi)免新換元(yuan)件再次損壞(huai)。

（3）逐(zhu)(zhu)步開路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)（或(huo)(huo)接(jie)(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)）法：多(duo)支(zhi)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)并(bing)聯且(qie)控制較(jiao)復雜的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)短路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)或(huo)(huo)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)時，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般有(you)(you)明顯的(de)(de)外部(bu)表現(xian)(xian)，如冒煙、有(you)(you)火花等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)內部(bu)或(huo)(huo)帶(dai)有(you)(you)護罩的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)短路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)時，除熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)外，不易發現(xian)(xian)其他外部(bu)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)。這種(zhong)情況可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)逐(zhu)(zhu)步開路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)（或(huo)(huo)接(jie)(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)）法檢查。逐(zhu)(zhu)步開路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)法：碰到難以檢查的(de)(de)短路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)或(huo)(huo)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)故障(zhang)(zhang)，可(ke)重新(xin)更換熔(rong)(rong)體(ti)，把多(duo)支(zhi)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)交(jiao)聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)逐(zhu)(zhu)步或(huo)(huo)重點地(di)從(cong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)開，然(ran)后(hou)(hou)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)試驗(yan)，若熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)再(zai)熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，故障(zhang)(zhang)就在剛剛斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)開的(de)(de)這條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)上(shang)。然(ran)后(hou)(hou)再(zai)將(jiang)這條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)支(zhi)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)分(fen)成(cheng)幾段，逐(zhu)(zhu)段地(di)接(jie)(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。當接(jie)(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)某段電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)時熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)又(you)熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，故障(zhang)(zhang)就在這段電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)及某電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)元(yuan)(yuan)件上(shang)。這種(zhong)方(fang)法簡(jian)單，但輕易把損壞(huai)不嚴重的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)元(yuan)(yuan)件徹底(di)燒毀。逐(zhu)(zhu)步接(jie)(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)法：電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)短路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)或(huo)(huo)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)故障(zhang)(zhang)時，換上(shang)新(xin)熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)逐(zhu)(zhu)步或(huo)(huo)重點地(di)將(jiang)各支(zhi)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)的(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，重新(xin)試驗(yan)。當接(jie)(jie)(jie)到某段時熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)又(you)熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，故障(zhang)(zhang)就在剛剛接(jie)(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)這條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)及其所包含(han)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)元(yuan)(yuan)件上(shang)。

5．強迫(po)閉(bi)(bi)合法在排隊(dui)電器故(gu)障時，經過直(zhi)觀檢(jian)查(cha)后沒(mei)有(you)找到故(gu)障點而(er)手下也沒(mei)有(you)適當的儀表進(jin)行(xing)測量(liang)，可用一絕緣棒將有(you)關繼電器、接觸器、電磁(ci)鐵等用外力強行(xing)按下，使其常開觸點閉(bi)(bi)合，然后觀察電器部分(fen)或機械部分(fen)出現的各種現象，如電動機從不轉到轉動，設備相應的部分(fen)從不動到正常運行(xing)等。

6．短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)接法(fa)(fa)設備(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)故障(zhang)(zhang)大致(zhi)歸納為(wei)短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)、過載、斷路(lu)(lu)、接地(di)、接線(xian)錯誤、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁及機械部(bu)分故障(zhang)(zhang)等六類(lei)。諸(zhu)類(lei)故障(zhang)(zhang)中(zhong)出(chu)現(xian)較多的(de)(de)(de)(de)為(wei)斷路(lu)(lu)故障(zhang)(zhang)。它包括導(dao)線(xian)斷路(lu)(lu)、虛連、松動、觸(chu)點接觸(chu)不(bu)良、虛焊、假焊、熔斷器(qi)(qi)熔斷等。對這類(lei)故障(zhang)(zhang)除(chu)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻法(fa)(fa)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓法(fa)(fa)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)外(wai)，還有一(yi)(yi)種更(geng)為(wei)簡單可(ke)靠的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)(fa)，就是短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)接法(fa)(fa)。方法(fa)(fa)是用一(yi)(yi)根良好(hao)絕緣的(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)線(xian)，將所懷(huai)疑(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)斷路(lu)(lu)部(bu)位(wei)短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)接起來，如(ru)短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)接到某(mou)處(chu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)工作(zuo)恢復正常，說(shuo)明(ming)該處(chu)斷路(lu)(lu)。具體(ti)操作(zuo)可(ke)分為(wei)局部(bu)短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)接法(fa)(fa)和長短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)接法(fa)(fa)。以(yi)上幾種檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)方法(fa)(fa)，要(yao)活(huo)學活(huo)用，遵(zun)守安全操作(zuo)規章。對于(yu)連續(xu)燒壞的(de)(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件應(ying)查(cha)(cha)明(ming)原因后再(zai)進行更(geng)換；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓測量時(shi)(shi)應(ying)考慮到導(dao)線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓降(jiang)；不(bu)違反設備(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)控(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)原則，試車時(shi)(shi)手(shou)不(bu)得(de)離開電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源開關，并且保險應(ying)使用等量或略小于(yu)額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流；，注重測量儀器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)擋位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇。