繼(ji)電器接(jie)線圖 繼(ji)電器工作(zuo)原理

繼電器工作原理

下面，我們先來看下繼電器的接線圖，了解下它的工作(zuo)原理。

繼電器接線圖

從(cong)上圖(tu)可以看出，繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)一般由鐵(tie)芯、線(xian)圈、銜(xian)鐵(tie)、觸點簧片(pian)等組成的。接通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源后，會(hui)產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)效應，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)力就會(hui)吸引(yin)銜(xian)鐵(tie)，讓它接觸到(dao)鐵(tie)芯，帶動銜(xian)鐵(tie)的常閉觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與常開觸點吸合，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流切斷(duan)后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)的吸力也就沒有(you)了，銜(xian)鐵(tie)就又返回到(dao)原來的位置，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路切斷(duan)。

一般繼電器(qi)工作(zuo)原理和特性是：

繼電(dian)(dian)器是一(yi)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)子控(kong)(kong)制器件，它具有控(kong)(kong)制系統（又稱輸入回路(lu)）和(he)被控(kong)(kong)制系統（又稱輸出回路(lu)），通常應用(yong)于自(zi)(zi)動控(kong)(kong)制電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中，它實際(ji)上是用(yong)較(jiao)小的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)去控(kong)(kong)制較(jiao)大(da)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)“自(zi)(zi)動開(kai)關”。故在電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中起著自(zi)(zi)動調(diao)節、安(an)全(quan)保護、轉換電(dian)(dian)路(lu)等(deng)作用(yong)。

作為(wei)控(kong)制元件，概括(kuo)起來，繼(ji)電器有如下幾種作用：

繼電(dian)(dian)器的(de)作用主要有放大，用一(yi)個很(hen)微小的(de)電(dian)(dian)流，就可(ke)以(yi)控(kong)制很(hen)大功率的(de)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)，還能(neng)擴(kuo)大控(kong)制范圍，在信號達到(dao)某一(yi)定值時，可(ke)以(yi)按觸點(dian)組的(de)不同形式，同時換接、開(kai)斷、接通(tong)多路(lu)電(dian)(dian) 路(lu)，達到(dao)自動開(kai)關(guan)的(de)目(mu)的(de)。

除(chu)了(le)上(shang)述功能之外，繼電器(qi)的作用還(huan)有很(hen)多，它可(ke)以(yi)與其他電器(qi)一起組成程序控(kong)制(zhi)線路，實現自動化運行，在此同時(shi)，它還(huan)將信號(hao)(hao)綜(zong)合起來，當多個控(kong)制(zhi)信號(hao)(hao)按規(gui)定(ding)的形式輸入(ru)多繞組繼電器(qi)時(shi)，經過比較綜(zong)合，達(da)到預定(ding)的控(kong)制(zhi)效(xiao)果。

目(mu)前市面上普遍(bian)使用的是(shi)電磁繼電器居(ju)多，所(suo)以我重點講講這個。

電磁繼電器工作原理和特性

電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)式(shi)繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)一(yi)般由鐵(tie)芯、線圈、銜鐵(tie)、觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)簧(huang)片等組成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。只要在(zai)線圈兩端加上一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓，線圈中就(jiu)會流過一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流，從而產(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)效應，銜鐵(tie)就(jiu)會在(zai)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)力(li)吸(xi)引(yin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用下克(ke)服返回彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拉(la)力(li)吸(xi)向鐵(tie)芯，從而帶動(dong)銜鐵(tie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與靜(jing)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（常(chang)開觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）吸(xi)合。當線圈斷電(dian)(dian)后(hou)，電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)力(li)也隨(sui)之消失，銜鐵(tie)就(jiu)會在(zai)彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反作用力(li)返回原(yuan)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位置，使(shi)動(dong)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與原(yuan)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靜(jing)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（常(chang)閉觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）吸(xi)合。這樣吸(xi)合、釋放，從而達到(dao)了在(zai)電(dian)(dian)路中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導通、切斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

電(dian)(dian)磁式(shi)繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)是應用得最早、最多的一(yi)種型(xing)式(shi)。其(qi)結構及(ji)工作原(yuan)理(li)與接觸器(qi)大體(ti)相同(tong)。 由(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)磁系統(tong)、觸點系統(tong)和(he)釋放彈簧等組成，。由(you)(you)于繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)用于控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)路，流(liu)過觸點的電(dian)(dian)流(liu)比(bi)較小(一(yi)般5A以下)，故(gu)不(bu)需要滅弧裝置(zhi)。

按電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁鐵線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)匝(za)數(shu)的多(duo)少(shao)可分為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)；若線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)匝(za)數(shu)多(duo)、阻(zu)抗大，可直(zhi)接跨接在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源上，則稱為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)；若線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)匝(za)數(shu)少(shao)，阻(zu)抗小，線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)可以(yi)和負載（例如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機的某一相）串(chuan)聯(lian)起來，則稱為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)。

光(guang)提繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)也許您會感到有些陌生(sheng)，其實它(ta)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)路里的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)關(guan)作(zuo)用(yong)，或者更廣(guang)義地(di)說(shuo)是“控制”作(zuo)用(yong)，卻是經(jing)常(chang)見到的(de)(de)(de)(de)。例(li)如，每當汽(qi)車(che)轉彎(wan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候，它(ta)頭上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一只(zhi)“眼睛”——指(zhi)示燈(deng)就忽(hu)(hu)閃忽(hu)(hu)閃地(di)亮著(zhu)，這就是繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)在起作(zuo)用(yong)。無軌電(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)頭上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制箱里，總(zong)是噼里啪啦地(di)響(xiang)著(zhu)，那是許多繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)在繁忙地(di)工作(zuo)，控制著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)快慢和(he)(he)啟停。您拿起電(dian)(dian)(dian)話機撥上(shang)(shang)一個號碼，很快就和(he)(he)您要通話的(de)(de)(de)(de)對方(fang)接通了(le)。這是誰的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)呢(ni)？還是繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，就拿我們經(jing)常(chang)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)光(guang)燈(deng)來說(shuo)吧，那里的(de)(de)(de)(de)啟動(dong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)其實就是一只(zhi)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。

其實生活在(zai)繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)無處不(bu)在(zai)。細心的您是(shi)否留意過商(shang)場、超市的自(zi)動(dong)扶(fu)梯(ti)，大多數自(zi)動(dong)扶(fu)梯(ti)都有這樣的情況：如果上面有人時(shi)運(yun)行速度較快，如果上面沒有人時(shi)運(yun)行比(bi)較緩慢，這背后(hou)就是(shi)繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的功勞。生活中一些常見的用電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)上也都有繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的身影，比(bi)如電(dian)(dian)話、揚聲(sheng)器(qi)(qi)、冰(bing)箱、空調等等。

以(yi)上例子(zi)將繼(ji)電器的重要性凸顯無疑，那怎么選購好的繼(ji)電器呢？

1、選(xuan)擇電(dian)(dian)磁式繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)線(xian)圈(quan)的額(e)定(ding)工(gong)作電(dian)(dian)流：用晶體管或集成電(dian)(dian)路驅動(dong)的直流電(dian)(dian)磁繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)，其線(xian)圈(quan)額(e)定(ding)工(gong)作電(dian)(dian)流(一般為(wei)吸(xi)合電(dian)(dian)流的2倍)應在(zai)驅動(dong)電(dian)(dian)路的輸出電(dian)(dian)流范圍之內。

2、選(xuan)擇電(dian)(dian)磁式(shi)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器接(jie)點(dian)(dian)類(lei)(lei)型及接(jie)點(dian)(dian)負荷：同一(yi)種型號的(de)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器通常(chang)有多種接(jie)點(dian)(dian)的(de)形(xing)式(shi)可(ke)供選(xuan)用(yong)(電(dian)(dian)磁繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器有：單組(zu)接(jie)點(dian)(dian)、雙組(zu)接(jie)點(dian)(dian)、多組(zu)接(jie)點(dian)(dian)及常(chang)開式(shi)接(jie)點(dian)(dian)、常(chang)閉式(shi)接(jie)點(dian)(dian)等)，應選(xuan)用(yong)適合應用(yong)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)接(jie)點(dian)(dian)類(lei)(lei)型。

3、選(xuan)(xuan)擇電磁(ci)式繼(ji)電器線(xian)圈(quan)電源(yuan)電壓：選(xuan)(xuan)用電磁(ci)式繼(ji)電器時(shi)，首(shou)先應選(xuan)(xuan)擇繼(ji)電器線(xian)圈(quan)電源(yuan)電壓是(shi)交流(liu)(liu)還是(shi)直流(liu)(liu)。繼(ji)電器的(de)額定工作電壓一般應小于或等于其控(kong)制(zhi)電路的(de)工作電壓。

4、選擇電(dian)(dian)磁式(shi)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)合適的體積：繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)體積的大小(xiao)通常與繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)接點負荷的大小(xiao)有關，選用多大體積的繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，還應根據應用電(dian)(dian)路的要求而定。