花卉(hui)養植方法(fa) 花卉(hui)的養殖方法(fa)和(he)注意(yi)事項
1、盆土
盆(pen)土(tu)(tu)一般由園(yuan)土(tu)(tu)、腐葉土(tu)(tu)、堆肥(fei)土(tu)(tu)、塘(tang)泥、泥炭(tan)、珍珠巖、蛭(zhi)石、椰子纖維(wei)等材料調配而成。
2、上盆與換盆
將幼(you)苗移植(zhi)于花(hua)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)中的(de)過程(cheng)叫上(shang)(shang)(shang)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)。幼(you)苗上(shang)(shang)(shang)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)時根系應盡量多(duo)帶些土(tu)(tu)(tu),以減(jian)少對根系的(de)傷害(hai)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)時,花(hua)卉根部(bu)(bu)向四周展(zhan)開輕置(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)上(shang)(shang)(shang),加土(tu)(tu)(tu)埋至(zhi)根頸(jing)部(bu)(bu),使盆(pen)(pen)(pen)土(tu)(tu)(tu)至(zhi)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)緣保(bao)(bao)留3-5厘米,以方便澆水與施(shi)肥。多(duo)年(nian)生(sheng)觀(guan)賞(shang)植(zhi)物,長期(qi)生(sheng)長于盆(pen)(pen)(pen)缽內(nei)有限的(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤中,營養(yang)不足,需逐漸更換(huan)大(da)一(yi)號花(hua)盆(pen)(pen)(pen),這就是換(huan)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)。多(duo)年(nian)生(sheng)花(hua)卉換(huan)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)應在休眠期(qi)進行(xing),每年(nian)換(huan)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)1次,一(yi)、二年(nian)生(sheng)草本花(hua)卉在生(sheng)長季節中依(yi)生(sheng)長情況可(ke)隨時進行(xing),每次將花(hua)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)加大(da)一(yi)號。經上(shang)(shang)(shang)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)或換(huan)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)的(de)花(hua)卉均應立(li)即澆水,置(zhi)蔭(yin)處養(yang)護2-3天后,再移至(zhi)陽光下,注意(yi)保(bao)(bao)持盆(pen)(pen)(pen)土(tu)(tu)(tu)濕潤。上(shang)(shang)(shang)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)與換(huan)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)后均應噴施(shi)新高脂膜(mo)800倍液,可(ke)防止(zhi)病害(hai)入侵、保(bao)(bao)墑。
3、澆水與施肥
盆栽花(hua)(hua)卉(hui)最好用軟(ruan)水(shui)(shui)(如河水(shui)(shui)、湖水(shui)(shui)、塘水(shui)(shui)等)澆(jiao)灌(guan)(guan)。城市中(zhong)的自(zi)來水(shui)(shui)含氯(lv)離子(zi),對(dui)花(hua)(hua)卉(hui)生長不利(li),不宜直接澆(jiao)灌(guan)(guan)盆花(hua)(hua),要(yao)將自(zi)來水(shui)(shui)提前放(fang)入水(shui)(shui)缸或(huo)水(shui)(shui)池中(zhong)放(fang)置1-2天后再用。耐濕花(hua)(hua)卉(hui)可多澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui),耐旱(han)的花(hua)(hua)卉(hui)如多肉植物就應少澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)。盆栽花(hua)(hua)卉(hui)春秋時應隔日(ri)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)1次,夏(xia)季每天早(zao)、晚各澆(jiao)1次,而入冬(dong)后則少澆(jiao)。
肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)是(shi)盆花(hua)養分的(de)(de)來(lai)源,施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)合(he)理與否直接關系到花(hua)卉的(de)(de)產(chan)量和質量。目(mu)前(qian)常用(yong)的(de)(de)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)有(you)人糞尿、廄(jiu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、餅肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、草木灰等有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)及氮、鉀、磷、無機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)時(shi)必(bi)(bi)須注意以下幾(ji)點:①觀察花(hua)卉是(shi)否有(you)缺肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)癥(zheng)狀;②施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)必(bi)(bi)須掌握季節和氣(qi)溫(wen)變化;③施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)次數(shu)必(bi)(bi)須適度;④施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)前(qian)必(bi)(bi)須松土;⑤有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)與無機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)應(ying)配合(he)使用(yong);⑥施(shi)用(yong)農家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)必(bi)(bi)須充分發酵腐熟。
4、病蟲害防治
在病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)的(de)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,必須以防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為主(zhu)。要嚴(yan)格檢疫制度,杜(du)絕(jue)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)的(de)來(lai)源。對(dui)已發(fa)現的(de)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai),應(ying)堅(jian)持"治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小、治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少、治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)了"的(de)原(yuan)則,不能等花卉受害(hai)嚴(yan)重時再(zai)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以免浪費人力、物力。花卉中常見的(de)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)主(zhu)要有介殼蟲(chong)、蚜蟲(chong)、紅(hong)蜘蛛(zhu)、粉(fen)虱(shi)、蝸牛、猝(cu)倒病(bing)(bing)、白絹病(bing)(bing)、白粉(fen)病(bing)(bing)、灰霉病(bing)(bing)、炭疽病(bing)(bing)等,應(ying)根據各病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)的(de)情況(kuang)選用相應(ying)藥(yao)劑+新高脂膜800倍液進行防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以生產(chan)出高質量(liang)的(de)花卉產(chan)品。