安防監控系統設備包括哪些 安防監控系統的組成部分

安防監控系統設備包括哪些？

以下設備是(shi)視頻監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系統中(zhong)常用到的，但是(shi)不(bu)是(shi)都要(yao)出現在一個系統中(zhong)，根(gen)據(ju)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系統的規模可能只采用其中(zhong)的部分監(jian)控(kong)(kong)設備。

一、前端設備

攝像機（網(wang)絡型(xing)、半球型(xing)、針孔型(xing)、標準槍式(shi)、一體化型(xing)、工業型(xing)等）

攝(she)像機鏡頭(tou)（定焦、手動變焦、自動光圈(quan)、電(dian)動變焦等）

攝像機(ji)防護罩（普通槍型(xing)(xing)、球型(xing)(xing)、半球型(xing)(xing)、防水型(xing)(xing)、防爆(bao)型(xing)(xing)、萬能(neng)型(xing)(xing)等）

攝(she)像機云臺（普(pu)通型、球型內置、重載型、防水防爆型、萬(wan)向云臺等）

解碼器-------室外、室內(nei)(nei)、普通、防爆、內(nei)(nei)置等(deng)

紅外燈-------LED型、惰(duo)性(xing)氣體、激(ji)光等(deng)

等等……

二、傳輸設備

光纖

普通射頻電纜

控制電纜

電源電纜

光纖收發器

光端機

485信號轉換器

視頻信號放大器

防雷模塊

等等……

三、控制設備

矩陣（數字、模擬、VGA、RGB、多媒(mei)體）

控制鍵盤

控制碼發生器

控制碼轉換器

畫面處理器

PC式錄(lu)像(xiang)機

嵌入式錄像機

普通模擬長(chang)延(yan)時錄像(xiang)機

數(shu)字矩(ju)陣(zhen)（軟件＋解碼卡）

時間字符發生器

視頻分配器

視頻放大器

云臺鏡頭控制器

信號轉換器（RS-232轉485）

等等……

四、顯示設備

CRT監視器

液晶監視器

電視墻

硬質背投

普通投影幕

VGA監(jian)視器

等等……

五、附屬設備、配件

UPS電源(yuan)

交換機

路由器

控制臺

機柜

鍍鋅管

蛇皮管

PVC塑料(liao)管(guan)

聚乙烯尼龍管

Q九頭、RJ45頭

開關電源

線卡

PVC線槽(cao)

橋架

安防監控系統組成部分

對于安防監(jian)控系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)，根據系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)各部分功能的(de)不同，我們將整(zheng)個(ge)安防監(jian)控系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)劃分為七層——表現(xian)層、控制層、處理層、傳輸層、執(zhi)行(xing)層、支撐層、采(cai)集(ji)(ji)層。當然，由于設(she)備(bei)(bei)集(ji)(ji)成化越來越高，對于部分系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)而言(yan)，某(mou)些(xie)設(she)備(bei)(bei)可能會同時(shi)以多個(ge)層的(de)身份存在(zai)于系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)中。

一、表現層

表(biao)現城(cheng)是我們最直觀感受到的(de)，它展現了整個安防監控系統的(de)品質。如監控電視墻、監視器、高音(yin)報(bao)警喇叭、報(bao)警自動駁接電話等(deng)等(deng)都(dou)屬于這一層(ceng)。

二、控制層

控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)層是(shi)(shi)整個安防(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)核(he)心，它(ta)是(shi)(shi)系統(tong)(tong)科技水平的(de)最明(ming)確體(ti)現。通(tong)常我們(men)(men)的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式有(you)兩種——模擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和數字(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。模擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)早(zao)期(qi)的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式，其控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臺通(tong)常由控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器或者模擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矩陣構成，適用于小型(xing)局部安防(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系統(tong)(tong)，這種控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式成本(ben)較(jiao)低(di)，故障率較(jiao)小。但對于中大型(xing)安防(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系統(tong)(tong)而言，這種方(fang)式就顯得操作(zuo)復雜且無任何(he)價格(ge)優勢了(le)，這時我們(men)(men)更為(wei)明(ming)智的(de)選(xuan)擇應該是(shi)(shi)數字(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。數字(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)將工控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計算機(ji)作(zuo)為(wei)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)核(he)心，它(ta)將復雜的(de)模擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)操作(zuo)變(bian)(bian)(bian)為(wei)簡單的(de)鼠標點擊操作(zuo)，將巨大的(de)模擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器堆疊縮小為(wei)一個工控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計算機(ji)，將復雜而數量龐大的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)纜變(bian)(bian)(bian)為(wei)一根串行電(dian)話線(xian)。它(ta)將中遠程監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)為(wei)事實、為(wei)Internet遠程監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)提供(gong)方(fang)便。但數字(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也不(bu)是(shi)(shi)那么十(shi)全(quan)十(shi)美，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主機(ji)的(de)價格(ge)比較(jiao)昂貴、模塊浪費的(de)情況、系統(tong)(tong)可(ke)能(neng)出現全(quan)線(xian)崩潰的(de)危機(ji)、控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)為(wei)滯后等等問題仍然存在。

三、處理層

處理(li)層(ceng)或許該(gai)稱為(wei)音(yin)(yin)視(shi)(shi)(shi)頻(pin)(pin)處理(li)層(ceng)，它將有傳(chuan)輸層(ceng)送過來的(de)(de)音(yin)(yin)視(shi)(shi)(shi)頻(pin)(pin)信號(hao)加以分配、放(fang)大、分割(ge)等(deng)等(deng)處理(li)，有機的(de)(de)將表現層(ceng)與控(kong)制層(ceng)加以連(lian)接。音(yin)(yin)視(shi)(shi)(shi)頻(pin)(pin)分配器、音(yin)(yin)視(shi)(shi)(shi)頻(pin)(pin)放(fang)大器、視(shi)(shi)(shi)頻(pin)(pin)分割(ge)器、音(yin)(yin)視(shi)(shi)(shi)頻(pin)(pin)切換器等(deng)等(deng)設備都屬于這(zhe)一(yi)層(ceng)。

四、傳輸層

傳(chuan)輸(shu)層(ceng)相(xiang)當(dang)于安(an)防監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)血脈。在(zai)(zai)小型安(an)防監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)，我們(men)最常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)輸(shu)層(ceng)設(she)備是視頻線(xian)(xian)、音頻線(xian)(xian)，對于中(zhong)遠(yuan)程(cheng)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)而言，我們(men)常(chang)使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是射(she)頻線(xian)(xian)、微波，對于遠(yuan)程(cheng)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)而言，我們(men)通常(chang)使(shi)用Internet這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)廉價載體。值得(de)一(yi)(yi)提的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是，新(xin)出(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)輸(shu)層(ceng)介質(zhi)——網(wang)線(xian)(xian)/光(guang)纖。大多數(shu)(shu)人在(zai)(zai)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)安(an)防監(jian)控(kong)(kong)上存在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)個誤區，他(ta)們(men)認為控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)層(ceng)使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)防監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)就是數(shu)(shu)字(zi)安(an)防監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)了，其實(shi)不然。純數(shu)(shu)字(zi)安(an)防監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)輸(shu)介質(zhi)一(yi)(yi)定是網(wang)線(xian)(xian)或光(guang)纖。信號從采集層(ceng)出(chu)來時(shi)，就已經調制(zhi)成(cheng)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)信號了，數(shu)(shu)字(zi)信號在(zai)(zai)目前已趨成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)網(wang)絡(luo)上跑(pao)，理論上是無衰(shuai)減(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，這(zhe)就保證遠(yuan)程(cheng)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)圖像的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無損失顯示，這(zhe)是模擬(ni)(ni)傳(chuan)輸(shu)無法(fa)比擬(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。當(dang)然，高性能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)回報(bao)也(ye)需要高成(cheng)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投入，這(zhe)是純數(shu)(shu)字(zi)安(an)防監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)無法(fa)普及(ji)最重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因之一(yi)(yi)。

五、執行層

執行(xing)層(ceng)是我們(men)(men)控(kong)(kong)制指令(ling)的命令(ling)對象(xiang)，在(zai)某些(xie)時候，它和我們(men)(men)后(hou)面所說的支(zhi)撐(cheng)誠、采集層(ceng)不太好截然分開，我們(men)(men)認為受控(kong)(kong)對象(xiang)即為執行(xing)層(ceng)設(she)備(bei)。比如：云臺(tai)、鏡頭、解碼(ma)器、球等等。

六、支撐層

顧名思義，支(zhi)撐(cheng)層(ceng)是用于后(hou)端設備(bei)的支(zhi)撐(cheng)，保護和支(zhi)撐(cheng)采集層(ceng)、執行(xing)層(ceng)設備(bei)。它(ta)包括支(zhi)架(jia)、防(fang)護罩等等輔(fu)助設備(bei)。

七、采集層

采集層是整個安防監控系統品質好(hao)壞的(de)關鍵(jian)因素，也是系統成本開銷最大的(de)地方。它包括(kuo)鏡頭、攝像機、報警傳(chuan)感器(qi)等(deng)等(deng)。