顯微鏡(jing)(jing)以(yi)顯微原(yuan)理進行分(fen)類(lei)可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)偏(pian)光(guang)顯微鏡(jing)(jing)、光(guang)學顯微鏡(jing)(jing)與(yu)電子顯微鏡(jing)(jing)和數碼顯微鏡(jing)(jing)。

1、光(guang)(guang)學顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)：通(tong)常皆由光(guang)(guang)學部分、照明部分和機械部分組成。無疑光(guang)(guang)學部分是最為(wei)關鍵的(de)，它由目鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)和物(wu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)組成。光(guang)(guang)學顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)種類很多(duo)，主要(yao)有明視野(ye)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)（普(pu)通(tong)光(guang)(guang)學顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)）、暗視野(ye)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)、熒光(guang)(guang)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)、相差顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)、激光(guang)(guang)掃描共聚焦(jiao)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)、偏光(guang)(guang)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)、微(wei)(wei)(wei)分干涉差顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)、倒置顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)。

2、電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)顯微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)：電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)顯微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)比光(guang)學顯微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)高得多的(de)對物(wu)體的(de)放(fang)大及分(fen)辨本領，它將電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)流作為一種(zhong)新的(de)光(guang)源，使物(wu)體成(cheng)像。電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)顯微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)種(zhong)類包括透射電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)顯微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)、X光(guang)顯微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)、掃(sao)描電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)顯微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)。常用于生物(wu)、醫藥及微(wei)(wei)(wei)小粒子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)觀(guan)測。

3、偏(pian)光顯(xian)微鏡：凡具有雙(shuang)折射(she)的(de)物質，在偏(pian)光顯(xian)微鏡下就(jiu)能分辨的(de)清楚，當(dang)然(ran)這些(xie)物質也可用(yong)染色法來進行觀(guan)察，但有些(xie)則不可用(yong)，而必須利用(yong)偏(pian)光顯(xian)微鏡。偏(pian)光顯(xian)微鏡主要是用(yong)是來觀(guan)察液晶、纖維等(deng)自身具有單折射(she)性(xing)或雙(shuang)折性(xing)的(de)物體。

4、數碼顯微(wei)鏡：數碼顯微(wei)鏡是(shi)將精銳的(de)(de)光(guang)學顯微(wei)鏡技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、先進的(de)(de)光(guang)電(dian)轉(zhuan)換技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、液晶屏幕技(ji)術(shu)(shu)完美地結(jie)合在(zai)一起而開發研(yan)制成功的(de)(de)一項(xiang)高(gao)科技(ji)產品。從(cong)而，我(wo)們可以對(dui)微(wei)觀(guan)領域的(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)從(cong)傳統的(de)(de)普通的(de)(de)雙眼(yan)觀(guan)察到通過(guo)顯示器上再(zai)現(xian)，從(cong)而提高(gao)了工(gong)作效率。