一、儲能變流器是什么
儲能變(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(Power Conversion System)英文簡稱PCS,又稱儲能逆變(bian)器(qi),可(ke)控制蓄電(dian)池的(de)充電(dian)和(he)放(fang)電(dian)過(guo)程,進(jin)行交(jiao)直流(liu)的(de)變(bian)換,在(zai)無電(dian)網情況下可(ke)以直接(jie)為交(jiao)流(liu)負荷供電(dian)。
儲(chu)能變(bian)流器(qi)PCS由DC/AC雙向變(bian)流器(qi)、控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單元等構成。PCS控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)通(tong)過(guo)通(tong)訊接收后臺控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)指(zhi)(zhi)令,根據(ju)功率指(zhi)(zhi)令的(de)(de)符號及大小控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)變(bian)流器(qi)對電(dian)(dian)池進行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)或放(fang)電(dian)(dian),實(shi)現對電(dian)(dian)網有(you)功功率及無功功率的(de)(de)調節。PCS控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)通(tong)過(guo)CAN接口與BMS通(tong)訊,獲取(qu)電(dian)(dian)池組狀態信息,可(ke)實(shi)現對電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)性(xing)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian),確保(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)池運行(xing)安(an)全。
二、光伏逆變器是什么
光伏逆(ni)變器(qi)英文名為(wei)PV inverter,是指可將光伏太陽能(neng)板(ban)產生的可變直流電(dian)壓轉換為(wei)市電(dian)頻率交流電(dian)的逆(ni)變器(qi),通常被輸電(dian)系統、電(dian)網、電(dian)站應(ying)用,是光伏陣列系統中重要的系統平(ping)衡(BOS)之一。
光伏逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器的缺點(dian)是(shi)只能(neng)在(zai)白天發電(dian)(dian),發電(dian)(dian)功(gong)率易受到天氣影(ying)響等,針對這些問(wen)題,儲(chu)能(neng)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器成(cheng)功(gong)問(wen)世。當負(fu)(fu)荷(he)低谷時,儲(chu)能(neng)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器將輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)用蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池存儲(chu)。當負(fu)(fu)荷(he)高(gao)峰時,儲(chu)能(neng)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器將釋放(fang)存儲(chu)的電(dian)(dian)能(neng),以減(jian)少對電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的壓(ya)力。當電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)陷入故障時,儲(chu)能(neng)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器可切換成(cheng)離網(wang)(wang)模式繼續供電(dian)(dian)。
三、儲能變流器和光伏逆變器的區別
1、自用率
儲能逆變器的自用率最高可(ke)到80%。光伏逆變器的自用率通常在(zai)20%左右。
2、市電故障
當(dang)市電(dian)故障時(shi),光(guang)伏逆變器將陷入癱瘓狀態(tai),儲能逆變器可轉換離(li)網模式高效供電(dian)。
3、收益
在并網(wang)發電(dian)補貼下調的(de)背(bei)景下,儲能(neng)逆變器(qi)收益將比光(guang)伏逆變器(qi)更高。
4、天氣因素
光伏逆變器(qi)有(you)多種限制,如只能(neng)白天(tian)發電、發電功率(lv)受天(tian)氣影響、具有(you)不可預見性等。儲能(neng)逆變器(qi)沒有(you)以上(shang)問題(ti)。
四、儲能變流器的作用和優勢
1、突破天氣變化的局限性
由于儲能(neng)變(bian)流(liu)器能(neng)夠將交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換為(wei)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)儲存在(zai)蓄電(dian)(dian)池內(nei),并在(zai)斷電(dian)(dian)后將蓄電(dian)(dian)池內(nei)的(de)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換為(wei)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)供用戶(hu)使用,這就(jiu)在(zai)很大程(cheng)度(du)上降低了天氣狀(zhuang)況對發電(dian)(dian)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)性的(de)影響,能(neng)夠大大提升電(dian)(dian)網的(de)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)性和(he)品質(zhi)。
2、擁有更高的用電效率
與(yu)并網(wang)光(guang)伏逆變(bian)(bian)器相比,儲(chu)能變(bian)(bian)流器用(yong)電(dian)效率更(geng)高,不(bu)(bu)僅能夠突破天氣狀(zhuang)況(kuang)、時(shi)間等(deng)局(ju)限性,解(jie)決(jue)并網(wang)光(guang)伏逆變(bian)(bian)器存在(zai)的(de)(de)問題,還能為用(yong)戶(hu)提供更(geng)加穩定(ding)、持久的(de)(de)電(dian)能,避免用(yong)電(dian)系統故障(zhang)帶來的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)便和(he)麻煩,這也是更(geng)多(duo)用(yong)戶(hu)選(xuan)擇這種逆變(bian)(bian)器的(de)(de)重要原(yuan)因所在(zai)。
3、擁有較高的穩定性
在電網系統故障的情況下,儲能變流器能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)將儲(chu)存(cun)的(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)直接(jie)轉換(huan)為交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)供電(dian)(dian)網系(xi)統使(shi)用(yong),受(shou)外界因素(su)的(de)(de)影響較小,能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)大大降(jiang)低(di)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)成本,具有(you)較高的(de)(de)穩定性。當處(chu)于用(yong)電(dian)(dian)高峰期時(shi),儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)變流(liu)(liu)器會將太陽能(neng)(neng)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)轉換(huan)為交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)并(bing)入電(dian)(dian)網供廣(guang)大用(yong)戶(hu)使(shi)用(yong),而(er)處(chu)于用(yong)電(dian)(dian)低(di)谷(gu)期時(shi),儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)變流(liu)(liu)器又會將電(dian)(dian)網中(zhong)的(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)轉換(huan)為直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)儲(chu)存(cun)起來,能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)實現直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)和(he)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)雙向轉換(huan),而(er)且能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)為斷電(dian)(dian)時(shi)的(de)(de)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)提供強有(you)力的(de)(de)保障。
除了以上作用(yong)外,儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)變流器(qi)還具有能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)為(wei)電網提(ti)供更(geng)加穩定(ding)、諧波(bo)含量較少的(de)(de)純凈電流,這不僅符(fu)合當(dang)今(jin)社會節能(neng)(neng)減排的(de)(de)趨勢和(he)(he)要求,更(geng)加提(ti)升了電網的(de)(de)穩定(ding)性和(he)(he)品質。總而言之,儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)變流器(qi)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)突破傳統(tong)光(guang)伏(fu)逆變器(qi)的(de)(de)局限性,為(wei)電網系(xi)統(tong)提(ti)供高品質的(de)(de)電能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)同時(shi),還能(neng)(neng)降低(di)用(yong)電成本(ben),提(ti)高用(yong)電效率,這些優勢和(he)(he)作用(yong)也是(shi)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)變流器(qi)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)在市場上占(zhan)據一定(ding)優勢的(de)(de)前提(ti)和(he)(he)保障。