一、電熱水袋里面(mian)的液體(ti)是什(shen)么(me)?
其實細心的人都會發現電熱水袋里的“水”并不是普通的水,它之所以能夠被加熱而且可以較長時間的保持熱度都是有它的奧妙的。那么到底電熱水袋里面是什么呢?很多手腳易發涼的人幾乎是整個冬天電熱水袋不離身的,電熱水袋很神奇,一插電就熱了,有很多人覺得其實電熱水袋就是燒開水,那么就錯了。
電熱水袋里面是(shi)(shi)什么呢?其實是(shi)(shi)鐵(tie)粉或鐵(tie)氧體(ti),電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)水袋是(shi)(shi)靠電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)能的(de)(de)產生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)的(de)(de)東(dong)西(xi)是(shi)(shi)封閉起(qi)來的(de)(de),是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了防止漏(lou)電(dian)(dian),如果通了電(dian)(dian)以(yi)后(hou)就(jiu)產生(sheng)磁(ci)場,鐵(tie)和(he)(he)磁(ci)是(shi)(shi)相(xiang)互反應的(de)(de),使所謂(wei)的(de)(de)水里面產生(sheng)渦流和(he)(he)磁(ci)滯然后(hou)就(jiu)產生(sheng)了熱(re)(re)能,和(he)(he)變壓器(qi)為(wei)什么會(hui)發(fa)熱(re)(re)是(shi)(shi)相(xiang)關的(de)(de)都是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)磁(ci)滯和(he)(he)渦流而(er)熱(re)(re)的(de)(de),人(ren)們把變壓器(qi)做成一片(pian)一片(pian)的(de)(de)硅(gui)剛片(pian)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了減小(xiao)磁(ci)滯和(he)(he)渦流的(de)(de),從而(er)提高效率(lv)的(de)(de),而(er)熱(re)(re)水袋則是(shi)(shi)相(xiang)反的(de)(de)。
二、電熱水袋的工作原理
電(dian)熱(re)水(shui)袋里的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)飽和(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)。在(zai)某種(zhong)溫度(du)(du)下,溶(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)在(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)劑中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)可溶(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)是(shi)不(bu)變的(de)(de)(de),例如食鹽在(zai)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)可溶(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)在(zai)室溫時是(shi)36g/100mL水(shui)。當溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)(du)與其可溶(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)相等時,這(zhe)種(zhong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)便(bian)稱(cheng)為飽和(he)(he)(he)液(ye);而當溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)度(du)(du)比其可溶(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)還要高的(de)(de)(de)時候,這(zhe)種(zhong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)便(bian)稱(cheng)為過(guo)(guo)飽和(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)。暖手(shou)袋里的(de)(de)(de)液(ye)體就是(shi)過(guo)(guo)飽和(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)醋(cu)酸鈉(na)。由于過(guo)(guo)飽和(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)(du)太高,當扭(niu)曲(qu)金屬的(de)(de)(de)時候,所(suo)(suo)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)輕微震動便(bian)足以(yi)使(shi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)結晶,變成較穩定的(de)(de)(de)固體。然而,這(zhe)個過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)是(shi)放(fang)熱(re)的(de)(de)(de),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)暖手(shou)袋告開始暖起(qi)來(lai)。只要把(ba)充電(dian)熱(re)水(shui)袋放(fang)入沸水(shui)中(zhong)加(jia)熱(re)約10分鐘,凝(ning)結了的(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)便(bian)會再(zai)次溶(rong)(rong)(rong)解(jie);這(zhe)是(shi)由于在(zai)高溫下,溶(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)可溶(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)增加(jia)。在(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)解(jie)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),溶(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)吸熱(re)反應(ying),再(zai)次成為過(guo)(guo)飽和(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)。
三、電熱水袋分類
按產品結構分類
電暖寶(bao)產品按(an)有電熱餅、電熱水袋和電暖式暖手寶(bao)。
固體電熱餅
其填充是(shi)保(bao)溫(wen)棉(mian)(mian)(如(ru):陶瓷棉(mian)(mian)等其他(ta)的),使(shi)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)熱(re)絲加(jia)(jia)熱(re),將熱(re)量傳(chuan)遞給(gei)石棉(mian)(mian)或玻璃纖維保(bao)熱(re)。工作原理是(shi):用(yong)(yong)雙控溫(wen)電(dian)熱(re)儲能(neng)式結構(gou),逐漸釋放(fang)熱(re)能(neng)。內設自動(dong)過熱(re)保(bao)護裝置及(ji)自動(dong)保(bao)溫(wen)指示(shi)裝置,一(yi)個由PTC熱(re)敏(min)電(dian)阻開關控制(zhi)的小電(dian)爐,PTC是(shi)正溫(wen)度系(xi)數的熱(re)敏(min)電(dian)阻,當電(dian)流通(tong)過時(shi)自身會(hui)發熱(re)(電(dian)爐的熱(re)量也(ye)會(hui)傳(chuan)導(dao)給(gei)它的),當溫(wen)度到(dao)達一(yi)定值時(shi),它的電(dian)阻會(hui)急劇增大,可(ke)以視為斷開,此時(shi)電(dian)暖寶(bao)(bao)減少消(xiao)耗(hao)的電(dian)能(neng),之后(hou)靠保(bao)溫(wen)棉(mian)(mian)對電(dian)路(lu)(lu)的保(bao)溫(wen)來緩(huan)慢放(fang)熱(re)。這種電(dian)暖寶(bao)(bao)保(bao)溫(wen)時(shi)間長,缺點是(shi)它無法徹底切(qie)斷電(dian)路(lu)(lu),為了預防(fang)萬一(yi),加(jia)(jia)熱(re)時(shi)不可(ke)離(li)人,且加(jia)(jia)熱(re)完成后(hou)溫(wen)度較高,在使(shi)用(yong)(yong)時(shi)必須(xu)套上(shang)布(bu)袋,以免燙(tang)傷。目前,市(shi)面上(shang)的電(dian)暖寶(bao)(bao)很(hen)少使(shi)用(yong)(yong)這種控制(zhi)方式。
電熱水袋
軟(ruan)質液體電熱(re)寶(bao)使用(yong)新技術儲能(neng)發熱(re)劑(ji),加(jia)熱(re)升溫(wen)迅速。一次(ci)性注水(shui),永久使用(yong),獨特防(fang)爆免燙(tang)和(he)溫(wen)控保(bao)護裝置;使用(yong)壽命長:保(bao)溫(wen)持久等優勢(shi)。由于(yu)用(yong)戶無需注水(shui)即可直接(jie)使用(yong),免去(qu)了傳統(tong)熱(re)水(shui)袋頻繁換水(shui)帶來(lai)的麻煩和(he)不安全。從(cong)電熱(re)水(shui)袋的發熱(re)原理看,這種電暖寶(bao)有電極式和(he)電熱(re)元件(jian)式兩大類。其中,電極式電暖寶(bao)由于(yu)兩個電極(或(huo)螺(luo)絲)直接(jie)裸露在(zai)水(shui)中,造成的漏電風險也(ye)很大。
電池式暖手寶
這種產(chan)品(pin)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)內(nei)(nei)置鋰電池(chi)亦或是(shi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)5號(hao)電池(chi)進(jin)(jin)行供(gong)電驅動,利用(yong)(yong)電阻產(chan)生熱量的(de)原理進(jin)(jin)行暖(nuan)手。目前該(gai)款產(chan)品(pin)在(zai)2010年由(you)(you)日本三洋公司在(zai)世界率(lv)先推出,之后尤其是(shi)2011年冬(dong)開(kai)始(shi)被(bei)眾多廠(chang)家模(mo)仿,但產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)一直未(wei)被(bei)超越。這種產(chan)品(pin)對比前兩(liang)種類型,加(jia)熱不受市(shi)電供(gong)電加(jia)熱的(de)約束,可將(jiang)溫度迅速提升至40℃以內(nei)(nei),對于內(nei)(nei)置鋰電池(chi)型可以充滿電以備需要時開(kai)啟(qi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong),而采用(yong)(yong)5號(hao)電池(chi)型則更方(fang)便隨時隨地更換,尤其適(shi)合外(wai)出。產(chan)品(pin)優點(dian):隨時隨地取暖(nuan),不受市(shi)電影響,體(ti)積(ji)輕巧,恒溫加(jia)熱在(zai)40℃人(ren)體(ti)正常取暖(nuan)所需的(de)安(an)全溫度以內(nei)(nei),十分安(an)全;缺(que)點(dian):由(you)(you)于產(chan)品(pin)體(ti)積(ji)小巧,直接(jie)導致電池(chi)容量不理想,導熱時間不夠長,通常最長為1小時(高于此值(zhi),均為虛假宣傳(chuan)),由(you)(you)于體(ti)積(ji)小,無法大面(mian)積(ji)取暖(nuan)。
按發熱原理分類
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶分為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極式和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)絲式兩(liang)種。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有正負兩(liang)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極,直接和(he)袋中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的液(ye)(ye)體(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質溶液(ye)(ye))接觸,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou),溶液(ye)(ye)就帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)加(jia)熱(re)(re),加(jia)熱(re)(re)時間較短(約2~8分鐘(zhong)),但液(ye)(ye)體膨脹(zhang)較快,容易(yi)爆炸。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)絲式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有一(yi)個絕緣體線圈(quan),摸上去體積比電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極式發熱(re)(re)體明(ming)顯要大(da)。
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