保險柜密碼鎖的種類和結構

保險柜密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)鎖(suo)主要分為自(zi)(zi)動(dong)落(luo)簧式(shi)和非(fei)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)落(luo)簧式(shi)兩種(zhong)。國(guo)外產的(de)保險(xian)柜多為自(zi)(zi)動(dong)落(luo)簧式(shi)密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)鎖(suo)；國(guo)內產的(de)保險(xian)柜多為非(fei)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)落(luo)簧式(shi)密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)鎖(suo)。

1、自動落簧式密碼鎖

這是一種(zhong)把密碼（通常(chang)為(wei)四組）對好后，掛(gua)鉤及其上邊的橫桿靠本(ben)身的重量自(zi)動落入(ru)輪片盤和鎖舌(she)旁(pang)邊的溝槽中，從而將(jiang)鎖舌(she)拉動達到開啟的目的。這種(zhong)鎖的保(bao)密性(xing)好，通常(chang)還可以按(an)照自(zi)己所需(xu)要的四組數字設定密碼，但是價(jia)格(ge)貴，國內(nei)基本(ben)不采(cai)用。

因為四(si)個密碼鎖輪片盤(pan)外(wai)圓不可能絕對(dui)一(yi)樣大(da)，由于是(shi)自(zi)動落(luo)簧，所(suo)以當把刻度(du)盤(pan)連續向某一(yi)方(fang)(fang)向轉動時，開(kai)鎖的(de)(de)掛鉤或橫桿就可能落(luo)入某一(yi)槽(cao)中，這時就會產生非常微小的(de)(de)金屬撞擊(ji)聲，這也是(shi)在影視作品中看(kan)到用聽的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法開(kai)啟保險柜的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法。常用的(de)(de)開(kai)啟方(fang)(fang)法是(shi)排列(lie)組合，旋轉方(fang)(fang)向的(de)(de)順序為左(zuo)、右(you)、左(zuo)、右(you)。

2、非自動落簧式密碼鎖

這是國(guo)內生產的(de)(de)保險柜(ju)常用(yong)的(de)(de)密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)鎖(suo)(suo)。之所以稱為(wei)非自動(dong)(dong)(dong)落簧式密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)鎖(suo)(suo)，是因為(wei)對好(hao)密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)后(hou)，需(xu)要用(yong)手(shou)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)把(ba)手(shou)或者(zhe)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰匙才(cai)能(neng)將(jiang)柜(ju)門(men)打開(kai)。當沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)用(yong)鑰匙打開(kai)鎖(suo)(suo)時(shi)(shi)，聯動(dong)(dong)(dong)機構(gou)(gou)滑動(dong)(dong)(dong)板(ban)上(shang)的(de)(de)卡頭(tou)被鎖(suo)(suo)舌阻擋(dang)，滑動(dong)(dong)(dong)板(ban)不能(neng)移動(dong)(dong)(dong)；當密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)鎖(suo)(suo)的(de)(de)刻度盤(pan)(pan)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)對好(hao)時(shi)(shi)，輪片盤(pan)(pan)的(de)(de)缺口沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)開(kai)啟(qi)位置(zhi)上(shang)，滑動(dong)(dong)(dong)板(ban)上(shang)的(de)(de)平舌不能(neng)進入三(san)個輪片盤(pan)(pan)的(de)(de)缺口，聯動(dong)(dong)(dong)機構(gou)(gou)也(ye)不能(neng)移動(dong)(dong)(dong)，這是雙重(zhong)手(shou)段限制柜(ju)門(men)的(de)(de)開(kai)啟(qi)。只有(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)鎖(suo)(suo)具已經開(kai)啟(qi)，并(bing)且(qie)密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)已經對好(hao)的(de)(de)情況下，聯動(dong)(dong)(dong)機構(gou)(gou)在(zai)(zai)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)阻礙的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候才(cai)能(neng)移動(dong)(dong)(dong)。

此(ci)類密碼鎖刻(ke)度盤(pan)(pan)規格種類通常(chang)分為三片(pian)(pian)(pian)或四片(pian)(pian)(pian)兩(liang)(liang)種。刻(ke)度盤(pan)(pan)的(de)(de)(de)操作原理為了便于記憶和交流，我(wo)們(men)將(jiang)靠近柜門的(de)(de)(de)對字(zi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)稱(cheng)(cheng)為第(di)一片(pian)(pian)(pian)，中間的(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)為第(di)二(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)，最里邊的(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)為第(di)三片(pian)(pian)(pian)（亦稱(cheng)(cheng)死片(pian)(pian)(pian)）。每片(pian)(pian)(pian)上有一個（有的(de)(de)(de)第(di)二(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)上有兩(liang)(liang)個）金屬突筍，稱(cheng)(cheng)作帶片(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)。

假設對字鎖三個開啟密碼，分別為(wei)A、B、C，由于死片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)固定在刻(ke)度(du)盤(pan)的(de)(de)(de)桿上(shang)，當(dang)操作者(zhe)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)刻(ke)度(du)盤(pan)時(shi)，帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)死片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)一(yi)(yi)起轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)足夠角度(du)時(shi)死片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)與第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)接(jie)觸(chu)，并(bing)且帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)一(yi)(yi)同旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)；繼(ji)續轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)足夠角度(du)時(shi)，第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)與第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)接(jie)觸(chu)，會帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)一(yi)(yi)同旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，將(jiang)(jiang)密(mi)碼(ma)A對(dui)準(zhun)刻(ke)度(du)盤(pan)基座(zuo)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)記(ji)(ji)；這時(shi)候(hou)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)缺(que)(que)口處(chu)于開啟(qi)位(wei)置(zhi)上(shang)。再向相(xiang)(xiang)反方(fang)向轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)輪片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)盤(pan)，死片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)脫離(li)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)，本身自(zi)己旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)和(he)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)停在原來位(wei)置(zhi)不動(dong)(dong)(dong)。當(dang)死片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)繼(ji)續轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，接(jie)觸(chu)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)時(shi)，將(jiang)(jiang)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，將(jiang)(jiang)密(mi)碼(ma)B對(dui)準(zhun)刻(ke)度(du)盤(pan)基座(zuo)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)記(ji)(ji)，這時(shi)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)缺(que)(que)口停留在開啟(qi)位(wei)置(zhi)上(shang)；再向相(xiang)(xiang)反方(fang)向轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)輪片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)盤(pan)，死片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)脫離(li)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)，本身自(zi)己旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)、第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)停留在原來位(wei)置(zhi)上(shang)不動(dong)(dong)(dong)，將(jiang)(jiang)密(mi)碼(ma)C對(dui)準(zhun)刻(ke)度(du)盤(pan)基座(zuo)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)記(ji)(ji)，第(di)(di)(di)三片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)缺(que)(que)口停留在開啟(qi)位(wei)置(zhi)上(shang)。搬動(dong)(dong)(dong)柜(ju)門上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)把手（或者(zhe)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰匙(chi)）帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)聯動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)構則可將(jiang)(jiang)保險柜(ju)打開。

該圖片由注冊用戶"力與美"提供，版權聲明反饋

概況起來講：將刻度盤轉(zhuan)動三圈對(dui)(dui)第(di)(di)一個密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)，然后(hou)向相(xiang)反(fan)方(fang)向轉(zhuan)動兩次（第(di)(di)一次出(chu)(chu)現的(de)(de)號(hao)碼(ma)(ma)不要）對(dui)(dui)第(di)(di)二個號(hao)碼(ma)(ma)，再向相(xiang)反(fan)方(fang)向轉(zhuan)動直接對(dui)(dui)第(di)(di)三個號(hao)碼(ma)(ma)，密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)鎖(suo)的(de)(de)密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)就對(dui)(dui)好了(le)。保險柜出(chu)(chu)廠時會(hui)告訴經(jing)銷店(dian)號(hao)碼(ma)(ma)經(jing)銷店(dian)再告訴用戶保險柜的(de)(de)號(hao)碼(ma)(ma)，不過有的(de)(de)是(shi)采(cai)用右(you)(you)、左(zuo)、右(you)(you)的(de)(de)對(dui)(dui)號(hao)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)，有的(de)(de)是(shi)采(cai)用左(zuo)、右(you)(you)、左(zuo)的(de)(de)對(dui)(dui)號(hao)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)三片密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)鎖(suo)采(cai)取排練組合開啟無(wu)論采(cai)取哪種方(fang)式(shi)(shi)都可(ke)以(yi)。

這里要(yao)指(zhi)出的(de)是(shi)：當對(dui)第(di)一(yi)個或第(di)二個號(hao)碼時，如果轉(zhuan)過一(yi)點(dian)(dian)，不能采用向(xiang)相反方向(xiang)回(hui)(hui)退(tui)一(yi)點(dian)(dian)的(de)方法對(dui)號(hao)，因為回(hui)(hui)退(tui)一(yi)點(dian)(dian)時僅(jin)是(shi)第(di)三片轉(zhuan)動，第(di)一(yi)片和第(di)二片停留在原位置并沒有(you)轉(zhuan)動，所以要(yao)重(zhong)新(xin)按照(zhao)程序重(zhong)對(dui)。

上面講的右(you)(you)三(san)圈(quan)、左(zuo)倆圈(quan)的對(dui)(dui)號方法比較麻煩，同時也(ye)不(bu)好記憶，對(dui)(dui)此(ci)生產廠(chang)(chang)家將刻度(du)盤進行了改進。浙江某生產廠(chang)(chang)仿造國外產品，把死片后端裝上塑料行星齒輪機(ji)構(gou)，利用這(zhe)一結(jie)構(gou)特點(dian)，使對(dui)(dui)輪片盤旋轉一圈(quan)，死片可(ke)旋轉三(san)圈(quan)。這(zhe)樣將對(dui)(dui)字盤旋轉一圈(quan)則可(ke)直接(jie)對(dui)(dui)第(di)(di)一個號碼，然后分別左(zuo)、右(you)(you)直接(jie)對(dui)(dui)第(di)(di)二、第(di)(di)三(san)個號碼。給用戶帶來(lai)很大(da)方便，這(zhe)也(ye)是發展方向(xiang)，就是造價相對(dui)(dui)貴些(xie)。

密碼鎖防破壞措施的不斷改進

早期生產的(de)密碼鎖有兩個缺(que)點：一是(shi)刻度(du)盤(pan)(pan)把手(shou)是(shi)非(fei)圓柱形，容易固(gu)定專用(yong)工具（稱為(wei)拉碼器(qi)），從(cong)而(er)將對(dui)字(zi)盤(pan)(pan)拔出，輪片(pian)盤(pan)(pan)脫落后失去執鎖作用(yong)可將柜門打開(kai)；二(er)是(shi)輪片(pian)盤(pan)(pan)的(de)死片(pian)是(shi)用(yong)一開(kai)口(kou)銷(xiao)固(gu)定在(zai)刻度(du)盤(pan)(pan)的(de)桿上，開(kai)口(kou)銷(xiao)的(de)抗剪切強度(du)不夠，可以輕而(er)易舉的(de)用(yong)專用(yong)工具拉斷。

以后生產(chan)廠發現(xian)這(zhe)個弊病后，對此進行了(le)改進。在原來的(de)基礎(chu)上把刻度盤(pan)的(de)桿上車上螺紋，配上M10的(de)螺帽(mao)并用(yong)開口銷固定，雖(sui)然(ran)增加了(le)抗拉措(cuo)施，但是只要(yao)有足(zu)夠(gou)的(de)拉力，可以將刻度盤(pan)基座固定螺絲拉斷，使整個密碼鎖(suo)脫落，失去執(zhi)鎖(suo)功能。

近期生(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)密碼(ma)鎖(suo)在防拉方面做了改進，把刻(ke)度(du)盤手柄加工(gong)成(cheng)圓柱形，使(shi)之(zhi)無法固(gu)定專用(yong)工(gong)具，也(ye)就無法用(yong)專用(yong)工(gong)具將刻(ke)度(du)盤拉出。但是魔高一(yi)(yi)尺、道(dao)高一(yi)(yi)丈，可以(yi)將柜(ju)門把手向(xiang)開(kai)(kai)啟方向(xiang)搬(ban)緊(jin)，使(shi)柜(ju)門傳動(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)舌切(qie)進對字(zi)(zi)鎖(suo)的(de)(de)(de)某一(yi)(yi)片(pian)，然后用(yong)管鉗夾(jia)緊(jin)并向(xiang)某一(yi)(yi)方向(xiang)搬(ban)動(dong)，可以(yi)將固(gu)定死(si)片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)口銷切(qie)斷，使(shi)各對字(zi)(zi)片(pian)脫落同(tong)樣(yang)達到開(kai)(kai)啟的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。

為了避免這(zhe)種情況發生，生產廠又做(zuo)了進(jin)一(yi)步的(de)改進(jin)，用一(yi)彈(dan)簧卡(ka)(ka)子將第一(yi)片(pian)(pian)、第二片(pian)(pian)輪片(pian)(pian)盤(pan)固定在(zai)刻度盤(pan)基座上(shang)(shang)(shang)，即便把刻度盤(pan)拔出，第一(yi)片(pian)(pian)、第二片(pian)(pian)仍然卡(ka)(ka)在(zai)原位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，由于這(zhe)兩(liang)片(pian)(pian)的(de)缺口沒有(you)在(zai)開啟位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，還是(shi)不能將柜門打開。當(dang)然也有(you)的(de)保險柜沒有(you)這(zhe)一(yi)措施(shi)，就可(ke)以利用此方法開啟保險柜，事前要了解清楚，有(you)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)之百(bai)(bai)的(de)把握時才可(ke)以使用此方法，以免將刻度盤(pan)拔出后，不但不能馬上(shang)(shang)(shang)打開柜門，相反(fan)增加許(xu)多麻煩。

密碼鎖的開啟方法——切的方法

以(yi)后(hou)講述的(de)(de)方法，都是以(yi)100個(ge)號碼(ma)為例，并(bing)且在保(bao)險鎖已經開啟的(de)(de)前提下進(jin)行。

所謂切的(de)(de)方(fang)法，就(jiu)是(shi)搬(ban)動把手(shou)讓聯動裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)平舌試圖插進輪(lun)片(pian)盤缺(que)口(kou)的(de)(de)同時(shi)，用手(shou)轉(zhuan)動刻度盤，通過產生(sheng)的(de)(de)現象和手(shou)感，分析、判(pan)斷(duan)開啟密(mi)(mi)碼，然后對(dui)好密(mi)(mi)碼，將保(bao)險柜打開。但是(shi)如何知道我們所判(pan)斷(duan)的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)碼是(shi)第幾片(pian)的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)碼呢？

前(qian)面在密(mi)碼鎖操作(zuo)原理(li)(li)中已經(jing)講過：死片(pian)(pian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)右(you)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)一圈可(ke)(ke)以(yi)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)二(er)片(pian)(pian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)右(you)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，再向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)右(you)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)一圈可(ke)(ke)以(yi)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)一片(pian)(pian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)右(you)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。這時要向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)刻度盤，第(di)(di)一片(pian)(pian)、第(di)(di)二(er)片(pian)(pian)都不動(dong)(dong)(dong)，只有第(di)(di)三片(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)；對(dui)字盤向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)一圈時，才能帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)二(er)片(pian)(pian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，再向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)一圈才能帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)一片(pian)(pian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。根(gen)據這個(ge)原理(li)(li)就(jiu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)判(pan)斷出切出的(de)密(mi)碼是第(di)(di)幾片(pian)(pian)的(de)密(mi)碼。

如果將對字盤手柄向右連續轉動三圈以上，使各帶片釘接觸后，左手向開啟方向轉動開門把柄（或者鑰匙）的同時，右手繼續向右轉動對字盤手柄，當轉動一定角度時，鎖閂會有落槽的感覺（會聽到聲響，開門把柄會有所轉動）。這時向左轉動對字盤手柄，如果僅能轉動幾個刻度格，說明切出的號碼是死片的號碼；若能轉動近一圈，說明切出的是第二片號碼；若能轉動近兩圈，說明切出的是第一片號碼。判斷的理由很難用文字表達清楚，最好是在保險柜上實際操作(zuo)一下(xia)，理解其中奧秘(mi)。