保險柜密碼鎖的種類和結構

保險柜密(mi)碼鎖(suo)主要分為自(zi)動(dong)(dong)落(luo)簧(huang)(huang)式(shi)和非(fei)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)落(luo)簧(huang)(huang)式(shi)兩種(zhong)。國外產(chan)的(de)保(bao)險柜多(duo)為自(zi)動(dong)(dong)落(luo)簧(huang)(huang)式(shi)密(mi)碼鎖(suo)；國內產(chan)的(de)保(bao)險柜多(duo)為非(fei)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)落(luo)簧(huang)(huang)式(shi)密(mi)碼鎖(suo)。

1、自動落簧式密碼鎖

這是一種把密(mi)(mi)碼(ma)（通(tong)常為(wei)四(si)組）對好后，掛鉤及(ji)其上邊的(de)橫桿靠本身的(de)重量自動(dong)落(luo)入輪(lun)片盤和鎖(suo)舌(she)旁邊的(de)溝槽中，從而(er)將(jiang)鎖(suo)舌(she)拉(la)動(dong)達(da)到開啟的(de)目的(de)。這種鎖(suo)的(de)保密(mi)(mi)性好，通(tong)常還可以按照(zhao)自己所需要的(de)四(si)組數字設定密(mi)(mi)碼(ma)，但是價格貴，國內基本不(bu)采(cai)用(yong)。

因為(wei)四個密碼鎖(suo)輪片盤外(wai)圓不(bu)可能絕對一樣大，由于是自(zi)動(dong)落簧，所以當把刻度盤連續向某(mou)一方向轉(zhuan)動(dong)時(shi)，開鎖(suo)的(de)掛鉤或橫桿(gan)就可能落入某(mou)一槽中，這時(shi)就會產生非常(chang)微小的(de)金屬撞擊(ji)聲，這也是在影視作(zuo)品中看(kan)到用聽的(de)方法(fa)(fa)開啟保(bao)險柜的(de)方法(fa)(fa)。常(chang)用的(de)開啟方法(fa)(fa)是排列組合，旋轉(zhuan)方向的(de)順序(xu)為(wei)左、右、左、右。

2、非自動落簧式密碼鎖

這是(shi)(shi)國(guo)內生(sheng)產的(de)保險(xian)柜(ju)常(chang)用的(de)密碼鎖(suo)。之所以稱為非自動(dong)(dong)(dong)落簧式密碼鎖(suo)，是(shi)(shi)因為對好密碼后，需(xu)要(yao)用手轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)把手或者(zhe)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)匙(chi)才能(neng)將柜(ju)門(men)打(da)開(kai)。當沒有(you)(you)用鑰(yao)匙(chi)打(da)開(kai)鎖(suo)時，聯(lian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)構滑動(dong)(dong)(dong)板上(shang)的(de)卡(ka)頭被鎖(suo)舌阻(zu)擋，滑動(dong)(dong)(dong)板不能(neng)移動(dong)(dong)(dong)；當密碼鎖(suo)的(de)刻度盤(pan)沒有(you)(you)對好時，輪(lun)片盤(pan)的(de)缺口(kou)沒有(you)(you)在(zai)開(kai)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)位置上(shang)，滑動(dong)(dong)(dong)板上(shang)的(de)平舌不能(neng)進入(ru)三(san)個輪(lun)片盤(pan)的(de)缺口(kou)，聯(lian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)構也(ye)不能(neng)移動(dong)(dong)(dong)，這是(shi)(shi)雙重手段(duan)限(xian)制柜(ju)門(men)的(de)開(kai)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)。只(zhi)有(you)(you)在(zai)鎖(suo)具已(yi)經開(kai)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)，并且密碼已(yi)經對好的(de)情況(kuang)下，聯(lian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)構在(zai)沒有(you)(you)阻(zu)礙的(de)時候才能(neng)移動(dong)(dong)(dong)。

此類密碼鎖刻(ke)度盤(pan)規(gui)格種(zhong)類通(tong)常分為三片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)或四片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)兩種(zhong)。刻(ke)度盤(pan)的操作原理為了便于記憶和交流，我們將(jiang)靠近(jin)柜門的對(dui)字片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為第(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，中間的稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為第(di)二(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，最(zui)里邊的稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為第(di)三片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)（亦稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)死片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)）。每片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)有一(yi)個(ge)（有的第(di)二(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)有兩個(ge)）金屬突筍(sun)，稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)作帶(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘。

假設對字鎖三個開啟密碼，分別為(wei)A、B、C，由于死(si)(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)固定在刻(ke)度(du)盤(pan)的(de)(de)(de)桿上(shang)(shang)(shang)，當操作者(zhe)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)刻(ke)度(du)盤(pan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，帶(dai)(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)死(si)(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)一(yi)起轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)足夠(gou)角(jiao)度(du)時(shi)(shi)(shi)死(si)(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)與(yu)第(di)二片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)接觸(chu)，并且帶(dai)(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)第(di)二片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)一(yi)同旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)；繼續(xu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)足夠(gou)角(jiao)度(du)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，第(di)二片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)與(yu)第(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)接觸(chu)，會帶(dai)(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)第(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)一(yi)同旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，將密碼A對準刻(ke)度(du)盤(pan)基(ji)座(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)標記(ji)(ji)；這時(shi)(shi)(shi)候(hou)第(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)缺(que)口(kou)處(chu)于開(kai)啟位(wei)(wei)置上(shang)(shang)(shang)。再(zai)向(xiang)(xiang)相反方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)輪片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)盤(pan)，死(si)(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)脫離(li)第(di)二片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)，本身自己旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，第(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)和(he)第(di)二片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)停在原來(lai)位(wei)(wei)置不(bu)動(dong)(dong)。當死(si)(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)繼續(xu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)，接觸(chu)第(di)二片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，將帶(dai)(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)第(di)二片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)，將密碼B對準刻(ke)度(du)盤(pan)基(ji)座(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)標記(ji)(ji)，這時(shi)(shi)(shi)第(di)二片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)缺(que)口(kou)停留(liu)在開(kai)啟位(wei)(wei)置上(shang)(shang)(shang)；再(zai)向(xiang)(xiang)相反方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)輪片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)盤(pan)，死(si)(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)脫離(li)第(di)二片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)，本身自己旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)、第(di)二片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)停留(liu)在原來(lai)位(wei)(wei)置上(shang)(shang)(shang)不(bu)動(dong)(dong)，將密碼C對準刻(ke)度(du)盤(pan)基(ji)座(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)標記(ji)(ji)，第(di)三片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)缺(que)口(kou)停留(liu)在開(kai)啟位(wei)(wei)置上(shang)(shang)(shang)。搬動(dong)(dong)柜(ju)門上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)把手（或者(zhe)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)鑰匙）帶(dai)(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)聯動(dong)(dong)機構則可將保險(xian)柜(ju)打開(kai)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"力與美"提供，版權聲明反饋

概況(kuang)起來講：將(jiang)刻度盤轉動三(san)圈對(dui)(dui)第一個密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)，然后向(xiang)相反方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)轉動兩次（第一次出(chu)現(xian)的號(hao)碼(ma)(ma)不要）對(dui)(dui)第二(er)個號(hao)碼(ma)(ma)，再向(xiang)相反方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)轉動直接對(dui)(dui)第三(san)個號(hao)碼(ma)(ma)，密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)鎖的密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)就對(dui)(dui)好了(le)。保(bao)險柜(ju)出(chu)廠時會(hui)告訴經(jing)(jing)銷店號(hao)碼(ma)(ma)經(jing)(jing)銷店再告訴用(yong)戶(hu)保(bao)險柜(ju)的號(hao)碼(ma)(ma)，不過有的是采(cai)(cai)用(yong)右、左、右的對(dui)(dui)號(hao)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)，有的是采(cai)(cai)用(yong)左、右、左的對(dui)(dui)號(hao)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)。對(dui)(dui)于三(san)片密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)鎖采(cai)(cai)取排(pai)練組(zu)合開啟無(wu)論采(cai)(cai)取哪種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)都(dou)可以。

這里要指出的是：當(dang)對(dui)第(di)(di)一個或第(di)(di)二個號(hao)碼時(shi)，如果轉(zhuan)過一點，不能采用向相反方向回退(tui)一點的方法(fa)對(dui)號(hao)，因為(wei)回退(tui)一點時(shi)僅是第(di)(di)三片(pian)轉(zhuan)動(dong)，第(di)(di)一片(pian)和第(di)(di)二片(pian)停(ting)留在原位置(zhi)并沒有(you)轉(zhuan)動(dong)，所以要重新按照程序重對(dui)。

上面(mian)講的(de)右(you)三圈、左倆圈的(de)對(dui)號方(fang)法比較麻煩，同時也不好記憶，對(dui)此(ci)生產(chan)廠家將刻度盤進行了(le)改進。浙江某生產(chan)廠仿造國外產(chan)品，把死(si)片后(hou)端裝上塑(su)料行星齒輪(lun)機構(gou)(gou)，利用這(zhe)一結構(gou)(gou)特點(dian)，使對(dui)輪(lun)片盤旋轉一圈，死(si)片可旋轉三圈。這(zhe)樣將對(dui)字盤旋轉一圈則(ze)可直(zhi)(zhi)接對(dui)第(di)一個號碼，然后(hou)分別(bie)左、右(you)直(zhi)(zhi)接對(dui)第(di)二、第(di)三個號碼。給用戶(hu)帶(dai)來很大方(fang)便，這(zhe)也是(shi)發展(zhan)方(fang)向(xiang)，就是(shi)造價相對(dui)貴些。

密碼鎖防破壞措施的不斷改進

早期生產的(de)(de)密碼鎖有兩個缺點(dian)：一是(shi)刻度盤(pan)把手是(shi)非圓柱形(xing)，容易固定(ding)專(zhuan)用(yong)工(gong)具(ju)（稱為拉碼器），從而(er)將(jiang)(jiang)對(dui)字盤(pan)拔出，輪片(pian)盤(pan)脫落后失(shi)去執鎖作(zuo)用(yong)可(ke)將(jiang)(jiang)柜(ju)門打開；二是(shi)輪片(pian)盤(pan)的(de)(de)死片(pian)是(shi)用(yong)一開口銷(xiao)(xiao)固定(ding)在刻度盤(pan)的(de)(de)桿上，開口銷(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)抗剪切強(qiang)度不夠，可(ke)以輕而(er)易舉的(de)(de)用(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)工(gong)具(ju)拉斷(duan)。

以(yi)后生(sheng)產廠(chang)發(fa)現(xian)這個弊病后，對此(ci)進行了改進。在原來的基(ji)礎上(shang)(shang)把刻度盤的桿上(shang)(shang)車(che)上(shang)(shang)螺紋，配上(shang)(shang)M10的螺帽并用(yong)開口(kou)銷固(gu)定，雖(sui)然增加(jia)了抗(kang)拉(la)措施，但(dan)是(shi)只要有足夠(gou)的拉(la)力，可(ke)以(yi)將(jiang)刻度盤基(ji)座固(gu)定螺絲拉(la)斷，使整個密碼鎖脫落，失去執鎖功能(neng)。

近期生(sheng)產(chan)的密(mi)碼鎖在(zai)防拉方(fang)面做(zuo)了改進，把刻度(du)盤(pan)手柄加(jia)工(gong)成(cheng)圓柱形，使之(zhi)無法固(gu)(gu)定專用(yong)(yong)工(gong)具，也就無法用(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)工(gong)具將刻度(du)盤(pan)拉出。但(dan)是魔高一尺、道高一丈，可(ke)以將柜門把手向開啟(qi)方(fang)向搬(ban)緊，使柜門傳動裝置的平舌切進對(dui)字(zi)鎖的某一片，然(ran)后用(yong)(yong)管鉗夾(jia)緊并向某一方(fang)向搬(ban)動，可(ke)以將固(gu)(gu)定死片的開口銷切斷，使各對(dui)字(zi)片脫落同樣達到開啟(qi)的目(mu)的。

為(wei)了(le)(le)避免這(zhe)(zhe)種情況發生(sheng)，生(sheng)產(chan)廠又做(zuo)了(le)(le)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)的(de)改(gai)進(jin)，用(yong)一(yi)彈簧卡子(zi)將(jiang)第(di)一(yi)片、第(di)二(er)片輪片盤固定在(zai)刻(ke)度盤基座上(shang)，即(ji)便把刻(ke)度盤拔出，第(di)一(yi)片、第(di)二(er)片仍(reng)然(ran)卡在(zai)原位(wei)置上(shang)，由于這(zhe)(zhe)兩(liang)片的(de)缺口沒有(you)(you)(you)在(zai)開(kai)啟位(wei)置上(shang)，還是不能(neng)將(jiang)柜(ju)門打開(kai)。當然(ran)也有(you)(you)(you)的(de)保(bao)險柜(ju)沒有(you)(you)(you)這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)措施，就可以(yi)利用(yong)此(ci)方法(fa)開(kai)啟保(bao)險柜(ju)，事前要了(le)(le)解清楚，有(you)(you)(you)百分之百的(de)把握時才可以(yi)使用(yong)此(ci)方法(fa)，以(yi)免將(jiang)刻(ke)度盤拔出后(hou)，不但不能(neng)馬(ma)上(shang)打開(kai)柜(ju)門，相反增(zeng)加許多麻煩。

密碼鎖的開啟方法——切的方法

以后講述的(de)方(fang)法，都是(shi)以100個號碼為例，并且在(zai)保險鎖已經開(kai)啟的(de)前(qian)提下進行(xing)。

所(suo)謂切(qie)的(de)(de)方法，就是搬動(dong)把手(shou)讓聯(lian)動(dong)裝置的(de)(de)平(ping)舌(she)試圖(tu)插進(jin)輪片(pian)盤缺(que)口的(de)(de)同時，用手(shou)轉動(dong)刻(ke)度(du)盤，通過產(chan)生的(de)(de)現象和(he)手(shou)感，分析、判(pan)(pan)斷(duan)開啟密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)，然(ran)后對好密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)，將保險柜(ju)打開。但是如何知道我們所(suo)判(pan)(pan)斷(duan)的(de)(de)密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)是第幾片(pian)的(de)(de)密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)呢？

前面在(zai)密碼鎖操作原理中已經講過：死片(pian)(pian)(pian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)右(you)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)一圈(quan)(quan)可(ke)以(yi)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)(di)二片(pian)(pian)(pian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)右(you)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，再向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)右(you)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)一圈(quan)(quan)可(ke)以(yi)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)(di)一片(pian)(pian)(pian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)右(you)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。這(zhe)時(shi)要向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)(zuo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)刻度盤(pan)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)一片(pian)(pian)(pian)、第(di)(di)(di)(di)二片(pian)(pian)(pian)都(dou)不(bu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，只有第(di)(di)(di)(di)三片(pian)(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)；對字盤(pan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)(zuo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)一圈(quan)(quan)時(shi)，才能帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)(di)二片(pian)(pian)(pian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)(zuo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，再向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)(zuo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)一圈(quan)(quan)才能帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)(di)一片(pian)(pian)(pian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)(zuo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。根據(ju)這(zhe)個原理就可(ke)以(yi)判斷出切出的(de)密碼是第(di)(di)(di)(di)幾片(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)密碼。

如果將對字盤手柄向右連續轉動三圈以上，使各帶片釘接觸后，左手向開啟方向轉動開門把柄（或者鑰匙）的同時，右手繼續向右轉動對字盤手柄，當轉動一定角度時，鎖閂會有落槽的感覺（會聽到聲響，開門把柄會有所轉動）。這時向左轉動對字盤手柄，如果僅能轉動幾個刻度格，說明切出的號碼是死片的號碼；若能轉動近一圈，說明切出的是第二片號碼；若能轉動近兩圈，說明切出的是第一片號碼。判斷的理由很難用文字表達清楚，最好是在保險柜上實際操作一下，理解其(qi)中(zhong)奧(ao)秘。