【工程機械是什么】工程機械有哪些 工程機械的定義與分類

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工程機械的定義與分類

工程機械是我國(guo)裝(zhuang)備工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)重(zhong)要組成部分。概括地說，凡土石方施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、路面建(jian)(jian)設與(yu)養護(hu)、流(liu)動式(shi)起(qi)重(zhong)裝(zhuang)卸作業(ye)(ye)和(he)各(ge)種建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)所需的(de)綜(zong)合性機械(xie)化施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)所必需的(de)機械(xie)裝(zhuang)備，稱為工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)機械(xie)。它主要用于國(guo)防建(jian)(jian)設工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、交(jiao)通運輸(shu)建(jian)(jian)設，能源(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)設和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、礦山等原材料工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)設和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、農(nong)林水利(li)建(jian)(jian)設、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)與(yu)民用建(jian)(jian)筑、城市建(jian)(jian)設、環境保護(hu)等領域。

目前，我國工程機械分為以下14種類型：

(1）挖掘(jue)(jue)機(ji)械。包括單斗挖掘(jue)(jue)機(ji)、多半挖掘(jue)(jue)機(ji)、挖掘(jue)(jue)裝載機(ji)、隧道掘(jue)(jue)進機(ji)等。

(2）起(qi)重機械。包(bao)括塔(ta)式、汽(qi)車、輪胎、履帶、桅桿、纜索、抓(zhua)斗、管道起(qi)重機，卷揚機和施工升降機。

(3）鏟土運(yun)輸機械。包括(kuo)推土機、鏟運(yun)機、裝載(zai)機、平(ping)地機、運(yun)輸車(che)、平(ping)板車(che)和翻斗車(che)。

(4）壓實(shi)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)。包括靜碾壓路(lu)(lu)機(ji)(ji)、振動壓路(lu)(lu)機(ji)(ji)、輪胎式壓路(lu)(lu)機(ji)(ji)和夯實(shi)機(ji)(ji)。

(5）樁工機(ji)械。包括柴油打(da)樁錘、柴油打(da)樁架、振動(dong)打(da)拔樁錘、振動(dong)打(da)拔樁架、壓(ya)樁機(ji)和鉆孔機(ji)。

(6）鋼筋(jin)和預應力(li)機械(xie)。包括鋼筋(jin)強化、加工(gong)、焊接機械(xie)，預應力(li)加工(gong)機械(xie)及設備等。

(7）混凝土機(ji)械。包括混凝土攪(jiao)(jiao)拌機(ji)、攪(jiao)(jiao)拌樓、攪(jiao)(jiao)拌站、攪(jiao)(jiao)拌輸送車、輸送泵、噴射機(ji)、澆注機(ji)和振動器(qi)。

(8）路面(mian)機(ji)(ji)械。它是公路路面(mian)施(shi)工及維修養護(hu)的機(ji)(ji)械。它包(bao)括瀝(li)青噴灑機(ji)(ji)、瀝(li)青混(hun)凝土攤鋪機(ji)(ji)、混(hun)凝土攤鋪機(ji)(ji)、混(hun)凝土振實(shi)機(ji)(ji)、道路翻松機(ji)(ji)、土壤拌合機(ji)(ji)、石(shi)料攤鋪機(ji)(ji)、石(shi)屑(xie)撒布(bu)機(ji)(ji)等(deng)。

(9）裝修(xiu)機(ji)械。它是建筑裝修(xiu)機(ji)械，包括(kuo)灰漿制(zhi)備及噴(pen)涂(tu)機(ji)械、地面(mian)修(xiu)整機(ji)械、裝修(xiu)升(sheng)降平(ping)臺及吊(diao)籃(lan)、手持機(ji)具等。

(10）鑿(zao)巖機械與氣動工具。包括各(ge)種鑿(zao)巖機、鑿(zao)巖臺(tai)車、氣動工具等(deng)。

(11）叉(cha)車。包括各種叉(cha)車和(he)裝卸機械。

(12）鐵(tie)道(dao)線(xian)路機(ji)械(xie)。它是鐵(tie)道(dao)線(xian)路施工及(ji)養護的專(zhuan)用(yong)機(ji)械(xie)。包括搗固(gu)機(ji)、起(qi)撥道(dao)機(ji)、清篩機(ji)、線(xian)路維修綜合列車(che)及(ji)其(qi)他線(xian)路養護機(ji)械(xie)。

(13）軍用工程機械。

(14）其他專用工(gong)程機械。

工程機械有哪些

①挖(wa)(wa)(wa)掘(jue)(jue)(jue)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械 　如單斗(dou)(dou)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)掘(jue)(jue)(jue)機(ji)(ji)(ji)（又可分(fen)為(wei)履帶式(shi)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)掘(jue)(jue)(jue)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和輪胎式(shi)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)掘(jue)(jue)(jue)機(ji)(ji)(ji)）、多斗(dou)(dou)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)掘(jue)(jue)(jue)機(ji)(ji)(ji)（又可分(fen)為(wei)輪斗(dou)(dou)式(shi)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)掘(jue)(jue)(jue)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和鏈斗(dou)(dou)式(shi)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)掘(jue)(jue)(jue)機(ji)(ji)(ji)）、多斗(dou)(dou)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)溝(gou)機(ji)(ji)(ji)（又可分(fen)輪斗(dou)(dou)式(shi)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)溝(gou)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和鏈斗(dou)(dou)式(shi)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)溝(gou)機(ji)(ji)(ji)）、滾動挖(wa)(wa)(wa)掘(jue)(jue)(jue)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、銑切挖(wa)(wa)(wa)掘(jue)(jue)(jue)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、隧洞掘(jue)(jue)(jue)進機(ji)(ji)(ji)（包括盾構機(ji)(ji)(ji)械）等。

②鏟(chan)(chan)土運(yun)輸(shu)機(ji)械 　如推(tui)土機(ji)（又(you)(you)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為(wei)輪胎(tai)(tai)式推(tui)土機(ji)和(he)(he)履(lv)帶(dai)(dai)式推(tui)土機(ji)）、鏟(chan)(chan)運(yun)機(ji)（又(you)(you)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為(wei)履(lv)帶(dai)(dai)自(zi)行式鏟(chan)(chan)運(yun)機(ji)、輪胎(tai)(tai)自(zi)行式鏟(chan)(chan)運(yun)機(ji)和(he)(he)拖式鏟(chan)(chan)運(yun)機(ji)）、裝載機(ji)（又(you)(you)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為(wei)輪胎(tai)(tai)式裝載機(ji)和(he)(he)履(lv)帶(dai)(dai)式裝載機(ji)、平(ping)地(di)機(ji)（又(you)(you)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為(wei)自(zi)行式平(ping)地(di)機(ji)和(he)(he)拖式平(ping)地(di)機(ji)）、運(yun)輸(shu)車(che)(che)（又(you)(you)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為(wei)單(dan)軸(zhou)運(yun)輸(shu)車(che)(che)和(he)(he)雙軸(zhou)牽引運(yun)輸(shu)車(che)(che)）、平(ping)板車(che)(che)和(he)(he)自(zi)卸(xie)汽(qi)車(che)(che)等。

③起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)械 　如塔式起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)、自(zi)行式起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)、桅桿(gan)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)、抓斗起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)等。

④壓(ya)實機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械 　如(ru)輪胎壓(ya)路(lu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、光面輪壓(ya)路(lu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、單足式壓(ya)路(lu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、振(zhen)動壓(ya)路(lu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、夯實機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、搗固(gu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)等。

⑤樁工(gong)機(ji)械(xie) 　如(ru)鉆孔(kong)機(ji)、柴油(you)打(da)樁機(ji)、振動打(da)樁機(ji)、破碎錘等。

⑥鋼筋混(hun)凝(ning)土機械 　如混(hun)凝(ning)土攪(jiao)拌(ban)機、混(hun)凝(ning)土攪(jiao)拌(ban)站、混(hun)凝(ning)土攪(jiao)拌(ban)樓、混(hun)凝(ning)土輸送(song)泵、混(hun)凝(ning)土攪(jiao)拌(ban)輸送(song)車、混(hun)凝(ning)土噴射機、混(hun)凝(ning)土振動器(qi)、鋼筋加(jia)工(gong)機械等(deng)。

⑦路面機(ji)械 　如平整機(ji)、道碴(cha)清篩機(ji)等(deng)。

⑧鑿巖機械 　如鑿巖臺車、風動鑿巖機、電動鑿(zao)巖(yan)機、內燃(ran)鑿(zao)巖(yan)機和潛孔鑿(zao)巖(yan)機等。

⑨其他工(gong)程機械(xie) 　如架(jia)橋機、氣動工(gong)具(ju)（風(feng)動工(gong)具(ju)）等(deng)。