孕婦身邊的輻(fu)射源有哪些(xie)？

電(dian)磁輻(fu)(fu)射(she)(she)已經(jing)成為(wei)繼大氣污染、水(shui)污染和噪音污染后的第(di)四污染，很對孕(yun)婦(fu)朋(peng)友(you)擔(dan)心電(dian)磁輻(fu)(fu)射(she)(she)會影響腹(fu)中(zhong)的胎兒，對胎兒的生(sheng)(sheng)長發育產生(sheng)(sheng)危害。除了采取各(ge)種手段(duan)，比如穿孕(yun)婦(fu)防(fang)輻(fu)(fu)射(she)(she)服等方(fang)(fang)法(fa)防(fang)范輻(fu)(fu)射(she)(she)傷害，更對各(ge)類輻(fu)(fu)射(she)(she)源避之唯恐不及。一直關注孕(yun)婦(fu)防(fang)輻(fu)(fu)射(she)(she)的問題，與孕(yun)婦(fu)朋(peng)友(you)分(fen)享防(fang)輻(fu)(fu)射(she)(she)知(zhi)識(shi)和科學(xue)的防(fang)輻(fu)(fu)射(she)(she)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。本文將向(xiang)孕(yun)婦(fu)朋(peng)友(you)們展示隱藏在我們身邊的一些電(dian)磁輻(fu)(fu)射(she)(she)源，以便(bian)準媽(ma)媽(ma)們更有針對性(xing)的進行防(fang)范。

微波爐輻射

微(wei)(wei)(wei)波(bo)爐(lu)(lu)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)磁輻(fu)射(she)在(zai)家用(yong)電(dian)器(qi)中高居榜首，對(dui)孕(yun)婦(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)影響比較大。家庭使(shi)(shi)用(yong)微(wei)(wei)(wei)波(bo)爐(lu)(lu)時(shi)要(yao)注意：微(wei)(wei)(wei)波(bo)爐(lu)(lu)不(bu)要(yao)放在(zai)臥室(shi)里(li)；開(kai)啟(qi)微(wei)(wei)(wei)波(bo)爐(lu)(lu)時(shi)，人(ren)不(bu)要(yao)站在(zai)旁邊，等停止運行(xing)時(shi)再過去處理食品(pin)；微(wei)(wei)(wei)波(bo)爐(lu)(lu)不(bu)用(yong)時(shi)要(yao)撥(bo)掉電(dian)源。孕(yun)婦(fu)(fu)盡量不(bu)要(yao)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)微(wei)(wei)(wei)波(bo)爐(lu)(lu)烹飪食品(pin)，因為烹飪食品(pin)要(yao)長時(shi)間近距離接(jie)觸微(wei)(wei)(wei)波(bo)爐(lu)(lu)，接(jie)受的(de)(de)(de)微(wei)(wei)(wei)波(bo)爐(lu)(lu)輻(fu)射(she)量很大。但是(shi)(shi)，也不(bu)是(shi)(shi)說孕(yun)婦(fu)(fu)就(jiu)絕對(dui)不(bu)能使(shi)(shi)用(yong)微(wei)(wei)(wei)波(bo)爐(lu)(lu)，不(bu)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)來長時(shi)間烹飪食物，只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)短時(shi)間使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)話，微(wei)(wei)(wei)波(bo)爐(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)磁輻(fu)射(she)對(dui)人(ren)體的(de)(de)(de)影響還是(shi)(shi)有限的(de)(de)(de)。所以(yi)如果孕(yun)婦(fu)(fu)朋(peng)友是(shi)(shi)穿著(zhu)孕(yun)婦(fu)(fu)防(fang)輻(fu)射(she)服(fu)，并且是(shi)(shi)短時(shi)間使(shi)(shi)用(yong)微(wei)(wei)(wei)波(bo)爐(lu)(lu)，就(jiu)可以(yi)在(zai)一定程度(du)上減少微(wei)(wei)(wei)波(bo)爐(lu)(lu)輻(fu)射(she)傷害，那么還是(shi)(shi)比較安全的(de)(de)(de)。

X射線輻射

X射(she)(she)(she)線(xian)是一種(zhong)波長很(hen)短穿透能(neng)力很(hen)強的電磁波，若人體(ti)接觸X射(she)(she)(she)線(xian)過多，就有可能(neng)產(chan)生放射(she)(she)(she)反應，甚至(zhi)受到一定程度的X射(she)(she)(she)線(xian)輻(fu)(fu)射(she)(she)(she)傷害。但是，科學的防(fang)輻(fu)(fu)射(she)(she)(she)知識(shi)告訴我們(men)，如(ru)(ru)果(guo)X射(she)(she)(she)線(xian)量在容(rong)許范圍(wei)內，一般對人體(ti)影(ying)響(xiang)極小。對孕婦來說(shuo)，如(ru)(ru)過量接受X光照(zhao)射(she)(she)(she)，在懷孕的早期(qi)會使胎(tai)(tai)兒畸形(xing)、流產(chan)及胎(tai)(tai)死宮內等的概率提(ti)高。一般情況下(xia)，對胸部(bu)或(huo)四肢照(zhao)射(she)(she)(she)，X射(she)(she)(she)線(xian)輻(fu)(fu)射(she)(she)(she)對胎(tai)(tai)兒的影(ying)響(xiang)相對較小。愈接近預產(chan)期(qi)，影(ying)響(xiang)也越(yue)小。所以，建(jian)議(yi)孕婦盡量少照(zhao)X光，但也不(bu)(bu)是絕對不(bu)(bu)能(neng)照(zhao)，如(ru)(ru)果(guo)需要照(zhao)一張腹(fu)部(bu)X光片，對胎(tai)(tai)兒的影(ying)響(xiang)并(bing)不(bu)(bu)會很(hen)嚴重。

電吹風輻射

在談到家(jia)用(yong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)輻(fu)(fu)射時(shi)(shi)，大(da)家(jia)往往會忽略體積較小的(de)(de)電(dian)吹(chui)(chui)(chui)風(feng)，其實電(dian)吹(chui)(chui)(chui)風(feng)的(de)(de)輻(fu)(fu)射可不小。電(dian)吹(chui)(chui)(chui)風(feng)確(que)實是(shi)高輻(fu)(fu)射的(de)(de)家(jia)用(yong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)，特別是(shi)在開(kai)啟和(he)關閉時(shi)(shi)電(dian)吹(chui)(chui)(chui)風(feng)輻(fu)(fu)射危害最大(da)，且功(gong)率(lv)越大(da)輻(fu)(fu)射也越大(da)。由于電(dian)吹(chui)(chui)(chui)風(feng)使(shi)用(yong)時(shi)(shi)離頭(tou)部較近，可能會引起(qi)中樞(shu)神經和(he)精神系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)功(gong)能障(zhang)礙，主要表(biao)現為頭(tou)暈(yun)、疲(pi)乏無力、記憶力衰退、食欲減退、失(shi)眠、健忘等亞健康癥狀。不過(guo)，雖說電(dian)吹(chui)(chui)(chui)風(feng)輻(fu)(fu)射很(hen)大(da)，但是(shi)平時(shi)(shi)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)頻次少、持續時(shi)(shi)間也短(duan)，對(dui)孕婦的(de)(de)實際影(ying)響不大(da)。

電熱毯輻射

電(dian)(dian)熱毯(tan)(tan)通電(dian)(dian)后會產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)磁場，從而對人體產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)磁輻(fu)射(she)(she)(she)影響(xiang)。這(zhe)種輻(fu)射(she)(she)(she)可(ke)能(neng)影響(xiang)孕婦腹中(zhong)胎兒的(de)細(xi)胞(bao)分(fen)裂，使(shi)其細(xi)胞(bao)分(fen)裂發生異常改(gai)變，胎兒的(de)骨骼細(xi)胞(bao)對電(dian)(dian)磁輻(fu)射(she)(she)(she)也最(zui)為(wei)敏感。如果孕婦朋友(you)經常使(shi)用電(dian)(dian)熱毯(tan)(tan)，長時間處于電(dian)(dian)熱毯(tan)(tan)輻(fu)射(she)(she)(she)當(dang)中(zhong)，易使(shi)胎兒的(de)大腦、神(shen)經、骨骼和心臟(zang)等重要(yao)器官組織受(shou)到電(dian)(dian)熱毯(tan)(tan)輻(fu)射(she)(she)(she)危(wei)害。因此， 出于對胎兒的(de)健康考慮，建議孕婦不要(yao)使(shi)用電(dian)(dian)熱毯(tan)(tan)。

電腦顯示器輻射和電腦主機輻射

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)(nao)顯(xian)示(shi)器(qi)(qi)和主機是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)(nao)輻(fu)(fu)射(she)(she)(she)最大的(de)兩個部(bu)件，是孕(yun)(yun)婦(fu)朋友議論(lun)最多電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)之一，很對準媽(ma)(ma)媽(ma)(ma)都(dou)針對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)(nao)顯(xian)示(shi)器(qi)(qi)和主機重點(dian)防范。其實，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)(nao)輻(fu)(fu)射(she)(she)(she)對胎兒到底有(you)多大的(de)影響目前(qian)還沒(mei)有(you)定論(lun)，但準媽(ma)(ma)媽(ma)(ma)能(neng)盡量少接(jie)觸少使用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)(nao)畢竟(jing)沒(mei)有(you)壞(huai)處。孕(yun)(yun)婦(fu)朋友如(ru)果(guo)(guo)不得不使用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)(nao)，那么應該在操作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)(nao)時(shi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)(nao)顯(xian)示(shi)器(qi)(qi)和主機都(dou)保持足夠的(de)距離，最好(hao)穿上孕(yun)(yun)婦(fu)防輻(fu)(fu)射(she)(she)(she)服，并且不要在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)(nao)前(qian)久坐，若是長時(shi)間使用最好(hao)經(jing)常起(qi)身休(xiu)息。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)采取了上述的(de)防輻(fu)(fu)射(she)(she)(she)方法，相信電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)(nao)輻(fu)(fu)射(she)(she)(she)對孕(yun)(yun)婦(fu)的(de)危害會微(wei)乎(hu)其微(wei)。

鍵盤輻射及鼠標輻射

對鍵(jian)盤(pan)輻(fu)(fu)射和鼠(shu)(shu)標(biao)輻(fu)(fu)射的認識(shi)一直(zhi)都有爭議，網絡盛傳鍵(jian)盤(pan)和鼠(shu)(shu)標(biao)是(shi)電(dian)腦輻(fu)(fu)射最大的兩(liang)個部件，但很多專(zhuan)家認為不(bu)科(ke)學(xue)。因(yin)為從理論上(shang)講，耗電(dian)量越大的電(dian)子產品產生電(dian)磁(ci)輻(fu)(fu)射的幾率越高。在(zai)鍵(jian)盤(pan)、鼠(shu)(shu)標(biao)、顯(xian)示器(qi)(qi)、主(zhu)機四(si)者之中，顯(xian)然(ran)是(shi)主(zhu)機和顯(xian)示器(qi)(qi)更(geng)耗電(dian)。因(yin)此可以認為鍵(jian)盤(pan)和鼠(shu)(shu)標(biao)的輻(fu)(fu)射不(bu)大，只要控制(zhi)好(hao)使用(yong)時間，對孕婦的影響(xiang)不(bu)大。

復印機輻射和打印機輻射

有(you)電(dian)流就會(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)磁輻(fu)(fu)射(she)(she)(she)，對于復印機(ji)(ji)(ji)，輻(fu)(fu)射(she)(she)(she)并不是主(zhu)要的問題，合格的復印機(ji)(ji)(ji)輻(fu)(fu)射(she)(she)(she)劑量一般都在國(guo)家允許的范圍。打印機(ji)(ji)(ji)的電(dian)子線圈和風扇(shan)部位輻(fu)(fu)射(she)(she)(she)比較(jiao)大(da)。這兩種電(dian)器(qi)孕(yun)婦偶爾使用問題不大(da)，不過如果是處于擺(bai)放著很多(duo)復印機(ji)(ji)(ji)和打印機(ji)(ji)(ji)的辦公(gong)室(shi)，這兩種電(dian)器(qi)離孕(yun)婦的距離又較(jiao)近時，建議準媽(ma)(ma)媽(ma)(ma)最好穿上防輻(fu)(fu)射(she)(she)(she)服，相信這種防輻(fu)(fu)射(she)(she)(she)方法會(hui)比較(jiao)有(you)效。

電視機輻射

傳統(tong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)器是通過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子束(shu)撞擊熒(ying)光(guang)粉(fen)而顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子束(shu)在打到熒(ying)光(guang)粉(fen)上的(de)一(yi)剎那間會產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)輻射(she)（與傳統(tong)CRT顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)器類似）。相對傳統(tong)顯(xian)像(xiang)管而言，液晶(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)輻射(she)量和等離(li)(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)輻射(she)量就小(xiao)很多（類似于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦LCD顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)器）。即(ji)便如此，孕(yun)(yun)婦若是長(chang)期看(kan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)也難(nan)免會受到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)機輻射(she)的(de)影(ying)響。建議孕(yun)(yun)婦朋友看(kan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)時(shi)最好與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)機保持2米以上的(de)距離(li)(li)，減小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)輻射(she)危害；另外需要保持室(shi)內有適當照(zhao)明；連續看(kan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)時(shi)間不(bu)要超過(guo)兩小(xiao)時(shi)；看(kan)完電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)記得(de)洗臉，及時(shi)地清理(li)面部皮膚吸收的(de)輻射(she)物質。

機場安檢輻射

很(hen)多孕婦都有乘坐飛機的經歷，在做(zuo)安(an)檢時往(wang)往(wang)會(hui)(hui)忐忑不(bu)安(an)，擔心機場(chang)安(an)檢輻射(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)對胎兒造成輻射(she)(she)傷害。其實，安(an)檢主要是通過電磁場(chang)的輻射(she)(she)，對金屬(shu)物(wu)進行探測，電磁輻射(she)(she)量很(hen)小，一般不(bu)要持(chi)續6分鐘以上就不(bu)會(hui)(hui)對人體形成影(ying)響(xiang)。

手機輻射

手(shou)機(ji)處(chu)于工作狀態(tai)時(shi)，會向發射基站(zhan)傳送無(wu)線(xian)電波，而任何一種無(wu)線(xian)電波或(huo)(huo)多或(huo)(huo)少地(di)都會被(bei)(bei)人體吸收，從而改變人體組織，有可能(neng)(neng)對人體的(de)健康(kang)帶來影響。手(shou)機(ji)輻(fu)(fu)射雖然不(bu)(bu)高，但(dan)是手(shou)機(ji)與人關系密切，是人們目前難以被(bei)(bei)替代(dai)的(de)常用(yong)(yong)設備(bei)，使用(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)當可能(neng)(neng)會產生不(bu)(bu)良后果。手(shou)機(ji)信號(hao)剛接通(tong)(tong)時(shi)，處(chu)在最(zui)大輸出功率狀態(tai)，輻(fu)(fu)射量也最(zui)大，所以在接通(tong)(tong)瞬(shun)間(jian)(jian)應將手(shou)機(ji)遠離頭(tou)部。孕婦朋友盡量不(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)隨身(shen)攜帶手(shou)機(ji)，盡量少使用(yong)(yong)手(shou)機(ji)通(tong)(tong)話或(huo)(huo)發短信，若是不(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)使用(yong)(yong)時(shi)也不(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)持續(xu)很長時(shi)間(jian)(jian)使用(yong)(yong)。