針織面料成分是什么
針織(zhi)面料的制作(zuo)成分(fen)有很多,常以(yi)滌綸、錦綸、維綸、氨綸、棉紗(sha)、丙綸、毛紗(sha)等為原料,也有用(yong)棉、毛、絲(si)、麻、化纖及其(qi)混紡(fang)紗(sha)作(zuo)為原料織(zhi)制而成。一般有良好的彈性和延伸性,織(zhi)物(wu)柔軟(ruan),堅牢耐皺,毛型感較強,且(qie)易洗(xi)快干。不(bu)過它(ta)的吸濕性差,織(zhi)物(wu)不(bu)夠(gou)挺括(kuo),且(qie)易于(yu)脫(tuo)散、卷邊,化纖面料易于(yu)起(qi)毛、起(qi)球、鉤絲(si)。
針織面料的種類有哪些
一、按照用途分類
針織面(mian)料按(an)照(zhao)用途可(ke)以分成內衣(yi)面(mian)料和外衣(yi)面(mian)料兩種。內衣(yi)面(mian)料其(qi)特點(dian)為(wei)合身隨體、有(you)彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)、舒適、運動方便(bian)、柔(rou)軟性(xing)(xing)好(hao)、吸濕透氣性(xing)(xing)好(hao)、防皺性(xing)(xing)能好(hao),但織物容(rong)易脫散,尺(chi)寸穩(wen)定性(xing)(xing)差,容(rong)易勾絲(si)、起(qi)毛起(qi)球。品種有(you)緯(wei)平針、網眼面(mian)料、雙羅(luo)(luo)紋、單羅(luo)(luo)紋、起(qi)絨(rong)等。外衣(yi)面(mian)料其(qi)特點(dian)為(wei)堅牢耐磨、縮水率小、易洗、富有(you)彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)。
二、按照制作工藝分類
1、緯編面料
緯(wei)編(bian)(bian)(bian)面料采用(yong)(yong)平(ping)針組(zu)織,變化平(ping)針組(zu)織,羅(luo)(luo)紋平(ping)針組(zu)織,雙羅(luo)(luo)紋平(ping)針組(zu)織、提花(hua)組(zu)織,毛圈組(zu)織等,在各種(zhong)緯(wei)編(bian)(bian)(bian)機上編(bian)(bian)(bian)織而成(cheng),它最少可以用(yong)(yong)一根(gen)(gen)紗線就(jiu)可以形成(cheng),但(dan)是為了提高生產效(xiao)率,一般采用(yong)(yong)多根(gen)(gen)紗線進行編(bian)(bian)(bian)織。
2、經編面料
經(jing)編(bian)面(mian)料(liao)用一根(gen)紗線是(shi)(shi)無法(fa)形成(cheng)的織物的,它需要(yao)用多根(gen)紗線同(tong)時(shi)沿布面(mian)的縱(zong)向順(shun)序成(cheng)圈(quan),才能制成(cheng),這是(shi)(shi)因為一根(gen)紗線只能形成(cheng)一根(gen)線圈(quan)構成(cheng)的璉狀(zhuang)物。經(jing)編(bian)面(mian)料(liao)具(ju)有縱(zong)尺寸穩定(ding)性好(hao),織物挺括,脫散(san)性小,不(bu)會卷邊,透氣性好(hao)等優點,但(dan)其(qi)橫向延伸、彈性和(he)柔軟性不(bu)如緯編(bian)針織物。
三、按照制作材料分類
1、滌綸色織針織面料
滌(di)(di)綸(lun)色織(zhi)(zhi)針織(zhi)(zhi)面料(liao)(liao)是以(yi)染色低彈滌(di)(di)綸(lun)絲為(wei)原料(liao)(liao),按設(she)計(ji)要求(qiu)配置好(hao)不同顏色,采用(yong)(yong)提花(hua)(hua)(hua)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi),織(zhi)(zhi)制成3~6色甚至(zhi)更多色的(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)型圖(tu)(tu)案。常見花(hua)(hua)(hua)型有(you)條形、格形、花(hua)(hua)(hua)卉、人物、動物、山(shan)水、幾(ji)何圖(tu)(tu)案等(deng)。織(zhi)(zhi)物色澤鮮艷、美觀、配色調和,質地緊密厚(hou)實,織(zhi)(zhi)紋清晰,毛(mao)型感強,有(you)類似毛(mao)織(zhi)(zhi)物花(hua)(hua)(hua)呢的(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)格。主要用(yong)(yong)作男女上裝(zhuang)、套裝(zhuang)、風(feng)(feng)衣、背心、裙子、棉襖面料(liao)(liao)、童裝(zhuang)等(deng)。
2、滌(di)綸(lun)針織勞動面料(liao)
滌(di)綸(lun)(lun)針(zhen)織(zhi)勞動面(mian)料,又稱滌(di)綸(lun)(lun)針(zhen)織(zhi)牛仔布(bu),是以低彈(dan)滌(di)綸(lun)(lun)絲(si)為原料,其中(zhong)一(yi)根較(jiao)(jiao)粗的染(ran)成藏(zang)青(qing)色,一(yi)根較(jiao)(jiao)細的為本(ben)白絲(si),采(cai)用(yong)提花組織(zhi)織(zhi)制,織(zhi)物(wu)(wu)表面(mian)在藏(zang)青(qing)色中(zhong)夾有(you)均勻細小的本(ben)色色點(dian)。這種織(zhi)物(wu)(wu)緊密厚實,堅牢耐磨(mo),挺括而有(you)彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)。若原料用(yong)含有(you)氨綸(lun)(lun)的包芯紗,則可織(zhi)成彈(dan)力針(zhen)織(zhi)牛仔布(bu),彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)更(geng)好(hao)。主要用(yong)作男女上裝和長褲(ku)。
3、滌(di)綸針織燈芯條面料
滌綸針織(zhi)(zhi)燈(deng)芯條面(mian)料(liao)是以低(di)彈(dan)(dan)滌綸絲作原料(liao),采(cai)用(yong)變化雙羅紋(wen)組織(zhi)(zhi)織(zhi)(zhi)制的。在編織(zhi)(zhi)時,每隔若干縱行(xing)線(xian)圈抽去1~2針,從(cong)而使布面(mian)呈現闊狹不等(deng)、凹凸不平的直向條紋(wen)。條紋(wen)的粗細可按要求而定。這種(zhong)織(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)凹凸分明,手感厚(hou)實豐滿,彈(dan)(dan)性(xing)和保暖性(xing)良(liang)好。主要用(yong)作男(nan)女上裝(zhuang)、套(tao)裝(zhuang)、風衣、童裝(zhuang)等(deng)面(mian)料(liao)。
4、滌蓋棉(mian)針織面料
滌蓋(gai)棉針織(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)料(liao)是一種(zhong)雙羅(luo)紋復合滌棉交織(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)。它采用(yong)滌綸紗織(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)織(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)正面(mian),棉紗織(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)織(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)反(fan)面(mian),通過集(ji)圈將正反(fan)面(mian)加以連結。織(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)經染色后作襯衣、茄克衫、運動服面(mian)料(liao)。這種(zhong)面(mian)料(liao)挺括(kuo)抗皺,堅牢耐磨,貼(tie)身一面(mian)吸(xi)濕(shi)透氣(qi),柔軟(ruan)舒適。
5、人造毛(mao)皮針織(zhi)物(wu)
人(ren)(ren)造毛(mao)(mao)皮針(zhen)織物常以棉紗(sha)(sha)、粘(zhan)膠紗(sha)(sha)或(huo)丙綸紗(sha)(sha)作底布用紗(sha)(sha),以腈(jing)(jing)綸或(huo)變性腈(jing)(jing)綸作絨毛(mao)(mao),編(bian)織時將纖(xian)維束與地紗(sha)(sha)一起(qi)成圈,并(bing)使纖(xian)維兩端露在織物的(de)表面(mian)(mian),在編(bian)織后于織物反(fan)面(mian)(mian)涂布粘(zhan)合(he)劑,使織物定形(xing),以免掉毛(mao)(mao),然(ran)后經梳(shu)毛(mao)(mao)、印花、剪(jian)毛(mao)(mao)等(deng)一系(xi)列后整理加(jia)工,得(de)到具有多種外觀效應的(de)人(ren)(ren)造毛(mao)(mao)皮。這種織物手感厚實(shi)、柔軟、保暖性好。根據品種不同,主要用作大衣面(mian)(mian)料、服裝襯里、衣領、帽子等(deng)。人(ren)(ren)造毛(mao)(mao)皮也用經編(bian)方法織制的(de)。
6、天鵝絨(rong)針織物
天鵝(e)絨(rong)(rong)針織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)是用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)棉(mian)紗(sha)(sha)(sha)、滌綸(lun)(lun)長絲、錦綸(lun)(lun)長絲、滌棉(mian)混紡紗(sha)(sha)(sha)等(deng)原料作地紗(sha)(sha)(sha),以棉(mian)紗(sha)(sha)(sha)、滌綸(lun)(lun)長絲或滌綸(lun)(lun)變(bian)形絲、滌棉(mian)混紡紗(sha)(sha)(sha)作起絨(rong)(rong)紗(sha)(sha)(sha),采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)毛圈(quan)組織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在長毛絨(rong)(rong)針織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機上織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制的地紗(sha)(sha)(sha)形成(cheng)(cheng)地組織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),絨(rong)(rong)紗(sha)(sha)(sha)形成(cheng)(cheng)毛圈(quan),再經割圈(quan)而形成(cheng)(cheng)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)表面的絨(rong)(rong)毛,再經剪、燙(tang)毛后(hou)整理而成(cheng)(cheng)。也可將(jiang)起絨(rong)(rong)紗(sha)(sha)(sha)按襯墊(dian)紗(sha)(sha)(sha)編入地組織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),經割圈(quan)而成(cheng)(cheng)。這種織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的手感柔軟(ruan),織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)厚(hou)實(shi),堅牢耐磨,絨(rong)(rong)毛濃(nong)密聳立,色(se)光柔和。主要用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作外衣面料、衣領或帽子用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)料等(deng)。天鵝(e)針織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)是長毛絨(rong)(rong)針織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的一種。長毛絨(rong)(rong)針織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)除(chu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)緯編方法(fa)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造外,也可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)經編方法(fa)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造,例(li)如(ru),經編毛圈(quan)剪絨(rong)(rong)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)。
7、港(gang)型針(zhen)織呢絨
港型針織呢(ni)絨(rong)是用高級(ji)羊絨(rong)與(yu)滌綸絲而成的緯編針織呢(ni)絨(rong)。它即有羊絨(rong)織物(wu)的滑糯、柔(rou)軟(ruan)、膨松的手感,又有絲織物(wu)的光澤柔(rou)和(he)、懸垂性好、不縮水、透氣(qi)性強的特點。主要用作春、秋、冬時裝的面料。
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