筆記本電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)芯是什么 筆記本電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)芯材料(liao)種類(lei)介紹(shao)

筆(bi)記本(ben)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)指的(de)是(shi)將化學能(neng)、光(guang)能(neng)、原子能(neng)等其它(ta)形式的(de)能(neng)轉化為(wei)電(dian)能(neng)的(de)裝置(zhi)，并(bing)且轉換的(de)電(dian)能(neng)能(neng)夠適用(yong)于筆(bi)記本(ben)電(dian)腦。它(ta)分為(wei)一(yi)次(ci)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)（俗稱(cheng)干電(dian)池(chi)(chi)）和(he)(he)二次(ci)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)（即(ji)可反(fan)復(fu)充電(dian)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)），隨著技術的(de)進步(bu)和(he)(he)發展(zhan)，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)經歷了鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)池(chi)(chi)到鎳(nie)氫電(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)（包括金屬鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)鋰聚合物電(dian)池(chi)(chi)）和(he)(he)正在發展(zhan)中(zhong)的(de)燃料電(dian)池(chi)(chi)等。每一(yi)次(ci)技術革新不但使電(dian)池(chi)(chi)在容量(liang)、重量(liang)、使用(yong)的(de)方便程(cheng)度的(de)方面有重大的(de)突破，而且也變得越來越環(huan)保。

筆記本電池的種類和特性：

鎳鎘電池（Ni-Cd）

它是(shi)筆記本所(suo)使用的(de)(de)電池中的(de)(de)元老級(ji)人(ren)物，但(dan)是(shi)由于(yu)它有(you)(you)嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)記憶效應以及(ji)所(suo)使用的(de)(de)陽極材(cai)料鎳(nie)（Ni）有(you)(you)毒和對環(huan)境(jing)會產生污染，因此很快就被筆記本嫌(xian)棄了，取而代(dai)之的(de)(de)是(shi)更優秀(xiu)的(de)(de)鎳(nie)氫電池。

鎳氫電池（Ni-MH）

它與鎳(nie)鎘電池(chi)結構原理基本相同(tong)，只(zhi)是將陰極(ji)換(huan)成性(xing)能(neng)更好(hao)、更環保的(de)無毒的(de)鎳(nie)－金屬氫化物材料(liao)。雖(sui)然只(zhi)是小小的(de)改變，但卻帶來了性(xing)能(neng)上的(de)極(ji)大提(ti)高。它還有一個優點就(jiu)是記(ji)憶效(xiao)(xiao)應不(bu)明顯，這樣就(jiu)使我們不(bu)用再為那討(tao)厭的(de)記(ji)憶效(xiao)(xiao)應煩惱從(cong)而更加方便使用。雖(sui)然鎳(nie)氫電池(chi)的(de)性(xing)能(neng)十分(fen)不(bu)錯，但隨著技術的(de)進步它被質量(liang)更輕、能(neng)量(liang)密(mi)度更高的(de)鋰電池(chi)所(suo)替代，成了筆記(ji)本電池(chi)歷史中的(de)昨日黃花。

鋰電池

很多(duo)人認為(wei)說到鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)就是指我們現在(zai)常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)聚(ju)合物(wu)電(dian)池(chi)，其實鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)包括(kuo)金(jin)屬鋰(li)離子電(dian)池(chi)（Li－MO2）和鋰(li)聚(ju)合物(wu)電(dian)池(chi)（Li－ion）兩種。因為(wei)Li－MO2電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)1989年(nian)進入市場(chang)時發(fa)生著火爆炸事(shi)件而夭折(zhe)，因而它(ta)很快(kuai)從人們的(de)(de)(de)(de)視線中(zhong)消失，取而代(dai)之的(de)(de)(de)(de)是更安全的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)聚(ju)合物(wu)電(dian)池(chi)。它(ta)重量(liang)輕，在(zai)同容量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下它(ta)重量(liang)只有鎳氫電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)1/2左右(you)，因此(ci)它(ta)迅速(su)成為(wei)移動便攜(xie)設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)新寵(chong)兒(er)，被大多(duo)數筆記(ji)本(ben)電(dian)腦所(suo)使用(yong)，是現在(zai)筆記(ji)本(ben)電(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)堅(jian)力量(liang)。

燃料電池（Fuel Cell）

燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池是筆記(ji)本(ben)(ben)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)未(wei)來(lai)新星，它有很(hen)多(duo)種類，包括(kuo)質(zhi)(zhi)子交換膜燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池（PEM）、堿(jian)性燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池（AFC）和固(gu)體氧(yang)化(hua)物(wu)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池（SOFC）等(deng)多(duo)種，但由(you)于燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)啟動時間(jian)和運(yun)行(xing)溫度(du)等(deng)原(yuan)因實際上適(shi)合筆記(ji)本(ben)(ben)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)使用(yong)的(de)(de)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池只有質(zhi)(zhi)子交換膜燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池（PEM）。PEM燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池使用(yong)的(de)(de)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)是甲醇等(deng)，由(you)正(zheng)(zheng)、負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)它發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)原(yuan)理是經過(guo)(guo)對甲醇進(jin)(jin)行(xing)氫(qing)重整后輸入(ru)負極，氧(yang)輸入(ru)正(zheng)(zheng)極，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)催化(hua)劑(ji)的(de)(de)作用(yong)，氫(qing)原(yuan)子轉變為(wei)質(zhi)(zhi)子和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子，由(you)不(bu)同路徑進(jin)(jin)入(ru)正(zheng)(zheng)極，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子通(tong)過(guo)(guo)內(nei)部循環產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，質(zhi)(zhi)子通(tong)過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液達到正(zheng)(zheng)極，與(yu)氧(yang)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子結合后產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水和熱。專家們一致(zhi)認為(wei)，制(zhi)約燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池商業應用(yong)最大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)因素(su)是燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池要使用(yong)金屬鉑（Pt）即白金做催化(hua)劑(ji)使生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)一直居高不(bu)下，目前燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)在(zai)500～1000美(mei)(mei)元/千瓦(wa)。研(yan)究顯示，只有當燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)降(jiang)至(zhi)50美(mei)(mei)元/千瓦(wa)左右的(de)(de)水平時才能(neng)真正(zheng)(zheng)為(wei)消費(fei)者所接受。燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)高的(de)(de)主要原(yuan)因是尚未(wei)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)批量(liang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)，一旦進(jin)(jin)入(ru)大(da)(da)(da)批量(liang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)階段，燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)信息肯定會大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)降(jiang)低。

鋰聚合物(wu)電(dian)池的單位能量比目前(qian)的一般鋰離(li)子電(dian)池提高了10%，安全性(xing)也(ye)大大提高，符合經濟性(xing)和設計(ji)原則，因此，市面上主要(yao)銷售的大多數(shu)是鋰聚合物(wu)材質筆記本電(dian)池。