【冰箱壓縮機(ji)】冰箱壓縮機(ji)工作原(yuan)理 冰箱壓縮機(ji)不啟動(dong)的原(yuan)因
冰箱壓縮機工作原理
壓縮機(ji)(ji)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的定子繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)是電(dian)感線(xian)圈,由于運行繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)和啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)的線(xian)徑和匝數不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong),因此阻抗也就不(bu)(bu)同(tong)。當兩(liang)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)接入(ru)交流電(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)時(shi),運行繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)中(zhong)的電(dian)流滯后電(dian)壓90°會產生兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的感抗值(zhi),雖然到達兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)上(shang)的是同(tong)相(xiang)(xiang)位的50Hz交流電(dian),而在兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)上(shang)會產生不(bu)(bu)同(tong)相(xiang)(xiang)位差的電(dian)流和電(dian)壓值(zhi),起(qi)到電(dian)阻分相(xiang)(xiang)作用,產生啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)矩。當電(dian)機(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)速達到額定轉(zhuan)速的70%~80%時(shi),啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)在啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)繼電(dian)器(qi)的控制下斷(duan)開啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)電(dian)路(lu),只由運行繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)運行。
冰箱壓縮機不啟動
檢查冰箱壓縮機不工作原因
1、冰箱溫度設(she)置(zhi)過高,內(nei)部溫度已經達到設(she)定(ding)溫度,因此(ci)不啟動。
2、有可能冰箱(xiang)出現故障。
冰箱(xiang)壓(ya)縮機不啟動會有以下(xia)八種(zhong)原因:
3、檢查(cha)外接電(dian)(dian)源以及壓縮機輸入電(dian)(dian)壓有(you)無
檢查接(jie)電(dian)源、壓縮(suo)機輸(shu)入電(dian)壓是(shi)(shi)否符合標準要(yao)求(qiu)(187V~242V),用(yong)萬(wan)用(yong)表交流檔外接(jie)電(dian)源、壓縮(suo)機輸(shu)入電(dian)壓情況是(shi)(shi)否在(zai)此范(fan)圍(wei)之內,如不符合要(yao)應采取措施調整到正常范(fan)圍(wei)之內。
4、環境溫(wen)度過低(di)
a. 環(huan)(huan)境溫度(du)(du)(du)過低(1~10℃)時(shi)(shi)(shi),如果(guo)冰箱(xiang)為(wei)人工補償方式,此時(shi)(shi)(shi)需(xu)要打開補償開關,如果(guo)磁(ci)性(xing)溫度(du)(du)(du)補償開關,則需(xu)要檢查磁(ci)性(xing)開關是否正常:因為(wei)環(huan)(huan)境溫度(du)(du)(du)過低,特別是對于(yu)雙溫單控(kong)冰箱(xiang)的冰箱(xiang),只要壓縮機工作(zuo)很(hen)短(duan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)冷藏室(shi)就達到(dao)了預(yu)定的溫度(du)(du)(du)(1~10℃),同時(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)于(yu)環(huan)(huan)境溫度(du)(du)(du)低,冷藏室(shi)的溫度(du)(du)(du)回升(sheng)很(hen)慢或不(bu)回升(sheng),壓縮機長(chang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)不(bu)工作(zuo),停(ting)機的時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)過長(chang),而造成冷凍室(shi)的溫度(du)(du)(du)過高,達不(bu)到(dao)-18℃以下(xia)。
b. 當(dang)環(huan)境溫度(du)低于(yu)0℃時(shi),應停(ting)止使用冰箱:因為環(huan)境溫度(du)低于(yu)0℃時(shi),壓縮(suo)機油變稠,潤滑(hua)性能變差;同(tong)時(shi)冷(leng)凝壓力變低,制冷(leng)劑不會(hui)流入蒸發器(qi),此時(shi)若繼續使用冰箱不會(hui)正常工作(zuo)還可能會(hui)造成壓縮(suo)機損壞。
5、檢(jian)查(cha)溫(wen)控(kong)器或主控(kong)板是(shi)否正常(chang)
a. 首先檢查溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是否(fou)(fou)在(zai)“0”檔(dang),如(ru)(ru)不在(zai)此檔(dang)位(wei),再檢查溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是否(fou)(fou)正常:在(zai)通(tong)電(dian)的情(qing)況下(xia)(xia)將溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)檔(dang)位(wei)調至強冷檔(dang)(無強冷檔(dang)則調到7檔(dang)),如(ru)(ru)果(guo)感溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)探(tan)頭(tou)(tou)在(zai)箱內(nei)也(ye)可(ke)(ke)用熱毛巾加溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)感溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)探(tan)頭(tou)(tou),觀察壓(ya)(ya)縮機是否(fou)(fou)運行。如(ru)(ru)果(guo)壓(ya)(ya)縮機不啟動,則溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)能有故障,此時可(ke)(ke)切斷電(dian)源拆下(xia)(xia)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)用萬用表歐(ou)姆檔(dang)測量電(dian)源接點與壓(ya)(ya)縮機輸(shu)入接點是否(fou)(fou)導(dao)通(tong)(阻值(zhi)為零,根(gen)據溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的型號、參數(shu)標牌測量相應的接點)。如(ru)(ru)導(dao)通(tong)再檢查溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)感溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)管是否(fou)(fou)有折斷、裂紋、泄露泄漏現象(xiang),如(ru)(ru)有則需要更換溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。
b. 對于電(dian)(dian)子控制系統的(de)(de)冰箱,在通電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)情況下,用(yong)萬用(yong)表交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)壓擋測(ce)量(liang)主控板輸入電(dian)(dian)壓與輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓是否正常,顯示(shi)屏是否顯示(shi)壓縮機工作?各傳感器是否正常?各接插件接觸是否正常?如輸入端電(dian)(dian)壓正常輸出(chu)端無電(dian)(dian)壓則說明主控板有故(gu)障。
7、PTC啟動(dong)器故障
用(yong)萬用(yong)表歐姆檔測量(liang)PTC啟動器(qi)運行插孔與啟動插孔兩端的(de)阻值(zhi)是否正常(常態下(xia)的(de)正常阻值(zhi)在16~50歐姆之間(jian)),如(ru)無窮大或為(wei)0則PTC啟動器(qi)損壞,應更換(huan)。
8、過載保(bao)護(hu)器故障
用電流(liu)表測(ce)量(liang)壓(ya)縮機啟動(dong)、運行電流(liu)是(shi)否正常(chang)(啟動(dong)電流(liu)一般為運行電流(liu)的5~8倍左右),如(ru)電流(liu)正常(chang)過載保護(hu)器動(dong)作,則過載保護(hu)器失(shi)靈(ling),應更換。反之,則壓(ya)縮機有(you)故障。
9、壓縮機各連接(jie)(jie)點接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)是否良(liang)好
檢查壓縮機PTC啟動保護器各個插(cha)(cha)接如何,并重(zhong)新(xin)插(cha)(cha)接通電測(ce)試(shi)。
10、壓縮機(ji)內(nei)部故障
如果測試(shi)壓縮(suo)機(ji)附件都正常,而(er)壓縮(suo)機(ji)仍不能啟動(dong),并且過載保護器(qi)動(dong)作(zuo)(此時測量啟動(dong)電流(liu)過大(da))判定為壓縮(suo)機(ji)卡缸或壓縮(suo)機(ji)抱軸,需(xu)要(yao)更換(huan)壓縮(suo)機(ji)。
11、壓(ya)縮機繞(rao)組短(duan)斷(duan)路
用(yong)(yong)萬用(yong)(yong)表歐(ou)姆擋測(ce)量三端的電(dian)阻,如果(guo)測(ce)得某兩端的阻值為(wei)零或(huo)者(zhe)無窮大(da)則(ze)說明(ming)該繞組為(wei)短路(lu)或(huo)者(zhe)斷路(lu),則(ze)需要(yao)更換壓(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)。
引起壓縮機不啟動的其它因素:
1、壓縮(suo)機電機匝間短路。
2、溫度控制器(qi)不良。
3、過載保護(hu)器不良。
4、啟(qi)動繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)損壞。首(shou)先用萬(wan)用表測壓縮機電(dian)(dian)動機阻值正常,再(zai)檢(jian)查溫度控制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)良好,過載保護器(qi)(qi)無異(yi)常現象,估計啟(qi)動繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)內(nei)部(bu)損壞。試用絕緣導線(xian)將(jiang)啟(qi)動接線(xian)柱和運轉(zhuan)接線(xian)柱接通,故障消(xiao)失,判斷啟(qi)動繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)損壞。
冰箱壓縮機不工作解決辦法
查(cha)溫(wen)(wen)控器(qi)(qi)、溫(wen)(wen)度補(bu)償開關(guan)(室(shi)溫(wen)(wen)低于10度應打開)、啟(qi)動器(qi)(qi)、過流(liu)保護(hu)器(qi)(qi)及壓縮(suo)機本(ben)身;
先把冰箱電源(yuan)拔(ba)掉,然后把溫控器數字打(da)到最大,再插(cha)上電源(yuan),觀察冰箱壓(ya)縮機(ji)是否啟動運(yun)轉,如果會運(yun)轉,說明(ming)壓(ya)縮機(ji)沒有問題,如果不運(yun)轉,溫控器就有問題;
這種情況不是壓縮機壞就是溫控器(qi)壞!建議先檢(jian)查溫控器(qi)!
溫控器(qi)、壓縮機本(ben)身、啟動器(qi)、熱保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)、制冷劑泄(xie)漏干(gan)凈,這幾個都可(ke)能。
燈(deng)亮說明(ming)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya),主線路基本正常。接下(xia)來查(cha)(cha)看溫控器,看有(you)沒有(you)220電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)送(song)到壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機,如果(guo)沒有(you),說明(ming)溫控器損壞(huai)。如果(guo)有(you),檢查(cha)(cha)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機的啟動(dong)線圈(quan),啟動(dong)電阻等(deng)。過熱(re),過流(liu)保護器。以(yi)上(shang)檢查(cha)(cha)都沒有(you)問題。必(bi)然是壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機損壞(huai),只能更換。
冰箱壓縮機故障維修
1、接通電源后(hou),使用木錘或橡膠(jiao)錘輕(qing)輕(qing)敲打壓(ya)縮機的外殼,并不斷變換(huan)敲擊(ji)位置,此種方法可排除輕(qing)微卡(ka)剛(gang)、抱住故障。
2、對于(yu)變(bian)頻壓縮(suo)(suo)機來(lai)說,可以利(li)用調(diao)壓器將電(dian)源電(dian)壓適當提高,或者在壓縮(suo)(suo)機的啟動(dong)(dong)電(dian)路(lu)中串聯一個無極性電(dian)解電(dian)容作為啟動(dong)(dong)電(dian)容,以增加(jia)壓縮(suo)(suo)機的啟動(dong)(dong)電(dian)流,來(lai)排除輕微卡缸,抱住故障。
3、對于嚴重的抱住(zhu),卡(ka)缸現象,則要(yao)更換新的壓(ya)縮機。