【大芯板選購(gou)】如何選購(gou)大芯板 教你分辨(bian)大芯板質量好壞

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大芯板又稱(cheng)細木工板(ban)，是(shi)家庭裝修的(de)(de)主要材料之一(yi)。它的(de)(de)芯(xin)(xin)用天然(ran)木條拼接而成(cheng)，上下分別(bie)貼(tie)有一(yi)層木表(biao)(biao)皮。消費者(zhe)一(yi)般只(zhi)能(neng)看(kan)到大(da)芯(xin)(xin)板(ban)的(de)(de)外(wai)表(biao)(biao)，也許覺得無論是(shi)品牌還是(shi)雜牌的(de)(de)大(da)芯(xin)(xin)板(ban)從表(biao)(biao)面(mian)上看(kan)差別(bie)不大(da)。那么，如(ru)何甄別(bie)大(da)芯(xin)(xin)板(ban)質量的(de)(de)好(hao)壞? 其實(shi)并(bing)不難，只(zhi)要掌握(wo)大(da)芯(xin)(xin)板(ban)的(de)(de)四(si)個特性(xing)——平(ping)整(zheng)性(xing)、勻稱(cheng)性(xing)、穩定性(xing)和環保性(xing)，便可以助(zhu)你買到優質的(de)(de)板(ban)材。

1.平整性：外表要平整光滑

大(da)芯(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)質量(liang)是(shi)否合格，最直觀的(de)檢查方法(fa)是(shi)看其外(wai)觀。大(da)芯(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)最外(wai)層(ceng)是(shi)單(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)，優質的(de)單(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)厚度在0.35毫米以(yi)上。一般正規廠(chang)家生(sheng)產的(de)單(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)經過(guo)(guo)雙面(mian)砂光(guang)處理，外(wai)觀平(ping)整(zheng)，板(ban)(ban)(ban)面(mian)光(guang)滑(hua)，表面(mian)也(ye)沒有(you)明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)色差。而劣質的(de)大(da)芯(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)由于(yu)生(sheng)產工藝不過(guo)(guo)關(guan)，表面(mian)往往做工粗(cu)糙，有(you)毛(mao)刺(ci)、凹凸不平(ping)等情況。

提醒：檢查平(ping)整性(xing)時，消費(fei)者要用手去觸摸，光(guang)滑(hua)感越(yue)(yue)強，說明板材表(biao)面(mian)處理(li)越(yue)(yue)到位。

2.勻稱性：芯板木條拼接要勻稱

大(da)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)是否牢固耐用(yong)，關(guan)鍵在第三(san)層芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)材及工藝。選購(gou)時，從(cong)側面(mian)觀(guan)察(cha)大(da)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)構(gou)造也非常(chang)重(zhong)要(yao)。拿到(dao)一塊大(da)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)，要(yao)仔(zi)細觀(guan)察(cha)其側面(mian)結構(gou)，特別是板(ban)(ban)(ban)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)組合木(mu)(mu)(mu)條(tiao)(tiao)。市面(mian)上大(da)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)木(mu)(mu)(mu)條(tiao)(tiao)多(duo)為杉木(mu)(mu)(mu)，正(zheng)規(gui)廠家生(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)板(ban)(ban)(ban)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)木(mu)(mu)(mu)條(tiao)(tiao)比例均(jun)勻，單片寬度(du)在5厘米左(zuo)右(you)。消費者(zhe)選購(gou)時，除(chu)了檢查芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)木(mu)(mu)(mu)條(tiao)(tiao)的(de)(de)(de)寬度(du)，還要(yao)檢查兩塊芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)木(mu)(mu)(mu)條(tiao)(tiao)是否拼接緊密，有沒有明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)縫(feng)隙。

劣質的大芯板(ban)木條拼接不緊密，縫隙明顯(xian)。有的廠家為(wei)了掩蓋這一(yi)缺陷(xian)，用膩子、石(shi)膏(gao)粉(fen)等材料(liao)填(tian)充在木條的縫隙。消費者(zhe)可查(cha)看大芯板(ban)側邊，若看到(dao)有補膠(jiao)、補膩子現象，說(shuo)明其內部可能(neng)有縫隙或空(kong)洞。

提醒：如果商家允許(xu)，消費者可鋸(ju)下大芯板的一角，觀察其內部(bu)木(mu)(mu)芯的結(jie)構(gou)。中間拼(pin)接的小木(mu)(mu)條(tiao)不能使(shi)用有樹皮、蛀(zhu)孔和死結(jie)的木(mu)(mu)材。質量較好的大芯板，木(mu)(mu)條(tiao)之間的銜接很密實。

3.穩定性：中板越厚板材越穩定

大芯(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)由內到(dao)外可分(fen)為芯(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)、中板(ban)(ban)(ban)和面(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)三(san)層。大芯(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)第二層面(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)通常稱(cheng)為中板(ban)(ban)(ban)，主要(yao)起(qi)到(dao)穩定芯(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)木(mu)條的(de)作用，所以中板(ban)(ban)(ban)越厚(hou)(hou)，大芯(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)穩定性越好。上方板(ban)(ban)(ban)材的(de)中板(ban)(ban)(ban)較薄，容易造成大芯(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)抗彎曲度(du)不足，下方板(ban)(ban)(ban)材的(de)中板(ban)(ban)(ban)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)合適。

由于大芯(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)屬于多層結(jie)構，每層材(cai)料的質(zhi)量高低都(dou)會影響總體質(zhi)量。一些小廠家生產的大芯(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)為(wei)了節省成(cheng)本，使用的中板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)很(hen)薄，造成(cheng)大芯(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的抗(kang)彎曲度(du)(du)不足。如果(guo)用力彎折，此類(lei)大芯(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)容易從兩片芯(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)木條的縫隙處裂開。此外(wai)，很(hen)多商家銷售板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)時(shi)都(dou)是疊加堆放，消費者(zhe)挑選(xuan)大芯(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)時(shi)，可以先看這疊板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)中每塊板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)的側(ce)面，觀察其中板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)厚(hou)度(du)(du)是否一致(zhi)。若(ruo)厚(hou)度(du)(du)基本一致(zhi)，說明板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)加工工藝(yi)水準較高，質(zhi)量也有保障。

提醒：鑒別大芯板(ban)(ban)的(de)質量，還可以(yi)敲擊板(ban)(ban)材(cai)表面(mian)，聽一聽聲(sheng)音(yin)的(de)差異，如果聲(sheng)音(yin)有變(bian)化，說明板(ban)(ban)材(cai)內(nei)部存在(zai)空洞(dong)。這樣的(de)板(ban)(ban)材(cai)整體強度較弱(ruo)，長期受力不均會使板(ban)(ban)材(cai)結(jie)構發生扭曲、變(bian)形，影響外觀(guan)及使用。

4.環保性：環保板材看等級

大芯板在芯板木條拼接以及板芯與表面單板膠合時都要使用膠水，這樣或多或少釋放游離甲醛。當游離甲醛含量超過一定范圍時，會影響人體健康。因此，環保細木工板與劣質細木工板的主要區別在于膠水的(de)(de)(de)好壞。專家表示(shi)，由于消費者無法現場驗證大(da)(da)(da)芯板的(de)(de)(de)甲醛(quan)釋(shi)放(fang)量(liang)是否超標，所以可(ke)以聞(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)一(yi)聞(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)板材(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)氣味(wei)，對(dui)大(da)(da)(da)芯板環(huan)保性進行初(chu)步判(pan)斷。若使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)膠水是環(huan)保膠，大(da)(da)(da)芯板只有干燥的(de)(de)(de)木(mu)板味(wei)，聞(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)不到刺(ci)鼻(bi)的(de)(de)(de)甲醛(quan)味(wei)道。如果大(da)(da)(da)芯板散(san)發出(chu)刺(ci)鼻(bi)氣味(wei)，說明甲醛(quan)釋(shi)放(fang)量(liang)較(jiao)高(gao)。此外，消費者不能只關注(zhu)商家提(ti)供的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)芯板樣品，還要聞(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)一(yi)聞(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)堆放(fang)在(zai)(zai)賣場里的(de)(de)(de)其他板材(cai)(cai)。因為樣品可(ke)能由于長時(shi)間存放(fang)，異味(wei)已經散(san)發殆盡，所以消費者應該靠近(jin)成堆擺放(fang)特別是壓在(zai)(zai)中間的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)芯板聞(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)一(yi)聞(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，是否有刺(ci)鼻(bi)的(de)(de)(de)氣味(wei)。

提醒：驗證(zheng)大(da)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)板(ban)是否環(huan)保(bao)，還可查看其(qi)板(ban)身或檢(jian)測報(bao)告上的(de)環(huan)保(bao)等(deng)級(ji)。大(da)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)板(ban)根(gen)據環(huan)保(bao)標準分為(wei)E0級(ji)、E1級(ji)、E2級(ji)，E0級(ji)大(da)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)板(ban)的(de)甲(jia)醛釋(shi)(shi)放量≤0.5毫克/升(sheng)，E1級(ji)甲(jia)醛釋(shi)(shi)放量≤1.5毫克/升(sheng)，E2級(ji)甲(jia)醛釋(shi)(shi)放量≤5毫克/升(sheng)。其(qi)中，E2級(ji)大(da)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)板(ban)的(de)環(huan)保(bao)性能較差，不能直接用于(yu)室內裝修。消費者選購(gou)時要注意區分。