什么是整流器
整流器是把交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)轉換成直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)的(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置,可用于(yu)供電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置及偵測無(wu)線電(dian)(dian)信號等。整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)可以真空管,引燃管,固態矽半(ban)導體二(er)極管,汞(gong)弧等制成。整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)是一個(ge)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置,簡單的(de)說(shuo)就是將交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(AC)轉化為直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(DC)的(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置。它有(you)兩(liang)個(ge)主要功(gong)能:第一,將交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(AC)變成直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(DC),經濾波后供給負載,或者供給逆變器(qi)(qi);第二(er),給蓄電(dian)(dian)池提供充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。因此,它同(tong)時(shi)又起到一個(ge)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)作用。
整流器原理
在以(yi)大功(gong)(gong)率(lv)二(er)極管或晶閘(zha)管為基(ji)礎(chu)的(de)兩種基(ji)本(ben)類型(xing)的(de)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)中,電(dian)網的(de)高壓(ya)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)通過變壓(ya)器(qi)變換(huan)為直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)。提到未來(不久的(de)或遙(yao)遠(yuan)的(de))的(de)其它類型(xing)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi):以(yi)不可控二(er)極管前沿產品為基(ji)礎(chu)的(de)斬(zhan)波器(qi)、斬(zhan)波直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)/直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)變換(huan)器(qi)或電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)源逆變型(xing)有(you)源整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)。
整流器與鎮流器的區別
把交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)變成(cheng)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)設備就(jiu)稱(cheng)為整(zheng)流器。按照所采用的(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)流器件,可(ke)分(fen)為機械式、電(dian)(dian)(dian)子管式和半導體式幾類。 電(dian)(dian)(dian)感鎮流器是(shi)一個鐵芯電(dian)(dian)(dian)感線(xian)圈(quan),電(dian)(dian)(dian)感的(de)(de)(de)性質是(shi)當線(xian)圈(quan)中的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流發生變化時,則(ze)在線(xian)圈(quan)中將引起磁通的(de)(de)(de)變化,從而產生感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢,其方向(xiang)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)方向(xiang)相反(fan),因而阻礙著電(dian)(dian)(dian)流變化。
鎮流器是什么
鎮流器(qi)(ballast resistor)是日光燈上起限流作用和產生瞬間高壓的設備,它是在硅鋼制作的鐵芯上纏漆包線制作而成,這樣的帶鐵芯的線圈,在瞬間開/關上電(dian)(dian)時,就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)自感產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)高壓,加在日(ri)光(guang)(guang)燈(deng)(deng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的兩端的電(dian)(dian)極(燈(deng)(deng)絲(si)(si))上。這個(ge)動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)是交替進(jin)行的,當啟輝(hui)器(qi)(跳泡)閉(bi)合(he)時,燈(deng)(deng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的燈(deng)(deng)絲(si)(si)通過鎮(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)限(xian)流(liu)導通發熱(re);當啟輝(hui)器(qi)開(kai)路時,鎮(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)自感產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)高壓加在燈(deng)(deng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的兩端燈(deng)(deng)絲(si)(si)上,燈(deng)(deng)絲(si)(si)發射電(dian)(dian)子轟擊管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壁的螢光(guang)(guang)粉發光(guang)(guang),啟輝(hui)器(qi)反(fan)復(fu)幾次(ci)通斷,就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)反(fan)復(fu)幾次(ci)這樣的動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo),從而(er)打(da)通燈(deng)(deng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。當燈(deng)(deng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)正(zheng)常發光(guang)(guang)時,內阻變(bian)小(xiao),啟輝(hui)器(qi)就(jiu)始終(zhong)保持(chi)開(kai)路狀態,這樣電(dian)(dian)流(liu)就(jiu)穩定(ding)的通過燈(deng)(deng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、鎮(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)了,使燈(deng)(deng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)正(zheng)常發光(guang)(guang)。由于鎮(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)在日(ri)光(guang)(guang)燈(deng)(deng)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時,始終(zhong)有(you)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)通過,所以(yi)容易(yi)(yi)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)振動(dong),并且會(hui)(hui)發熱(re),所以(yi)有(you)鎮(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)的日(ri)光(guang)(guang)燈(deng)(deng),特(te)別(bie)是鎮(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)質量不好時,會(hui)(hui)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)很大的聲音(yin),用的時間長了,還容易(yi)(yi)燒毀。
電子鎮流器的工作原理
電(dian)(dian)子鎮(zhen)流器(qi)(qi)是(shi)一個將(jiang)工(gong)(gong)頻交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)轉換成高(gao)頻交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的變(bian)換器(qi)(qi),其基本(ben)工(gong)(gong)作原(yuan)理是(shi):工(gong)(gong)頻電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)經(jing)過射頻干擾(RFI)濾波器(qi)(qi),全波整流和(he)無源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(或有源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan))功(gong)率因數校正(zheng)器(qi)(qi)(PPFC或APFC)后,變(bian)為(wei)直流電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。通(tong)過DC/AC變(bian)換器(qi)(qi),輸(shu)出20K-100KHZ的高(gao)頻交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),加到與燈(deng)(deng)連接的LC串聯諧振電(dian)(dian)路加熱(re)燈(deng)(deng)絲,同(tong)時(shi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)上產(chan)生諧振高(gao)壓,加在(zai)燈(deng)(deng)管兩端,但(dan)使(shi)燈(deng)(deng)管"放電(dian)(dian)"變(bian)成"導(dao)通(tong)"狀態,再(zai)進(jin)入發光狀態,此(ci)時(shi)高(gao)頻電(dian)(dian)感起(qi)限制電(dian)(dian)流增(zeng)大(da)的作用,保證燈(deng)(deng)管獲得正(zheng)常(chang)工(gong)(gong)作所需的燈(deng)(deng)電(dian)(dian)壓和(he)燈(deng)(deng)電(dian)(dian)流,為(wei)了提高(gao)可靠性,常(chang)增(zeng)設各種保護電(dian)(dian)路,如異常(chang)保護,浪涌(yong)電(dian)(dian)壓和(he)電(dian)(dian)流保護,溫度保護等(deng)等(deng)。
直管熒光燈鎮流器
直管熒光燈鎮流器對實(shi)施(shi)“照(zhao)明功率(lv)(lv)密(mi)(mi)度(LPD)”限值(zhi)的影響 GB50034-2004第6章(zhang)規定(ding)了“照(zhao)明功率(lv)(lv)密(mi)(mi)度(LPD)”最高限值(zhi)指標,并作為(wei)強制(zhi)性(xing)條文發布。這項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)規定(ding)對于實(shi)施(shi)我國節能方針無疑是(shi)十分積極而有效的。要實(shi)施(shi)這項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)指標,必須全面地采取各(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)措施(shi),包括(kuo)合理確定(ding)照(zhao)度水(shui)平(ping),開展科學的照(zhao)明工程設計等,但合理選用(yong)照(zhao)明器材,包括(kuo)光(guang)源、燈(deng)具及鎮流器,是(shi)十分重要的因素(su)。其中,光(guang)源是(shi)第一要素(su)。以應(ying)用(yong)最廣(guang)泛的直管熒光(guang)燈(deng)為(wei)例。如果(guo)選用(yong)高效的T8三基色(se)熒光(guang)燈(deng)(36W)和(he)T8鹵粉(fen)熒光(guang)燈(deng)相比,同為(wei)冷色(se)溫(wen)時,前(qian)者(zhe)可(ke)提高光(guang)效30%;相同照(zhao)度時,前(qian)者(zhe)的安裝功率(lv)(lv)降低23%(當然,如果(guo)T8三基色(se)熒光(guang)燈(deng)管和(he)過去的T12鹵粉(fen)燈(deng)管相比,可(ke)降低約32%)。