一、量筒的精確值是多少
量筒的精確度(du)是mL,毫升。
量筒規格(ge)以所能量度(du)的最大(da)容量(mL)表(biao)示(shi),常用的有10mL、25mL、50mL、100mL、250mL、500mL、1000mL等。外壁刻度(du)都是以mL為單(dan)位,10mL量筒每(mei)小格(ge)表(biao)示(shi)0.2mL,而50mL量筒每(mei)小格(ge)表(biao)示(shi)1mL。
可見量筒越(yue)(yue)(yue)大,管徑越(yue)(yue)(yue)粗,其精確度越(yue)(yue)(yue)小(xiao),由視線的(de)偏(pian)差所造(zao)成的(de)讀數(shu)誤(wu)差也越(yue)(yue)(yue)大。所以,實(shi)驗(yan)中應根據所取(qu)(qu)溶液的(de)體積,盡量(liang)(liang)選用能一次量(liang)(liang)取(qu)(qu)的(de)最小(xiao)規格的(de)量(liang)(liang)筒(tong)(tong)。分次量(liang)(liang)取(qu)(qu)也能引起誤(wu)差。如量(liang)(liang)取(qu)(qu)70ml液體,應選用100mL量(liang)(liang)筒(tong)(tong)。
二、量筒讀數保留幾位小數
量筒讀數可以(yi)保留到小數點(dian)后(hou)一位到兩(liang)位,具體精度(du)取(qu)決于(yu)量筒的精度(du)等級和(he)測量要(yao)求。
在實驗室中,常用的(de)量筒(tong)有(you)(you)100毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、250毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、500毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、1000毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)等(deng)規格,其精度等(deng)級(ji)一般為(wei)零點(dian)(dian)一毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)或零點(dian)(dian)二(er)(er)毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。對于精度等(deng)級(ji)為(wei)零點(dian)(dian)一毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)量筒(tong),其讀(du)(du)數可以保留(liu)到小數點(dian)(dian)后一位,即1位有(you)(you)效(xiao)數字(zi);對于精度等(deng)級(ji)為(wei)零點(dian)(dian)二(er)(er)毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)量筒(tong),其讀(du)(du)數可以保留(liu)到小數點(dian)(dian)后兩位,即2位有(you)(you)效(xiao)數字(zi)。
在實際測量時,為(wei)了減小(xiao)(xiao)誤差,一般(ban)采用估(gu)讀(du)到最(zui)小(xiao)(xiao)分度(du)(du)的一半,即零(ling)(ling)點(dian)零(ling)(ling)五毫(hao)升。具體做(zuo)法(fa)是,先讀(du)取刻度(du)(du)線上的整(zheng)數部(bu)分,再讀(du)取小(xiao)(xiao)數部(bu)分,根據最(zui)小(xiao)(xiao)分度(du)(du)值(zhi)確(que)定估(gu)讀(du)位數。例如,對于一個精度(du)(du)等級為(wei)零(ling)(ling)點(dian)一毫(hao)升的量筒(tong),當液面(mian)在20和21之(zhi)間時,可以估(gu)讀(du)為(wei)二十點(dian)五毫(hao)升;當液面(mian)在50和51之(zhi)間時,可以估(gu)讀(du)為(wei)五十點(dian)五毫(hao)升。
不(bu)同(tong)規(gui)格的(de)量(liang)筒(tong)(tong)其最小分度(du)值(zhi)和估讀(du)位數(shu)也可能不(bu)同(tong)。因此,在使(shi)用(yong)量(liang)筒(tong)(tong)進行測量(liang)時(shi)(shi),應根據(ju)具體情況選擇(ze)合(he)適的(de)量(liang)筒(tong)(tong)和估讀(du)位數(shu),以確(que)保實(shi)驗結果(guo)的(de)準確(que)性。同(tong)時(shi)(shi),為了減小誤差,還需要(yao)(yao)注意(yi)以下幾點:使(shi)用(yong)前應清洗干(gan)凈(jing)并(bing)烘干(gan);測量(liang)時(shi)(shi)應將量(liang)筒(tong)(tong)放置在水平桌面(mian)上(shang);讀(du)取時(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)保持視線與液面(mian)垂(chui)直;使(shi)用(yong)完畢(bi)后應及時(shi)(shi)清洗干(gan)凈(jing)并(bing)妥善保存。