消防應急燈廣泛用于公共場所的走廊、消防通道內。現在各廠礦企業、大型超市、醫院學校等都安裝了這種應急燈。市場上眾多的消防應急燈具是由消防公安及安監部門監制的產品．品種繁多，但功能基本一致。當市電停電時，消防應急燈自動點亮，來電時自動熄滅。消防應急燈作為一種備用照明設備，在燈具內裝有停電時提供電源的蓄電池G(或稱電瓶)。由于應急燈長時間與市電并聯在一起工作，所以容易出現故障。

消防應急燈電路原理

應(ying)急(ji)燈當(dang)有市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)．通過變壓(ya)(ya)器B降(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)、整流、濾波．此時(shi)6V的直(zhi)流繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)吸合，常開(kai)觸點(dian)(dian)閉合，使整流后的直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)通過R1降(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，LED作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源指示(shi)燈。當(dang)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，6V的繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器失電(dian)(dian)(dian)．常開(kai)點(dian)(dian)斷開(kai)，接通常閉點(dian)(dian)，應(ying)急(ji)燈泡ZD接到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)端．得電(dian)(dian)(dian)發光起到(dao)應(ying)急(ji)照明作(zuo)用。市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)恢復時(shi)．回復到(dao)上(shang)述過程。

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消防應急燈常見故障原因

(1)電瓶長期充電，電液干枯，過早損壞。(2)變壓器長期通電過熱燒壞。(3)最常見的是繼電器線圈長期通電燒壞或其接點燒蝕。這種燈較簡易價(jia)格低．然而故障(zhang)也出(chu)現得多。

消防應急燈常見故障及維修

由于電瓶(ping)長期充(chong)電。又無充(chong)滿(man)保(bao)護電路．故最容(rong)易壞(huai)，其次(ci)是(shi)變壓器，再(zai)就是(shi)驅動三極管Q2(或Q3)，如果燈(deng)泡長期被(bei)點亮。管于發(fa)熱，也容(rong)易損(sun)壞(huai)。一般更換這幾個元(yuan)件便能正(zheng)常工作(zuo)。

當市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正常供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時。通過(guo)變壓(ya)(ya)器降壓(ya)(ya)、整流(liu)、濾波，在C1上(shang)得到大(da)約13V的(de)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)經R3、Q1、D6給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。Q1的(de)基(ji)極(ji)(ji)接有(you)穩壓(ya)(ya)二極(ji)(ji)管(guan)DZ1，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R4既是Q1基(ji)極(ji)(ji)的(de)偏(pian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，又是穩壓(ya)(ya)管(guan)的(de)限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，使Q1基(ji)極(ji)(ji)約為(wei)8.9V，這樣充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)受到限(xian)制，最高為(wei)7.6V．可保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。其充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)隨著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)而(er)(er)變化，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)越(yue)低充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)越(yue)大(da)，反之越(yue)小。在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)，Q2飽和導(dao)通，Q3由于D7、R10的(de)作用而(er)(er)截止(zhi)，Q4也截止(zhi)，所以照明(ming)燈(deng)ZD1、ZD2不亮。

當(dang)220v交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)因故停電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)B1次(ci)級無輸出電(dian)(dian)．電(dian)(dian)路中直流(liu)13V電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)消失，D7正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)無電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，由于Q2在(zai)停電(dian)(dian)前處于飽和導(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)狀(zhuang)態，所以(yi)Q3立即(ji)導(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)，Q4基極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)升(sheng)高，Q4也(ye)隨之導(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)，照(zhao)明(ming)燈DZ1、DZ2被(bei)點(dian)亮。Q4導(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)后(hou)其集電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)為低電(dian)(dian)位(wei)，由于R1跨接在(zai)Q4集電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)與Q3基極(ji)(ji)之間，Q3基極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)下降(jiang)，維持Q3的導(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)狀(zhuang)態，照(zhao)明(ming)燈一直被(bei)點(dian)亮。紅(hong)色LED作為充電(dian)(dian)指示燈，綠(lv)色LED作為主電(dian)(dian)源指示燈。紅(hong)燈亮表示電(dian)(dian)瓶正(zheng)在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)，綠(lv)燈亮表示有交流(liu)220V電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。0N／OFF為照(zhao)明(ming)燈的開關按(an)鈕(niu)，220V交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源停電(dian)(dian)時(shi)．可以(yi)通(tong)(tong)過此按(an)鈕(niu)打開或(huo)關閉(bi)照(zhao)明(ming)燈。

當應急燈出故障(zhang)時(shi)．可(ke)先觀察兩(liang)指示燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)工作(zuo)狀態。交流220V供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正(zheng)常時(shi)．綠(lv)(lv)色指示燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)應(ying)亮，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)紅色指示燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)也應(ying)亮。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)綠(lv)(lv)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)不(bu)亮，則(ze)應(ying)檢查變壓(ya)器(qi)次級(ji)是否(fou)有(you)9V交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)C1兩(liang)端應(ying)有(you)13V左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)的(de)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)兩(liang)處都沒有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。一般是變壓(ya)器(qi)B1損壞。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(綠(lv)(lv)色)指示燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)亮，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(紅色)指示燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)不(bu)亮，可(ke)測(ce)(ce)Q1發射極有(you)無7V左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，如(ru)無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，則(ze)應(ying)檢查Q1之前的(de)相應(ying)元(yuan)件。檢修中，可(ke)斷開(kai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)正(zheng)極，測(ce)(ce)量(liang)應(ying)急燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)開(kai)路充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)與通路充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，正(zheng)常時(shi)應(ying)為7V左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流約為450mA。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)過高，則(ze)應(ying)查Q1是否(fou)擊穿短路，DZ1、R14是否(fou)開(kai)路，過高的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，將造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)過充(chong)(chong)損壞。

交流(liu)220V停電(dian)時．照明燈ZD1、ZD2不亮．首先查燈泡是否(fou)損壞．再檢查三極管Q2、Q3、Q4及相關元件(jian)是否(fou)損壞；電(dian)瓶老化等。