一、白熾燈應急照明線路

白熾燈應急照明(ming)線路如圖1-1-1所示。當市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網正常(chang)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，220V的交流(liu)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)經電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容C1壓(ya)，再經二(er)極(ji)管VD1的半(ban)整流(liu)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容C2的濾波后，以約(yue)90mA的脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。與此同(tong)時，因為(wei)晶體(ti)管VT1基(ji)極(ji)加上(shang)正偏(pian)壓(ya)而處(chu)于導(dao)通狀態，使VT2處(chu)于截止(zhi)狀態，燈泡EL不亮。一旦市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，晶體(ti)管VT1由(you)導(dao)通變成截止(zhi)，VT2由(you)截止(zhi)變成導(dao)通，燈泡點(dian)亮。二(er)極(ji)管VD2的作用(yong)是隔離電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池和(he)VT1的基(ji)極(ji)，保證市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一停，VT1轉(zhuan)向截止(zhi)。市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)恢(hui)復(fu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，VT1導(dao)通，EL熄滅，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路復(fu)位。

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圖1-1-1中的EL為6.3V、0.15A的小燈泡，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)可用4節1號電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，也可用6V蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。

二、熒光燈應急照明線路

熒(ying)光(guang)燈應急照明線路(lu)如圖1-1-2所示。晶體管VT與變壓器T的(de)(de)一次繞組(zu)構成電感三點(dian)式振蕩器，將蓄電池的(de)(de)交流電壓經變壓器的(de)(de)升壓作(zuo)用(yong)，在L3上(shang)得到較高的(de)(de)交流電壓，從(cong)而點(dian)亮8W熒(ying)光(guang)燈，作(zuo)為應急燈使用(yong)。

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電(dian)阻(zu)R為晶體管VT的基(ji)極偏置電(dian)阻(zu)，適當調整它可改變(bian)逆變(bian)輸(shu)出功率。

制作時，變壓器(qi)的(de)磁芯可(ke)用電視機的(de)行輸出變壓器(qi)的(de)磁芯，L1用Φ0.35mm漆(qi)包線(xian)(xian)繞40圈，L2用Φ0.35mm漆(qi)包線(xian)(xian)繞40圈，L3用Φ0.16mm漆(qi)包線(xian)(xian)繞300圈。晶體管VT選(xuan)用3DD15A，電阻(zu)阻(zu)值(zhi)為1kΩ左右，功率為1/8W。

三、消防應急燈線路

消(xiao)防應急燈線(xian)路如圖1-1-3所示。該線(xian)路被廣泛安(an)裝(zhuang)于公共場所的(de)走廊、消(xiao)防通道內，屬于消(xiao)防專(zhuan)用設備。其(qi)工作原理如下(xia)。

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1、燈光控(kong)制(zhi)電路：由(you)VT3、VT4、VT5、VT7和按鈕SB2、SB3構(gou)成(cheng)燈光控(kong)制(zhi)電路。在無市電時，按一(yi)下按鈕SB2（開），VT5飽和導(dao)(dao)(dao)通(tong)，VT5的集電極(ji)電流通(tong)過R12使VT7維持導(dao)(dao)(dao)通(tong)；VD11反(fan)向(xiang)擊穿工(gong)作在穩壓狀態(tai)；VT5的集電極(ji)電壓給VT3、VT4提(ti)供偏(pian)置(zhi)電壓使其(qi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)通(tong)，EL1、EL2點(dian)亮。當按一(yi)下按鈕SB3（關）時，VT7截止，VT5不(bu)具備(bei)導(dao)(dao)(dao)通(tong)條件，燈熄滅。

當(dang)有(you)市電供電時，外接電源經(jing)VD9使VD7反向截止．VT5無法導通(tong)，按鈕SB2和(he)(he)SB3都(dou)不能(neng)控制燈(deng)EL1、EL2的開和(he)(he)關(guan)。

停電(dian)后二極管飽(bao)和導(dao)通，構成(cheng)點燈(deng)電(dian)路條件(jian)，EL1、EL2點亮；來電(dian)后VD7負極電(dian)位變高(gao)又反向截(jie)止，VT5截(jie)止，燈(deng)滅（起到(dao)自動(dong)控制的作(zuo)用）。點燈(deng)控制電(dian)路中VD7、VT7通過R6工作(zuo)在臨界狀態，按鈕(niu)SB2、SB3只起到(dao)觸發(fa)作(zuo)用。

2、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路：外接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源VT2、VT6、R8、VD10對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)恒流充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當(dang)有外接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流經R8、VD10向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，且使充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)指示燈VL3點(dian)亮。

3、電(dian)源電(dian)路：220V交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)壓(ya)經(jing)變壓(ya)器變壓(ya)、整流(liu)(liu)濾(lv)波，由(you)VT1集電(dian)極輸出4.6V直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)壓(ya)，主(zhu)要(yao)提供給電(dian)路供電(dian)源充電(dian)，并經(jing)R9使VL1發光指示。

4、驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)路(lu)：當(dang)按住(zhu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)按鈕(niu)(niu)SB1不放(fang)時(shi)，VT1截止。VD7負(fu)載電(dian)位變(bian)低而正偏導(dao)通，使VD5導(dao)通，滿足(zu)點燈條(tiao)件(jian)，VL1、VL2點亮；松(song)開按鈕(niu)(niu)SB1燈隨即熄滅。試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)路(lu)的(de)作用是測試(shi)點燈電(dian)路(lu)是否正常。

5、 障(zhang)(zhang)顯示電路(lu)：由VD13、VT8、R17和VD11組成故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)顯示電路(lu)，如果(guo)外接(jie)電源電壓(ya)過高使VT8導通(tong)，VL2點亮，指示過電壓(ya)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)。

四、消防應急燈接線方式

消防應急燈(deng)具線路的(de)(de)鋪設(she)按(an)規定應設(she)置專用線路，不應該(gai)與常用的(de)(de)照明線路共用一條(tiao)電源線，并且在專用的(de)(de)線路中間不應設(she)置開(kai)關。

二線制和三線制型的消防(fang)(fang)應(ying)急燈具可統(tong)一使用(yong)(yong)(yong)一條專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的消防(fang)(fang)應(ying)急專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電源(yuan)線。消防(fang)(fang)應(ying)急燈具專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電源(yuan)的設(she)置應(ying)和相(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)的防(fang)(fang)火規范(fan)相(xiang)(xiang)結合。

消防應急電(dian)源與燈具(ju)分開放置的(de)，其電(dian)氣(qi)連接應采用(yong)耐高溫的(de)電(dian)源線，以(yi)滿足(zu)防火要求(qiu)，提高防護等(deng)級。

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二線制

二線(xian)制的消(xiao)防(fang)應急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)接(jie)線(xian)方式是專用(yong)(yong)消(xiao)防(fang)應急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)常用(yong)(yong)接(jie)法，適(shi)用(yong)(yong)在應急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)平時不作照(zhao)明(ming)使用(yong)(yong)，或24小時持續照(zhao)明(ming)使用(yong)(yong)。（CED標志(zhi)燈(deng)(deng)就屬(shu)于此種類）消(xiao)防(fang)應急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)在遇到突(tu)發性的停電后，應急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)會自(zi)動(dong)點亮，提(ti)供(gong)照(zhao)明(ming)光源；

三線制

三線制的(de)(de)消防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈具(ju)接(jie)線方(fang)式為(wei)較(jiao)常用的(de)(de)應(ying)急(ji)燈接(jie)線方(fang)法，可對應(ying)急(ji)燈具(ju)平時(shi)照(zhao)明狀態的(de)(de)開或(huo)關進行人(ren)為(wei)的(de)(de)控制，當遇到(dao)供電電源突然(ran)停(ting)電的(de)(de)情況下，不論設置的(de)(de)開關處于何(he)種狀態，應(ying)急(ji)燈都會立(li)即點亮應(ying)急(ji)，提供光源，維持(chi)照(zhao)明。