一、電流表和電壓表有什么區別
電(dian)(dian)(dian)流表和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓表都是電(dian)(dian)(dian)力領域應用的測(ce)量儀(yi)表,一(yi)個用來(lai)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流,一(yi)個用來(lai)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,兩(liang)種儀(yi)表之間的區(qu)別(bie)主要有:
1、連接方式
電流表通(tong)常需要與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路串聯使用,而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓表(biao)(biao)則需要與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路并聯。這(zhe)是(shi)因為電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)表(biao)(biao)用于測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)(zhong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大小,而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓表(biao)(biao)用于測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)(zhong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢(shi)差(cha))。串聯意味著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)表(biao)(biao)位于被測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的路徑(jing)中(zhong)(zhong),而(er)并聯則意味著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓表(biao)(biao)位于電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的兩端(duan),以測(ce)量兩點之間的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓差(cha)。
2、測量對象
電(dian)(dian)流表用(yong)于測量電(dian)(dian)流的(de)大(da)小,而電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)表用(yong)于測量電(dian)(dian)勢(shi)差的(de)大(da)小。這意味著電(dian)(dian)流表關注(zhu)的(de)是(shi)通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)路的(de)電(dian)(dian)流強(qiang)度,而電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)表關注(zhu)的(de)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)路中兩(liang)點之間的(de)電(dian)(dian)勢(shi)差。
3、量程和內阻
電(dian)(dian)流(liu)表的(de)量(liang)程(cheng)通常(chang)顯示(shi)為(wei)0~0.6A或0~3A,而電(dian)(dian)壓表的(de)量(liang)程(cheng)通常(chang)顯示(shi)為(wei)0~3V和0~6V。電(dian)(dian)流(liu)表的(de)內阻(zu)應該很小(xiao),以便不影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)路中的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu),而電(dian)(dian)壓表的(de)內阻(zu)應該很大,以避免分流(liu)過(guo)多影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)路的(de)正(zheng)常(chang)工作。
二、電流表怎么改成電壓表
電(dian)流表和電(dian)壓表是不同的(de)儀表,不過為了滿足測(ce)量的(de)要(yao)求,有時(shi)候可以(yi)將電(dian)流表改(gai)裝成電(dian)壓表,具體的(de)方法(fa)步驟如下(xia):
1、計算串聯電(dian)阻(zu)的(de)阻(zu)值。利用歐姆(mu)定(ding)律,將(jiang)表頭的(de)滿偏(pian)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)除(chu)以串聯電(dian)阻(zu)的(de)阻(zu)值,得到分壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)阻(zu)的(de)阻(zu)值。
2、調整電流表刻度盤。原來的電流表刻(ke)度盤的(de)每一刻(ke)度數(shu)值需要擴大(da)為原來的(de)(Rg+R)倍,即(ji)得到改裝后(hou)電壓表的(de)表盤。
如果(guo)想要改裝的電壓表量(liang)(liang)程(cheng)為(wei)U,則(ze)串聯的電阻(zu)R為(wei):R=U/Ig-rg,其中Ig是(shi)(shi)表頭的滿偏(pian)電流,rg是(shi)(shi)表頭的內阻(zu)。這樣(yang),電流表就被(bei)改裝成了電壓表,可以測量(liang)(liang)更大(da)的電壓值(zhi)。