壽山石是玉石嗎
壽山(shan)石以地(di)名(ming)命名(ming),雕起源(yuan)于(yu)(yu)南朝(chao),在唐宋時興起,元(yuan)明(ming)時成熟(shu),盛于(yu)(yu)清朝(chao),在當代(dai)又得到了(le)復興。壽山石(shi)是玉石(shi),因為(wei)壽山石(shi)的主要礦物組成為(wei)高嶺石(shi)族礦物,屬于天然(ran)多晶質寶石(shi)。
壽山石的寓意和象征
壽(shou)山(shan)(shan)石寓意(yi)(yi)著長壽(shou)如山(shan)(shan),人們比德(de)于石,象征著堅貞不變的(de)品德(de);壽(shou)山(shan)(shan)石寓意(yi)(yi)著愛(ai)意(yi)(yi),每種壽(shou)山(shan)(shan)石都有其(qi)獨(du)特的(de)特征,象征著愿(yuan)意(yi)(yi)為了(le)所(suo)愛(ai)之(zhi)人付出一(yi)切(qie);壽(shou)山(shan)(shan)石寓意(yi)(yi)著堅強,它用漫長的(de)時間來修行,象征著永不言敗的(de)精神。
壽山石的種類
壽山(shan)石(shi)在(zai)寶石(shi)和彩(cai)(cai)石(shi)學中,是(shi)屬于(yu)彩(cai)(cai)石(shi)大類(lei)的巖石(shi)亞類(lei),它的種屬,石(shi)名都很復雜(za),約(yue)有(you)一(yi)百多個品(pin)種。按(an)傳統習(xi)慣壽山(shan)石(shi)的總目一(yi)般(ban)可主要分為“田(tian)坑”、“水坑”和“山(shan)坑”三大類(lei)。因為產于(yu)田(tian)底,又多現黃色(se),故稱為田(tian)坑石(shi)或田(tian)黃。
壽(shou)山(shan)田(tian)黃凍(dong)石:田(tian)黃凍(dong)石是壽(shou)山(shan)田(tian)黃石中的珍品,田(tian)黃凍(dong)石通體明透,似凝(ning)固的蜂(feng)蜜,潤(run)澤無(wu)比(bi)。
桃花凍石(shi):質微透明(ming),色(se)多白、黃,中帶(dai)細密(mi)的(de)紅點,深淺大小不一,疏(shu)密(mi)有致,聚(ju)散有情,濃淡(dan)掩(yan)映,點點分明(ming),光(guang)彩(cai)奪目,嬌艷(yan)欲流,似三月(yue)桃花散落水上,凝而視之,似動(dong)非動(dong),如花飄靜(jing)水。
芙(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)凍石(shi):芙(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)凍石(shi)凝結脂潤、細(xi)膩純凈,按照凍石(shi)質地主要有:白(bai)芙(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)石(shi)、黃芙(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)石(shi)、五彩芙(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)石(shi)、紅芙(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)石(shi)、青芙(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)石(shi)、綠芙(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)石(shi)、竹頭窩芙(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)石(shi)、瓷白(bai)芙(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)等,產地主要是將軍洞、上洞、天面洞、半(ban)山芙(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)石(shi)等。
荔(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)凍(dong)石(shi)(shi)(shi):荔(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)凍(dong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)的石(shi)(shi)(shi)性凝(ning)結(jie),透明度強,晶瑩(ying)透澈,紅、黃(huang)、白、黑等(deng)各色俱有,艷麗無(wu)比,肌里有粗(cu)蘿卜絲紋,有些原石(shi)(shi)(shi)還有黃(huang)色皮。荔(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)凍(dong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)為(wei)老性荔(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)、新性荔(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)凍(dong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、紅荔(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)、黃(huang)荔(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)、紅黃(huang)荔(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)、純白荔(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)。
牛角(jiao)凍(dong)石(shi):牛角(jiao)凍(dong)石(shi)也是(shi)壽(shou)山石(shi)的一種,因色(se)(se)(se)(se)澤(ze)似(si)牛角(jiao)而得名(ming)。牛角(jiao)凍(dong)石(shi)質地(di)通靈(ling),肌理隱存水(shui)流紋(wen)(wen),紋(wen)(wen)色(se)(se)(se)(se)濃(nong)淡交錯,黑中(zhong)帶赭(zhe),色(se)(se)(se)(se)如黑牛角(jiao),肌理隱含灰色(se)(se)(se)(se)或灰黑色(se)(se)(se)(se)的棉花紋(wen)(wen),其中(zhong)以羊脂凍(dong)最好。
魚(yu)腦(nao)(nao)凍(dong)石(shi):魚(yu)腦(nao)(nao)凍(dong)石(shi)也(ye)是(shi)壽(shou)山石(shi)的一種,魚(yu)腦(nao)(nao)凍(dong)石(shi) 石(shi)質溫潤瑩潔,半透明,肌理隱含棉花紋,產量稀(xi)少(shao),十分難得,是(shi)水坑中的珍品。
天(tian)藍凍石:天(tian)藍凍石,顏色蔚藍帶白或黃,肌理有(you)黑(hei)點和(he)棉花(hua)紋(wen),如(ru)云霞(xia)朵朵。
環(huan)凍石(shi):環(huan)凍石(shi)是(shi)因(yin)為壽山石(shi)上有(you)單(dan)環(huan)、雙環(huan)乃至多環(huan)相連,布滿石(shi)面。以環(huan)紋清(qing)晰、圓圈色灰(hui)白或深灰(hui),經油浸漬后或變淡(dan)或反(fan)增濃是(shi)好的環(huan)凍石(shi)。
水晶凍石(shi):水晶凍石(shi)是(shi)因(yin)為這種(zhong)壽(shou)山石(shi)透(tou)明度好,沒有渾濁感,如(ru)水晶一樣晶瑩剔透(tou),所以因(yin)此得(de)名(ming)。
大紅袍雞(ji)血凍(dong)(dong)石(shi):大紅袍雞(ji)血凍(dong)(dong)石(shi)的(de)紅色(se)有(you)鮮紅、大紅、淡紅、暗紅、深紅等,一般(ban)以鮮艷的(de)紅色(se)為上品(pin),凍(dong)(dong)石(shi)質地細膩、油潤(run)、微(wei)透明(ming)至(zhi)半透明(ming)為佳品(pin)。
鱔(shan)草(cao)凍石(shi):鱔(shan)草(cao)凍產于坑(keng)頭洞,質地清靈,色蟹青中略帶微黃,肌理含細(xi)點,類似鱔(shan)魚之(zhi)背脊。或色灰白,呈半透明體,內現(xian)條條粗紋,狀如(ru)水底飄蕩(dang)的草(cao)葉(xie),或寥寥數片,或滿(man)石(shi)密布。鱔(shan)草(cao)凍石(shi)石(shi)質凝膩,凈潔如(ru)玉,色光而通靈,是壽山石(shi)凍石(shi)精品品種。
豹皮(pi)凍(dong):豹皮(pi)凍(dong)是因為壽山石肌(ji)理(li)里(li)有(you)隱隱約約的豹紋(wen)而得名。