一、電源管理和電源控制的區別在哪里

電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)控(kong)制和(he)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)理之間的(de)區(qu)別，是(shi)關于數(shu)字(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)討論中(zhong)的(de)關鍵概念。使(shi)用(yong)“電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)控(kong)制”術(shu)語(yu)來強調電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供應(ying)系統內部(bu)(bu)的(de)控(kong)制功(gong)能(neng)，尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)個(ge)體內部(bu)(bu)能(neng)量流的(de)循環管(guan)理。這一定義(yi)包含了反(fan)饋回路和(he)內部(bu)(bu)管(guan)理維持功(gong)能(neng)。功(gong)率控(kong)制功(gong)能(neng)在與(yu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供應(ying)的(de)開關頻率實時監控(kong)中(zhong)起到作用(yong)。這種類型的(de)控(kong)制功(gong)能(neng)可以由(you)模擬或者數(shu)字(zi)(zi)技術(shu)實現(xian)，電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供應(ying)系統無論采用(yong)哪(na)種方式(shi)，呈現(xian)給最終用(yong)戶的(de)表現(xian)是(shi)基本一致的(de)。這就(jiu)是(shi)說，數(shu)字(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)不要求最終用(yong)戶做(zuo)任(ren)何改變(bian)和(he)新(xin)的(de)設(she)計。

相應的，“電源管理”是關于(yu)一個或(huo)多(duo)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)系(xi)統(tong)之外(wai)的(de)通(tong)(tong)訊(xun)和(he)(he)控(kong)制。包(bao)括電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)統(tong)配置，單個電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)監(jian)控(kong)，以(yi)及故障監(jian)測(ce)信(xin)息傳(chuan)送等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)管理功能(neng)不是實時的(de)，它們在(zai)一定的(de)時間范圍內起作用(yong)(yong)，要慢于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)開關頻(pin)率。目前，這些功能(neng)都(dou)趨于(yu)將(jiang)模擬(ni)和(he)(he)數字(zi)(zi)技(ji)術結合。例如，電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)器通(tong)(tong)常用(yong)(yong)于(yu)調(diao)整輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，而給每個電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)排序(xu)則需要專(zhuan)線控(kong)制。按照愛立信(xin)的(de)定義，數字(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)管理意味著這些功能(neng)全部使用(yong)(yong)數字(zi)(zi)技(ji)術。此(ci)外(wai)，簡化互連(lian)方(fang)式應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)某些類型的(de)數據通(tong)(tong)信(xin)母(mu)線結構，優于(yu)在(zai)每個電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)系(xi)統(tong)之間使用(yong)(yong)多(duo)種定制的(de)互連(lian)手(shou)段(duan)進(jin)行排序(xu)和(he)(he)偵錯。

二、電源管理有什么特點

電源管(guan)理的特點是(shi)高效能、低功耗(hao)、智能化(hua)。

提高效(xiao)能(neng)(neng)涉及(ji)兩個不(bu)同(tong)方面(mian)的(de)內容：一方面(mian)想要保(bao)持能(neng)(neng)量轉換的(de)綜合(he)效(xiao)率(lv)，同(tong)時還(huan)希(xi)望減小設備的(de)尺(chi)寸；另(ling)一方面(mian)是保(bao)護(hu)尺(chi)寸不(bu)變，大幅度(du)提高效(xiao)能(neng)(neng)。

在交流/直流（AC/DC）變換(huan)中，低(di)的通(tong)態電(dian)阻，符合計算(suan)機和(he)電(dian)信應(ying)用(yong)中更加(jia)高效適配器(qi)和(he)電(dian)源的需要(yao)(yao)。在電(dian)源電(dian)路設(she)計方面(mian)，一(yi)(yi)般待機能耗已經降到1W以下，并可(ke)將電(dian)源效率提高至90%以上。要(yao)(yao)進一(yi)(yi)步降低(di)現有待機能耗，則需要(yao)(yao)有新的IC制造(zao)工藝技術及在低(di)功耗電(dian)路設(she)計方面(mian)的突破。

越(yue)來越(yue)多的(de)系統(tong)會需(xu)要(yao)多輸(shu)出穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)。例如帶多輸(shu)出和(he)電(dian)源通路控制的(de)鋰離子(zi)充電(dian)電(dian)池，多輸(shu)出DC/DC轉換器(qi)和(he)具有(you)動態可調輸(shu)出電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)開關穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)等。

上世紀(ji)80年代，提出了電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)制造中電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)集(ji)成(cheng)概念，明確了集(ji)成(cheng)化是電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)技(ji)術未(wei)來發(fa)展的(de)(de)方向(xiang)，是解決電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)技(ji)術發(fa)展面臨障礙的(de)(de)最有(you)希望的(de)(de)出路(lu)(lu)(lu)。電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)逐(zhu)步成(cheng)為功率半(ban)導體器(qi)(qi)件中的(de)(de)主導器(qi)(qi)件，把電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)術推向(xiang)了電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)管理(li)的(de)(de)新(xin)時代。電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)管理(li)集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)分成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)調整器(qi)(qi)和接(jie)口電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)兩方面。正是因為這(zhe)么多的(de)(de)集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)（IC）進入(ru)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)領(ling)域，人們(men)才更多地以電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)管理(li)來稱呼(hu)現(xian)階段的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)術。