一、迎賓器的工作原理是什么

在酒店賓館，購物中心或商場等場所經常可以看到迎賓器，它具有自動(dong)識別的功能，每個在它面前走過的人(ren)都(dou)能通過它的自身感(gan)應檢測，然后對感(gan)應成功的人(ren)進行禮貌問候，那(nei)么(me)迎賓器原理是什么(me)呢？

迎(ying)賓器的(de)前身是電子防(fang)盜(dao)報警器，以(yi)前是防(fang)盜(dao)的(de)，后來改成比較悅耳的(de)聲音(yin)，起(qi)到醒店(dian)員有(you)人進店(dian)和迎(ying)賓的(de)兩(liang)重作(zuo)用，它(ta)的(de)原理(li)主要有(you)兩(liang)種：

1、光感應式

光(guang)感迎賓器是(shi)利用(yong)人體(ti)反射光(guang)線，光(guang)敏電(dian)阻(zu)得到足夠(gou)大變(bian)(bian)化的光(guang)線，電(dian)路產生變(bian)(bian)化電(dian)流(liu)觸發電(dian)路，從(cong)而發出語音(yin)。這(zhe)種(zhong)迎賓器的靈(ling)敏度(du)跟物體(ti)反射率和(he)環境光(guang)照(zhao)度(du)有關，黑暗情(qing)況下不能正常使用(yong)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"荊湖酒徒"提供，版權聲明反饋

2、紅外感應式

因(yin)(yin)為光(guang)感(gan)(gan)應(ying)式迎(ying)賓(bin)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)局限，因(yin)(yin)此就有(you)了紅(hong)外(wai)感(gan)(gan)應(ying)式迎(ying)賓(bin)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)發明，這(zhe)種迎(ying)賓(bin)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)理是內置紅(hong)外(wai)熱釋電傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)，在(zai)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)頂端開設了一個裝有(you)濾(lv)光(guang)鏡(jing)片的(de)(de)(de)窗口，這(zhe)個濾(lv)光(guang)片可通過光(guang)的(de)(de)(de)波長范(fan)圍為7~10--um，正好適(shi)合(he)于人(ren)體(ti)紅(hong)外(wai)輻射的(de)(de)(de)探測，而對其它(ta)波長的(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)外(wai)線由(you)濾(lv)光(guang)片予以(yi)吸收，這(zhe)樣便形成了一種專門用作(zuo)探測人(ren)體(ti)輻射的(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)外(wai)線傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)，誤報率較(jiao)低。

二、迎賓器電路原理分析

迎賓器的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)原理有(you)兩種，都是通過感應(ying)觸發(fa)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)來工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)原理基本一致。迎賓器的(de)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)由兩組放IKW20N60T大(da)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)、比(bi)較電(dian)(dian)路(lu)、B信號延時(shi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)、AB信號判別(bie)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)和語(yu)言(yan)發(fa)生電(dian)(dian)路(lu)組成：

1、方向識別原理

迎賓器電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)板頭(tou)部(bu)反(fan)方(fang)向安裝了兩個熱(re)釋電(dian)(dian)(dian)傳感(gan)(gan)(gan)器A和(he)(he)B，當(dang)有(you)人從傳感(gan)(gan)(gan)器前方(fang)由B到(dao)A經過(guo)時(shi)（進入），傳感(gan)(gan)(gan)器A產生正半(ban)(ban)周的(de)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)，而(er)(er)B產生負半(ban)(ban)周的(de)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)。只有(you)正半(ban)(ban)周信(xin)號(hao)(hao)達到(dao)一(yi)定幅(fu)度才(cai)能觸(chu)發(fa)語(yu)音發(fa)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，此時(shi)，傳感(gan)(gan)(gan)器A的(de)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)起(qi)作用(yong)，觸(chu)發(fa)后面的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，控制其(qi)發(fa)出(chu)“您好，歡迎光臨”的(de)禮貌用(yong)語(yu)。而(er)(er)當(dang)有(you)人從A到(dao)B通過(guo)時(shi)（出(chu)去(qu)），情(qing)況則(ze)和(he)(he)上述相反(fan)。傳感(gan)(gan)(gan)器A產生負半(ban)(ban)周信(xin)號(hao)(hao)，B產生正半(ban)(ban)周信(xin)號(hao)(hao)。這(zhe)時(shi)傳感(gan)(gan)(gan)器B信(xin)號(hao)(hao)起(qi)作用(yong)，觸(chu)發(fa)后面的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，控制其(qi)不發(fa)出(chu)聲音。

2、B信號延時和AB信號判別電路

這(zhe)個(ge)電路(lu)由(you)(you)IC4-3和IC4+4等(deng)元件組成(cheng)B信(xin)號延時電路(lu)。當IC3-2輸(shu)(shu)出低(di)電平(ping)時，也就是IC3-3的(de)一(yi)個(ge)輸(shu)(shu)入端(duan)為低(di)電平(ping)，IC4-4輸(shu)(shu)入端(duan)為高(gao)電平(ping)（電源(yuan)通(tong)過R20加到IC4-4輸(shu)(shu)入端(duan)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)），IC4-4輸(shu)(shu)出為低(di)電平(ping)，低(di)電平(ping)還會使IC4-3輸(shu)(shu)出高(gao)電平(ping)。當IG3-2輸(shu)(shu)出正脈>中信(xin)號時（通(tong)過B信(xin)號形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)），IC4-輸(shu)(shu)出低(di)電平(ping)，IC4—4輸(shu)(shu)入端(duan)為低(di)電平(ping)（電容兩端(duan)電壓(ya)不能(neng)突變），IG4-4輸(shu)(shu)出高(gao)電平(ping)，而這(zhe)個(ge)高(gao)電平(ping)持(chi)續時間由(you)(you)電容C13和R20決定。

由IC4-1和IC4—2組成(cheng)了(le)AB信號判別電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，當IC3—1輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)（A傳感器輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)信號產(chan)生的(de)）時，由于IC4—1輸(shu)(shu)入端(duan)并接，輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)為(wei)低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)。此時，IC3—2輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)為(wei)低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)，因此，IC4-2另一(yi)輸(shu)(shu)入端(duan)也(ye)為(wei)低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)，IC4—2輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)為(wei)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)，從而觸(chu)發(fa)后(hou)級語音發(fa)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。當IC3—2輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)為(wei)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)，而IC3-1輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)為(wei)低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)時，IC4-4輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)，而IC4-1輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)也(ye)為(wei)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)，從而使IC4-2的(de)兩個(ge)輸(shu)(shu)入端(duan)都為(wei)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)，IC4-2輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)，不(bu)觸(chu)發(fa)語音發(fa)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。在IC4-4輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)為(wei)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)期(qi)間，IC3—1輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)的(de)高(gao)(gao)低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)都不(bu)能觸(chu)發(fa)語音電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，即起(qi)到了(le)封鎖的(de)作用。其中，二極管VD和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容C14構成(cheng)前(qian)后(hou)級隔離電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，目的(de)是在語音發(fa)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)發(fa)音時，減小其對前(qian)級放(fang)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)影響(xiang)。