一、箱式變電站屬于什么設備
箱式變電站,又(you)叫預(yu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)式(shi)(shi)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所或預(yu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)式(shi)(shi)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站。是一種高(gao)壓開關設(she)備(bei)、配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變壓器(qi)和(he)(he)低壓配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置,按一定接線(xian)方(fang)案排成(cheng)一體的(de)(de)工廠預(yu)制戶內、戶外緊湊式(shi)(shi)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei),即將(jiang)變壓器(qi)降(jiang)壓、低壓配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)功能有機地組合在一起,安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在一個(ge)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)潮、防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)銹、防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)塵、防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)鼠、防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)火、防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)盜、隔熱、全封(feng)閉、可(ke)移動的(de)(de)鋼(gang)結構箱,特別(bie)適用于(yu)城網建設(she)與改造,是繼土建變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站之后崛起的(de)(de)一種嶄新的(de)(de)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站。箱式(shi)(shi)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站適用于(yu)礦山、工廠企業(ye)、油氣田和(he)(he)風力發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站,它替代了原有的(de)(de)土建配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)房,配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站,成(cheng)為新型的(de)(de)成(cheng)套變配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置。
二、箱式變電站的特點
箱(xiang)式變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)主(zhu)要由多回路高壓開關系(xi)統、鎧裝母線、變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)綜合自動(dong)化(hua)系(xi)統、通訊(xun)、遠動(dong)、計量(liang)、電(dian)(dian)容補償及直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)源等(deng)電(dian)(dian)氣單(dan)元組合而成,安裝在一(yi)個(ge)防(fang)(fang)潮、防(fang)(fang)銹、防(fang)(fang)塵、防(fang)(fang)鼠(shu)、防(fang)(fang)火、防(fang)(fang)盜、隔熱、全封閉、可移動(dong)的鋼(gang)結構(gou)箱(xiang)體內,機電(dian)(dian)一(yi)體化(hua),全封閉運行,主(zhu)要有以下(xia)特(te)點(dian):
1、技術先進安全可靠
箱(xiang)體(ti)部分(fen)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)國內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)領先技術及工(gong)藝(yi),外(wai)殼一(yi)般采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)鍍鋁鋅鋼板,框架采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)標準集裝箱(xiang)材料(liao)及制(zhi)作工(gong)藝(yi),有良(liang)好的防腐(fu)性(xing)能,保(bao)(bao)證20年不銹蝕(shi),內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)封(feng)(feng)板采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)鋁合金扣板,夾層(ceng)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)防火(huo)保(bao)(bao)溫材料(liao),箱(xiang)體(ti)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)安裝空調及除濕(shi)裝置,設備(bei)(bei)運行不受自然氣候環境及外(wai)界污染(ran)影響,可(ke)保(bao)(bao)證在(zai)-40℃~+40℃的惡劣環境下正常運行。箱(xiang)體(ti)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)一(yi)次設備(bei)(bei)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)全封(feng)(feng)閉高壓開關柜(如(ru):xgn型)、干(gan)式變壓器(qi)、干(gan)式互感器(qi)、真空斷路器(qi),彈簧操作機(ji)構、旋轉隔離開關等國內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)技術領先設備(bei)(bei),產(chan)品(pin)無(wu)裸露帶(dai)電(dian)部分(fen),為全封(feng)(feng)閉、全絕緣(yuan)結構,完全能達到零(ling)觸電(dian)事故,全站可(ke)實現(xian)無(wu)油化運行,安全性(xing)高,二次采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)微機(ji)綜合自動化系(xi)統,可(ke)實現(xian)無(wu)人值守(shou)。
2、自動化程度高
全站智(zhi)能化設計,保(bao)護系統采用變(bian)電站微機綜合自(zi)動(dong)化裝(zhuang)置,分散安裝(zhuang),可實現"四(si)遙(yao)",即遙(yao)測、遙(yao)信、遙(yao)控(kong)(kong)、遙(yao)調(diao),每個(ge)單元均具(ju)有(you)獨(du)立運行(xing)功(gong)能,繼電保(bao)護功(gong)能齊全,可對(dui)運行(xing)參數進行(xing)遠(yuan)(yuan)方設置,對(dui)箱(xiang)體(ti)內濕度、溫度進行(xing)控(kong)(kong)制和遠(yuan)(yuan)方煙霧報(bao)警,滿足無人(ren)值班的要(yao)(yao)求;根(gen)據(ju)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)還(huan)可實現圖像遠(yuan)(yuan)程(cheng)監控(kong)(kong)。
3、工廠預制化
設(she)(she)計時,只要設(she)(she)計人員根(gen)據(ju)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際要求,作(zuo)出(chu)(chu)一次主接線圖和箱(xiang)(xiang)外設(she)(she)備的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計,就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)選(xuan)擇(ze)由廠家提(ti)供的(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)規格和型號,所有(you)設(she)(she)備在工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠一次安(an)裝(zhuang)、調試(shi)合格,真(zhen)正實(shi)(shi)現(xian)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)建設(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠化(hua),縮(suo)短了(le)設(she)(she)計制(zhi)造周(zhou)期(qi);現(xian)場安(an)裝(zhuang)僅需箱(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)定位、箱(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)間電(dian)(dian)纜聯絡、出(chu)(chu)線電(dian)(dian)纜連接、保護定值校驗、傳動試(shi)驗及其它需調試(shi)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo),整(zheng)個變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)從安(an)裝(zhuang)到投運(yun)大約只需5~8天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)時間,大大縮(suo)短了(le)建設(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)。
4、組合方式靈活
箱(xiang)(xiang)式變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站由于結構(gou)比較緊(jin)湊(cou),每個(ge)箱(xiang)(xiang)均構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)一個(ge)獨立系統(tong),這就使得(de)組合方式靈活多(duo)變(bian),一方面,我們可(ke)以(yi)全部采用(yong)(yong)箱(xiang)(xiang)式,也(ye)就是說,35kv及10kv設備全部箱(xiang)(xiang)內安(an)裝,組成(cheng)(cheng)全箱(xiang)(xiang)式變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站;也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)僅用(yong)(yong)10kv開(kai)關(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang),35kv設備室外安(an)裝,10kv設備及控保系統(tong)箱(xiang)(xiang)內安(an)裝,對(dui)于這種組合方式,特別適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于農網(wang)改(gai)造中的舊(jiu)站改(gai)造,即原(yuan)有35kv設備不動,僅安(an)裝一個(ge)10kv開(kai)關(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)即可(ke)達到無(wu)人值守的要求。總之,箱(xiang)(xiang)式變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站沒有固定的組合模(mo)式,使用(yong)(yong)單(dan)位可(ke)根據實際情況自由組合一些模(mo)式,以(yi)滿足安(an)全運行的需要。
5、投資省見效快
箱式變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)較(jiao)同規模(mo)常規變(bian)電(dian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)減少(shao)投資40%~50%,以(yi)35kv單主變(bian)4000kva規模(mo)變(bian)電(dian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)計(ji)(ji)算,土建工程(包括征地費用)箱式變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)要比常規變(bian)電(dian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)節(jie)約100余(yu)(yu)萬元;若(ruo)從竣工投產角(jiao)度分析,保守估計(ji)(ji)按每站(zhan)提前4個(ge)月投運(yun)(yun)計(ji)(ji)算,若(ruo)平均負荷2000kw,售電(dian)利(li)(li)潤(run)0.10元/kw.h,三個(ge)月可增加凈(jing)利(li)(li)潤(run)60余(yu)(yu)萬元;從運(yun)(yun)行(xing)角(jiao)度分析,在箱式變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)中,由于先進設(she)(she)備的選用,特別是無油設(she)(she)備運(yun)(yun)行(xing),從根(gen)本(ben)上徹底解決了常規變(bian)電(dian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)中的設(she)(she)備滲漏問題,變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)可實行(xing)狀態檢修,減少(shao)維護(hu)工作量,每年可節(jie)約運(yun)(yun)行(xing)維護(hu)費用10萬元左右,整體經濟(ji)效益十分可觀(guan)。
6、占地面積小
以4000kva單(dan)主變(bian)規(gui)模變(bian)電(dian)所(suo)為例,建(jian)設一座(zuo)常規(gui)35kv變(bian)電(dian)所(suo),大(da)(da)約需(xu)占地(di)(di)(di)3000m左右,而(er)且需(xu)要進(jin)行大(da)(da)規(gui)模的(de)土建(jian)工(gong)程;而(er)選用箱(xiang)式變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan),主變(bian)箱(xiang)和開關箱(xiang)兩(liang)箱(xiang)體占地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積最小(xiao)可至100m,包括(kuo)35kv其他設備總占地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積最大(da)(da)為300m,僅為同規(gui)模變(bian)電(dian)所(suo)占地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積的(de)1/10,可充分(fen)利用街心(xin)、廣場及工(gong)廠角隅即可安裝投(tou)產,符(fu)合國家節約土地(di)(di)(di)的(de)政(zheng)策。
7、外形美觀
箱體外(wai)殼(ke)采用鍍鋁鋅(xin)鋼板及集裝箱制造技術,外(wai)形設計(ji)美觀(guan),在(zai)保證(zheng)供電可(ke)靠性前(qian)提下,通(tong)過選(xuan)擇箱式變(bian)(bian)電站的外(wai)殼(ke)顏(yan)色,從而極易(yi)與周圍環(huan)境協調一致,特(te)別適用于城(cheng)市建設,如:城(cheng)市居民住(zhu)宅小區(qu)(qu)、車站、港口、機場、公園、綠化帶等人口密集地區(qu)(qu),它既可(ke)作(zuo)為固定式變(bian)(bian)電所,也可(ke)作(zuo)為移動式變(bian)(bian)電所,具有點綴(zhui)和美化環(huan)境的作(zuo)用。
箱式變電站外(wai)殼(ke)采用(yong)鋼板(ban)或者合(he)金板(ban),配有雙層頂蓋,隔熱性好。外(wai)殼(ke)及(ji)(ji)骨架全部經過防腐處理,具(ju)有長期(qi)戶(hu)外(wai)使用(yong)的條件。外(wai)形及(ji)(ji)色(se)彩可(ke)與環境(jing)相互協調(diao)一致。安裝方便,在箱式(shi)(shi)變電站的基礎下面設(she)有電纜室(shi),而在低壓室(shi)內(nei)設(she)有人孔可(ke)進入電纜室(shi)進行工作。從(cong)體(ti)積(ji)上(shang)看,歐(ou)式(shi)(shi)箱變由于(yu)內(nei)部安裝常規(gui)開關柜及(ji)(ji)變壓器,產品體(ti)積(ji)較(jiao)大。美(mei)式(shi)(shi)箱變由于(yu)采用(yong)一體(ti)化安裝體(ti)積(ji)較(jiao)小。
歐式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)采(cai)用(yong)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)加(jia)限(xian)流(liu)熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)器保(bao)護(hu)。發生(sheng)一相(xiang)熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)器熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)時(shi),用(yong)熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)器的撞(zhuang)針使(shi)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)三(san)相(xiang)同時(shi)分(fen)(fen)閘,避(bi)免缺相(xiang)運行,要求負(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)具有切(qie)斷(duan)(duan)轉移電流(liu)能力,低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)采(cai)用(yong)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)加(jia)限(xian)流(liu)熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)器保(bao)護(hu)。美(mei)式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)采(cai)用(yong)熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)器保(bao)護(hu),而(er)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)只起投切(qie)轉換和切(qie)斷(duan)(duan)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)電流(liu)的功(gong)能,容量較小。當高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)出現(xian)一相(xiang)熔(rong)(rong)絲熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan),低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)的電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)就(jiu)降(jiang)低,塑殼(ke)自動(dong)空(kong)氣開(kai)(kai)關(guan)欠電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)護(hu)或(huo)過電流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)就(jiu)會動(dong)作(zuo),低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)運行不會發生(sheng)。從產(chan)(chan)品成本(ben)看,歐式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)成本(ben)高(gao)(gao)。從產(chan)(chan)品降(jiang)價(jia)空(kong)間(jian)看,美(mei)式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)還存在較大降(jiang)價(jia)空(kong)間(jian),一方面美(mei)式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)三(san)相(xiang)五柱鐵(tie)心(xin)可改為三(san)相(xiang)三(san)柱鐵(tie)心(xin),另一方面,美(mei)式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)的高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)可以改型(xing)后從變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器油(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)內挪到油(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)外,占用(yong)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)室空(kong)間(jian)。