一、環網柜是干什么的

環網柜是一組輸配電(dian)(dian)氣設(she)備（高(gao)壓開關設(she)備）裝(zhuang)在金(jin)屬或(huo)(huo)非金(jin)屬絕緣(yuan)柜體內(nei)或(huo)(huo)做(zuo)成拼裝(zhuang)間(jian)隔式環(huan)網供(gong)電(dian)(dian)單(dan)元(yuan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣設(she)備，其核心部(bu)分采用負荷(he)開關和(he)熔斷器，具有結構(gou)簡單(dan)、體積小、價格低、可提高(gao)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)參數和(he)性能以及供(gong)電(dian)(dian)安全等優點。它(ta)被(bei)廣泛使(shi)用于城市(shi)住(zhu)宅小區、高(gao)層建筑(zhu)、大型(xing)公(gong)共建筑(zhu)、工廠(chang)企業等負荷(he)中心的(de)配電(dian)(dian)站以及箱式變電(dian)(dian)站中。

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二、環網柜的作用

環網柜的作用(yong)是聯系環網線路(lu)(lu)，提高線路(lu)(lu)的供(gong)電(dian)可靠性，還有(you)就是保(bao)護變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)、限制短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)流，使(shi)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)免(mian)于(yu)承受突(tu)發短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)故(gu)障(zhang)電(dian)流，并在(zai)10msl以內(nei)快(kuai)速切除變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)內(nei)部(bu)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)故(gu)障(zhang)，防(fang)止有(you)內(nei)部(bu)電(dian)弧弓起的壓(ya)(ya)(ya)動升(sheng)而導致變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)損害，使(shi)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)得到更為可靠合理(li)的保(bao)護。而對(dui)于(yu)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側端部(bu)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)，合理(li)地選用(yong)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)熔(rong)絲，由高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側熔(rong)斷器(qi)(qi)切除低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側端部(bu)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)故(gu)障(zhang)，有(you)效地保(bao)護變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)。

三、環網柜的工作原理

環(huan)(huan)(huan)網是(shi)指環(huan)(huan)(huan)形(xing)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網，即供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)干線(xian)(xian)形(xing)成一(yi)個(ge)閉合(he)的(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)形(xing)，供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源向(xiang)(xiang)這(zhe)個(ge)環(huan)(huan)(huan)形(xing)干線(xian)(xian)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)干線(xian)(xian)上再一(yi)路(lu)一(yi)路(lu)地通過高(gao)壓開關(guan)向(xiang)(xiang)外配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)好處是(shi)，每一(yi)個(ge)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)支路(lu)既(ji)可以(yi)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)它的(de)左(zuo)側(ce)干線(xian)(xian)取電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，又可以(yi)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)它右側(ce)干線(xian)(xian)取電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。當左(zuo)側(ce)干線(xian)(xian)出了(le)故障，它就從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)右側(ce)干線(xian)(xian)繼(ji)(ji)續(xu)得(de)(de)到供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，而當右側(ce)干線(xian)(xian)出了(le)故障，它就從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)左(zuo)側(ce)干線(xian)(xian)繼(ji)(ji)續(xu)得(de)(de)到供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)樣(yang)一(yi)來(lai)，盡管總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源是(shi)單路(lu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)，但從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)每一(yi)個(ge)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)支路(lu)來(lai)說卻得(de)(de)到類似于雙路(lu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)實惠，從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)而提高(gao)了(le)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)可靠性(xing)。

所謂“環網柜”就是(shi)每個配(pei)電支路設一臺(tai)(tai)(tai)開(kai)關柜（出(chu)線(xian)(xian)開(kai)關柜），這臺(tai)(tai)(tai)開(kai)關柜的(de)母線(xian)(xian)同(tong)時(shi)就是(shi)環(huan)形(xing)干(gan)線(xian)(xian)的(de)一部分。就是(shi)說，環(huan)形(xing)干(gan)線(xian)(xian)是(shi)由(you)每臺(tai)(tai)(tai)出(chu)線(xian)(xian)柜的(de)母線(xian)(xian)連接起(qi)來共同(tong)組成的(de)。每臺(tai)(tai)(tai)出(chu)線(xian)(xian)柜就叫“環(huan)網(wang)柜”。實際上(shang)單獨拿出(chu)一臺(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)網(wang)柜是(shi)看(kan)不出(chu)“環(huan)網(wang)”的(de)含義的(de)。

這些環(huan)網柜的(de)額定電流(liu)(liu)都(dou)不大，因而環(huan)網柜的(de)高壓(ya)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)一(yi)(yi)般不采用(yong)結構復雜的(de)斷(duan)路器而采取結構簡單的(de)帶高壓(ya)熔斷(duan)器的(de)高壓(ya)負(fu)荷(he)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)。也就(jiu)是(shi)說，環(huan)網柜中的(de)高壓(ya)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)一(yi)(yi)般是(shi)負(fu)荷(he)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)。環(huan)網柜用(yong)負(fu)荷(he)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)操(cao)作正常電流(liu)(liu)，而用(yong)熔斷(duan)器切除短路電流(liu)(liu)，這兩者結合起來取代了斷(duan)路器。當然這只能局限在一(yi)(yi)定容量內。

這(zhe)樣的(de)開(kai)(kai)關柜(ju)也(ye)完全可以(yi)用到非(fei)環(huan)網(wang)結構的(de)配電系統中，于是隨著這(zhe)種開(kai)(kai)關柜(ju)的(de)廣泛(fan)應(ying)用，“環(huan)網(wang)柜(ju)”就跳(tiao)出了(le)環(huan)網(wang)配電的(de)范(fan)疇而泛(fan)指以(yi)負(fu)荷開(kai)(kai)關為主開(kai)(kai)關的(de)高壓開(kai)(kai)關柜(ju)了(le)。