一、經編機是做什么的
經(jing)(jing)(jing)編(bian)用(yong)一組(zu)或幾組(zu)平行排列的紗線,于經(jing)(jing)(jing)向喂入機器的所有工作針(zhen)上,同時成(cheng)(cheng)圈而形成(cheng)(cheng)針(zhen)織(zhi)(zhi)物,這種方(fang)法稱(cheng)為(wei)經(jing)(jing)(jing)編(bian),形成(cheng)(cheng)的針(zhen)織(zhi)(zhi)物稱(cheng)為(wei)經(jing)(jing)(jing)編(bian)織(zhi)(zhi)物。 以織(zhi)(zhi)物牽拉方(fang)向與針(zhen)桿平面呈 140°以上夾角為(wei)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)特點的一類經(jing)(jing)(jing)編(bian)機。常用(yong)來編(bian)織(zhi)(zhi)窗簾(lian)、臺(tai)布、床罩、毛(mao)毯(tan)、花邊飾帶(dai)、婦(fu)女(nv)內(nei)外(wai)衣、漁網、包裝袋等組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)比較復雜的經(jing)(jing)(jing)編(bian)針(zhen)織(zhi)(zhi)物。
二、經編機的主要機構及工作原理
1、主要機構
經(jing)編(bian)(bian)機(ji)主(zhu)要(yao)由編(bian)(bian)織機(ji)構、梳櫛橫移(yi)機(ji)構、送經(jing)機(ji)構、牽拉卷取機(ji)構和(he)傳(chuan)動機(ji)構組成。
2、工作原理
(1)編織機構包括針床、梳櫛(zhi)、沉降片床和(he)壓板,一般由凸輪或偏心(xin)連桿(gan)傳動(dong)。凸輪常用(yong)于(yu)速度較(jiao)低(di)、成(cheng)圈機件運動(dong)規律較(jiao)復(fu)雜的經編機中。偏心(xin)連桿(gan)由于(yu)傳動(dong)平穩,加工較(jiao)簡(jian)便,高(gao)速運轉時磨損和(he)噪(zao)音較(jiao)小,因而在高(gao)速經編機上得(de)到廣泛應用(yong)。
(2)梳櫛橫移(yi)機構(gou),使梳櫛在(zai)成(cheng)圈過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)按(an)照針織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)要(yao)求橫移(yi),將經(jing)紗墊于(yu)針上,以便織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)具有一(yi)定組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)針織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物。通(tong)常有花(hua)板(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)和凸輪式(shi)(shi)兩種。花(hua)板(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)機構(gou)通(tong)過(guo)一(yi)定外形和尺寸的(de)花(hua)板(ban)(ban)按(an)針織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)要(yao)求串聯(lian)成(cheng)花(hua)板(ban)(ban)鏈條,使梳櫛橫移(yi),適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)編織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)花(hua)紋比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)復雜的(de)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),花(hua)型變(bian)換比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)方便。在(zai)凸輪式(shi)(shi)機構(gou)中(zhong)凸輪是(shi)按(an)針織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所需梳櫛橫移(yi)規(gui)律(lv)而設(she)計的(de),傳動較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)平穩,能適(shi)應較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)編織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)速(su)度。
(3)送經(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)構(gou),把經(jing)(jing)(jing)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)上的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)紗(sha)退(tui)解下來,送入編織區。有消(xiao)極式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和積極式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兩類。消(xiao)極式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)中經(jing)(jing)(jing)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)為經(jing)(jing)(jing)紗(sha)張力(li)拉動(dong)而送出(chu)(chu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)紗(sha),不(bu)需要專(zhuan)門(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)傳動(dong)裝置(zhi)(zhi),適用(yong)于機(ji)(ji)速(su)(su)較低(di)、送經(jing)(jing)(jing)規律較為復(fu)雜的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)編機(ji)(ji)。積極式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)送經(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)采用(yong)專(zhuan)門(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)傳動(dong)裝置(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)回轉(zhuan)送出(chu)(chu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)紗(sha),又有張力(li)感(gan)應式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和線(xian)速(su)(su)度(du)感(gan)應式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)別。張力(li)感(gan)應式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)通過張力(li)桿感(gan)應經(jing)(jing)(jing)紗(sha)張力(li)的(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)來控制(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)。線(xian)速(su)(su)度(du)感(gan)應式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)通過測(ce)速(su)(su)裝置(zhi)(zhi)感(gan)應經(jing)(jing)(jing)紗(sha)運動(dong)速(su)(su)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)來控制(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)。這類機(ji)(ji)構(gou)以(yi)預(yu)定線(xian)速(su)(su)度(du)送出(chu)(chu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)紗(sha),能在高(gao)速(su)(su)運轉(zhuan)條件下穩定地工作,故(gu)在高(gao)速(su)(su)經(jing)(jing)(jing)編機(ji)(ji)上得到廣泛使(shi)用(yong)。
(4)牽拉卷取機構是(shi)以(yi)預定的速度將織(zhi)(zhi)物從(cong)編織(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)牽引出來并卷繞成布卷。