一、電動車控制器的工作原理

電動車控制器簡略地講是(shi)(shi)由周邊(bian)器(qi)(qi)件和主芯(xin)片(pian)(pian)（或單片(pian)(pian)機）組成(cheng)。周邊(bian)器(qi)(qi)件是(shi)(shi)一(yi)些(xie)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)器(qi)(qi)件，如(ru)執行(xing)、采樣等(deng)，它(ta)們是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、傳感器(qi)(qi)、橋式開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，以(yi)(yi)及輔助單片(pian)(pian)機或專(zhuan)用集成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)完(wan)成(cheng)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)程的(de)器(qi)(qi)件;單片(pian)(pian)機也稱微控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)，是(shi)(shi)在一(yi)塊集成(cheng)片(pian)(pian)上把存貯器(qi)(qi)、有變換信號語(yu)言的(de)譯碼器(qi)(qi)、鋸(ju)齒(chi)波發生器(qi)(qi)和脈寬調制(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)以(yi)(yi)及能(neng)使開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)管導通(tong)或截止(zhi)、通(tong)過(guo)方波控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)管的(de)的(de)導通(tong)時間以(yi)(yi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機轉速的(de)驅動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、輸入輸出端(duan)口等(deng)集成(cheng)在一(yi)起，而構成(cheng)的(de)計算(suan)機片(pian)(pian)。這就是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自(zi)行(xing)車的(de)智能(neng)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)。

電動(dong)車(che)的工作原理主要是依靠(kao)其控制(zhi)器來協調(diao)電機、電池等其他配件進行(xing)工作。在(zai)電動(dong)車(che)的控制(zhi)器行(xing)業，高(gao)標控制(zhi)器在(zai)市場上占有(you)率(lv)始終穩居(ju)行(xing)業第一。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車控(kong)制(zhi)器的(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)原理是(shi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)基本(ben)恒定的(de)(de)(de)條件下，采(cai)用(yong)斷續供電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)方法，改變電(dian)(dian)(dian)機供電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)平均值，來控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機速度、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)。使得電(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de) 運轉符合控(kong)制(zhi)要求，目(mu)前主要采(cai)取的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)方法是(shi) PWM脈(mo)寬調制(zhi)控(kong)制(zhi)機理（注(zhu)：在(zai)所需的(de)(de)(de)時間內，將直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)調制(zhi)成等幅不等寬的(de)(de)(de)系列電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)脈(mo)沖，以達(da)到控(kong)制(zhi)頻率、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)）。

電(dian)動車控制器是(shi)借助 PWM 電(dian)路來控制電(dian)機輸(shu)出(chu)功(gong)(gong)率的(de)(de)，實現開關(guan)調制作用(yong)的(de)(de)是(shi)高(gao)(gao)頻開關(guan)功(gong)(gong)率器件 MOS 管(guan)，用(yong)它來做執行高(gao)(gao)頻斬波斷續供(gong)電(dian)的(de)(de)開關(guan)，從而有(you)效(xiao)地解決了電(dian)機的(de)(de)速(su)度和電(dian)流的(de)(de)操控性。

該圖片由注冊用戶"天空之城"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、電動車控制器怎么接線

1、找到電源(yuan)正負極(ji)和(he)電門(men)鎖線：正極(ji)指(zhi)電源(yuan)中電位（電勢(shi)）較(jiao)高的一端(duan)；負極(ji)指(zhi)電源(yuan)中電位（電勢(shi)）較(jiao)低(di)的一端(duan)。所以(yi)(yi)(yi)我們用萬用表(biao)就可以(yi)(yi)(yi)找到正負極(ji)，先打直流檔(dang)上(shang)，看那個電位較(jiao)高較(jiao)低(di)就可以(yi)(yi)(yi)區(qu)分(fen)開來了。

2、連(lian)接電源線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和電門鎖(suo)(suo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)：粗(cu)黑線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為電瓶負(fu)極(ji)粗(cu)紅(hong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為電瓶正極(ji)在這兩根線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)旁邊有(you)根細紅(hong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，為電門鎖(suo)(suo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。正確的(de)(de)方法是找到鎖(suo)(suo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，把那兩根正負(fu)極(ji)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)直接接鎖(suo)(suo)上(shang)。接線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)時候要仔細的(de)(de)檢查(cha)一下(xia)，車體到控制(zhi)器的(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路里是否還有(you)其(qi)他(ta)的(de)(de)正極(ji)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是由鎖(suo)(suo)控制(zhi)的(de)(de)。

3、對(dui)接白色學(xue)習線：接之前(qian)先把(ba)反(fan)轉(zhuan)線拔開，如果反(fan)轉(zhuan)線已(yi)經反(fan)拔開，就把(ba)電機正轉(zhuan)后(hou)拔開學(xue)習線即可(ke)。

4、測(ce)試霍(huo)(huo)(huo)爾好(hao)壞的(de)方(fang)法：霍(huo)(huo)(huo)爾面向(xiang)自(zi)己（印章面），管(guan)腳向(xiang)下，從左到(dao)(dao)右分別為(wei)：正(zheng)極（開關霍(huo)(huo)(huo)爾4．5V到(dao)(dao)24V，線性霍(huo)(huo)(huo)爾5V）、負極、輸(shu)(shu)岀（信號），在正(zheng)極和輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)接(jie)電(dian)(dian)阻（1到(dao)(dao)10K）。在負極和輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)間(jian)接(jie)一(yi)個發光二(er)極管(guan)，用萬用表(biao)測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)壓，高電(dian)(dian)平等于電(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)壓低(di)電(dian)(dian)平約(yue)等于零。接(jie)電(dian)(dian)后用磁(ci)鐵靠(kao)近或遠離霍(huo)(huo)(huo)爾可以看到(dao)(dao)發光二(er)極管(guan)是否發光變化。如有(you)變化就(jiu)好(hao)的(de)，沒(mei)變化就(jiu)是壞的(de)。

5、接儀表(biao)線(xian)和(he)找(zhao)(zhao)出轉(zhuan)把(ba)(ba)線(xian)：一(yi)般(ban)轉(zhuan)把(ba)(ba)線(xian)是紅(hong)黑藍、剎車(che)線(xian)是棕色(se)或(huo)白色(se)黃色(se)。轉(zhuan)把(ba)(ba)線(xian)比較好(hao)找(zhao)(zhao)，在線(xian)束(shu)末端找(zhao)(zhao)3極插頭(tou)的端子，有紅(hong)色(se)、黑色(se)、藍色(se)的就(jiu)是轉(zhuan)把(ba)(ba)線(xian)；剎車(che)信號線(xian)是2極插頭(tou)，一(yi)般(ban)是有棕色(se)和(he)黃色(se)的。對著顏色(se)就(jiu)可以(yi)找(zhao)(zhao)到(dao)了，實在找(zhao)(zhao)不到(dao)可以(yi)用(yong)萬用(yong)表(biao)測量。

6、接剎車斷電線：剎車線一般是單獨一根紫色的，同時還有紫色和黑色一起的。有些電動車控制器后面有兩根剎(cha)車斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)線，只要把這兩個(ge)剎(cha)車斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)線搭在一起就會使車子出(chu)現斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)，前面的剎(cha)車把也有想(xiang)通的兩個(ge)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)線，和后面控制器的斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)線是相(xiang)通的，你只要把后面的斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)線接(jie)到前面的剎(cha)車斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)線上久可以(yi)了。

7、自學習的啟動：電路(lu)一接(jie)通(tong)會很快加速起來(lai)，啟動后一定要緩慢扭動速度控制閥，然后拔開學習線(xian)。

電車(che)上(shang)各個線什么意(yi)思(si)的確定方法:

順著電機找到電機3根(gen)相位線5根(gen)霍(huo)爾線，拆(chai)下轉(zhuan)把找到3根(gen)轉(zhuan)把線，拆(chai)掉剎(cha)把可(ke)(ke)以(yi)找到2根(gen)剎(cha)車線。拆(chai)開電瓶可(ke)(ke)以(yi)看到“+”電源(yuan)正極(ji)“-”電源(yuan)負極(ji)。總的來說(shuo)按(an)大件找，按(an)大件安裝，最容易理解(jie)最準確(que)。