自己組裝電腦配件清單
1、主板
主板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)上(shang)承載著CPU(即(ji)中央處理(li)器)、內存(cun)(隨機(ji)(ji)(ji)存(cun)取(qu)存(cun)儲器)和為(wei)擴展(zhan)卡提(ti)供的插(cha)槽(可是(shi)CPU和內存(cun)并(bing)不是(shi)集成(cheng)在主板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)上(shang),不是(shi)主板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的附件(jian)(jian)(jian),本(ben)身也屬(shu)于電(dian)(dian)腦硬件(jian)(jian)(jian))主板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),又叫主機(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(mainboard)、系統板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(systemboard)或母板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(motherboard);它(ta)安裝在機(ji)(ji)(ji)箱內,是(shi)微(wei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)最(zui)基本(ben)的也是(shi)最(zui)重要的部件(jian)(jian)(jian)之一(yi)。主板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)矩形電(dian)(dian)路板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),上(shang)面安裝了組成(cheng)計算機(ji)(ji)(ji)的主要電(dian)(dian)路系統,一(yi)般(ban)有BIOS芯(xin)片(pian)(pian)、I/O控制(zhi)芯(xin)片(pian)(pian)、鍵盤(pan)和面板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)控制(zhi)開關(guan)接(jie)口、指示燈(deng)插(cha)接(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)、擴充(chong)插(cha)槽、主板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)及插(cha)卡的直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源供電(dian)(dian)接(jie)插(cha)件(jian)(jian)(jian)等元件(jian)(jian)(jian)。
2、顯卡
顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)卡(ka)(ka)全稱顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)接口卡(ka)(ka)(Video card,Graphics card),又(you)稱為顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)適(shi)配器(Video adapter),顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)器配置卡(ka)(ka)簡稱為顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)卡(ka)(ka),是個(ge)人電腦最基本組成部(bu)分之一。顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)卡(ka)(ka)的(de)(de)用途是將(jiang)計算機(ji)系統所需(xu)要的(de)(de)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)信息進(jin)行轉換驅動,并向顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)器提供行掃描信號(hao),控制顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)器的(de)(de)正確顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi),是連接顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)器和個(ge)人電腦主(zhu)板的(de)(de)重(zhong)要元件,是“人機(ji)對話”的(de)(de)重(zhong)要設備之一。顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)卡(ka)(ka)作為電腦主(zhu)機(ji)里的(de)(de)一個(ge)重(zhong)要組成部(bu)分,承擔輸出顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)圖形的(de)(de)任(ren)務,對于從(cong)事專業圖形設計的(de)(de)人來(lai)說顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)卡(ka)(ka)非常重(zhong)要。
3、CPU
中央處理(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(英文Central Processing Unit,CPU)是一臺計(ji)算(suan)(suan)機(ji)的運算(suan)(suan)核心和(he)控(kong)制核心。CPU、內部(bu)存(cun)儲器(qi)(qi)和(he)輸入/輸出設備是電(dian)子計(ji)算(suan)(suan)機(ji)三(san)大核心部(bu)件。其功能主(zhu)要是解釋(shi)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)機(ji)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)以(yi)及處理(li)(li)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)機(ji)軟件中的數(shu)據(ju)。CPU由運算(suan)(suan)器(qi)(qi)、控(kong)制器(qi)(qi)和(he)寄存(cun)器(qi)(qi)及實現它(ta)們之間聯系的數(shu)據(ju)、控(kong)制及狀態的總線構(gou)成。差不(bu)多所有(you)的CPU的運作原(yuan)理(li)(li)可分(fen)為四個階段:提取(Fetch)、解碼(Decode)、執行(Execute)和(he)寫回(Writeback)。CPU從存(cun)儲器(qi)(qi)或(huo)高速緩(huan)沖存(cun)儲器(qi)(qi)中取出指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling),放入指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)寄存(cun)器(qi)(qi),并對指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)譯碼,并執行指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)。所謂的計(ji)算(suan)(suan)機(ji)的可編(bian)程性主(zhu)要是指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對CPU的編(bian)程。
4、內存
組裝電腦需要(yao)哪些配件?內(nei)存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)是(shi)必不可(ke)少(shao)的(de)(de)(de),內(nei)存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)是(shi)計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)中(zhong)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)件之一,它是(shi)與CPU進(jin)行(xing)(xing)溝通的(de)(de)(de)橋梁。計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)中(zhong)所有程序的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)都是(shi)在內(nei)存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)中(zhong)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de),因此內(nei)存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)性能對計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響非(fei)常大。內(nei)存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(Memory)也被(bei)稱為(wei)內(nei)存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)儲器,其(qi)作用(yong)是(shi)用(yong)于暫時存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)放CPU中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)算數據(ju),以及(ji)與硬盤等(deng)(deng)外部(bu)存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)儲器交換的(de)(de)(de)數據(ju)。只要(yao)計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)在運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)中(zhong),CPU就會把需要(yao)運(yun)(yun)(yun)算的(de)(de)(de)數據(ju)調到(dao)內(nei)存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)中(zhong)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)運(yun)(yun)(yun)算,當運(yun)(yun)(yun)算完成(cheng)后CPU再將結果傳送出(chu)來,內(nei)存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)也決定了計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)穩定運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)。內(nei)存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)是(shi)由(you)內(nei)存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)芯片(pian)、電路板、金手(shou)指等(deng)(deng)部(bu)分組成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)。
5、硬盤
硬(ying)盤(港臺稱(cheng)之為硬(ying)碟,英(ying)文(wen)名:Hard Disc Drive簡稱(cheng)HDD全名溫徹斯特式硬(ying)盤)是(shi)電腦(nao)主要的存儲(chu)媒介(jie)之一,由一個(ge)或(huo)者(zhe)多(duo)個(ge)鋁制(zhi)或(huo)者(zhe)玻璃制(zhi)的碟片組(zu)成。這些碟片外覆蓋有鐵磁性(xing)材料(liao)。絕大多(duo)數硬(ying)盤都是(shi)固定硬(ying)盤,被永久性(xing)地密封固定在硬(ying)盤驅動器中。
6、機箱
機(ji)箱(xiang)作為電(dian)腦(nao)配(pei)件(jian)中(zhong)的一(yi)部分,它起(qi)的主(zhu)要作用(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)放置和固定各電(dian)腦(nao)配(pei)件(jian),起(qi)到(dao)一(yi)個承托和保護作用(yong)(yong),此外,電(dian)腦(nao)機(ji)箱(xiang)具(ju)有電(dian)磁輻射(she)的屏(ping)蔽的重(zhong)(zhong)要作用(yong)(yong),由于機(ji)箱(xiang)不像CPU、顯(xian)卡、主(zhu)板(ban)等(deng)配(pei)件(jian)能迅(xun)速提高整機(ji)性(xing)能,所以在DIY中(zhong)一(yi)直不被列為重(zhong)(zhong)點考(kao)慮對象。但是(shi)(shi)機(ji)箱(xiang)也并(bing)不是(shi)(shi)好(hao)無作用(yong)(yong),一(yi)些用(yong)(yong)戶買(mai)了雜牌機(ji)箱(xiang)后,因為主(zhu)板(ban)和機(ji)箱(xiang)形成回路,導致短路,使系(xi)統(tong)變得很不穩定。
7、電源
電源power source電源是提供電能的裝置。臺(tai)式機電源是把220V交流電(dian)(dian),轉換成直流電(dian)(dian),并專門為電(dian)(dian)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)配件如主板、驅動(dong)器、顯卡(ka)等供(gong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)設(she)備。臺式機(ji)電(dian)(dian)源是電(dian)(dian)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)各部件供(gong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)樞紐,是電(dian)(dian)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)組成部分。目前PC電(dian)源大都(dou)是開關(guan)型電(dian)源。
8、散熱器
散熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)是用來傳導、釋放熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量的一系列裝(zhuang)置的統稱。目前散熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)主要有采(cai)暖散熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)、計(ji)算機散熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi),其中采(cai)散熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)又(you)可根(gen)(gen)據材質和工作(zuo)模式分(fen)為若干(gan)種,計(ji)算機散熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)可根(gen)(gen)據用途和安裝(zhuang)方法分(fen)為若干(gan)種。
9、光驅
光驅(qu)是在(zai)(zai)臺式(shi)機和(he)筆記本便攜式(shi)電腦(nao)里的一個部(bu)件。隨著多媒體的應用越(yue)來越(yue)廣泛,使得光驅(qu)在(zai)(zai)計算機諸多配(pei)(pei)件中已經成為標準(zhun)配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)。目前(qian),光驅(qu)可(ke)分為CD-ROM驅(qu)動器、DVD光驅(qu)(DVD-ROM)、康(kang)寶(COMBO)和(he)刻錄機等。
10、顯示器
顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)器(qi)分普通LED、IPS廣視(shi)角,顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)器(qi)是用戶與(yu)電腦進行交流的(de)(de)必不可少的(de)(de)設備,顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)器(qi)到目前為止概念上(shang)還沒(mei)有統一(yi)的(de)(de)說法,但對其(qi)認識卻大都(dou)相同(tong),顧名思義,它應該是將一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)電子文件通過特定(ding)的(de)(de)傳輸(shu)設備顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)到屏幕(mu)上(shang)再反射到人眼的(de)(de)一(yi)種顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)工具。
11、鼠標
鼠標(biao)是(shi)計(ji)算機輸入設備的(de)簡稱,分有(you)線(xian)和無線(xian)兩種。也是(shi)計(ji)算機顯示(shi)系統縱橫坐標(biao)定位的(de)指(zhi)示(shi)器(qi),因形(xing)似老鼠而得(de)名(ming)“鼠標(biao)”(港臺作滑鼠)。“鼠標(biao)”的(de)標(biao)準(zhun)稱呼應該是(shi)“鼠標(biao)器(qi)”,英文名(ming)“Mouse”。鼠標(biao)的(de)使用是(shi)為了使計(ji)算機的(de)操作更加簡便,來代替鍵盤(pan)那(nei)繁瑣的(de)指(zhi)令。
12、鍵盤
鍵(jian)盤用于(yu)操作(zuo)設備運行的一種指令和數據輸入裝置。也指經過(guo)系統安排(pai)操作(zuo)一臺機器或設備的一組功能鍵(jian)(如打字機、電腦鍵(jian)盤)。
13、聲卡
聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)卡(ka)(Sound Card)也(ye)叫音(yin)(yin)頻卡(ka)(港臺稱之為聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)效(xiao)卡(ka)):聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)卡(ka)是(shi)多媒(mei)體技術中(zhong)最基(ji)本(ben)的(de)組成部分,是(shi)實現聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)波/數字信(xin)號(hao)相互轉(zhuan)換的(de)一(yi)種硬(ying)件(jian)。聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)卡(ka)的(de)基(ji)本(ben)功能是(shi)把來自話筒(tong)、磁帶、光(guang)盤(pan)的(de)原始(shi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)音(yin)(yin)信(xin)號(hao)加以轉(zhuan)換,輸出到耳機(ji)、揚(yang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)器(qi)、擴音(yin)(yin)機(ji)、錄(lu)音(yin)(yin)機(ji)等聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)響設(she)備,或通過音(yin)(yin)樂(le)設(she)備數字接口(MIDI)使樂(le)器(qi)發出美妙的(de)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)音(yin)(yin)。