一、鳥籠怎么選

鳥籠是觀賞鳥進行活動與棲息的主要環境，因此需要對鳥籠的形狀、結構與工藝有所要求，使之既適合鳥的活動，又細致美觀。鳥籠可選(xuan)用竹、木(mu)或金屬絲(si)之(zhi)類的材料制作，形(xing)狀有長(chang)方(fang)形(xing)、圓形(xing)、方(fang)形(xing)、扁形(xing)、半圓形(xing)、房式、腰(yao)鼓形(xing)等。

我國(guo)的鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)籠(long)(long)(long)素以(yi)選材(cai)考究，做工精細，既適(shi)(shi)用又美觀而聞名于世。為(wei)適(shi)(shi)應(ying)不(bu)同鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)的生活(huo)習性，觀賞籠(long)(long)(long)按鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)的種類(lei)大致(zhi)分為(wei)食(shi)(shi)谷(gu)類(lei)和(he)食(shi)(shi)蟲類(lei)兩類(lei)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)籠(long)(long)(long)。食(shi)(shi)谷(gu)類(lei)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)籠(long)(long)(long)有(you)金絲雀籠(long)(long)(long)、黃雀籠(long)(long)(long)、文(wen)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)籠(long)(long)(long)、百靈(ling)籠(long)(long)(long)、繡眼籠(long)(long)(long)等(deng)，食(shi)(shi)蟲類(lei)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)籠(long)(long)(long)有(you)畫眉(mei)籠(long)(long)(long)、點頦籠(long)(long)(long)、八哥籠(long)(long)(long)等(deng)。此外(wai)，還有(you)適(shi)(shi)合飼養鸚(ying)鵡的虎皮(pi)鸚(ying)鵡籠(long)(long)(long)和(he)各種棲架等(deng)。

選擇(ze)鳥(niao)籠(long)(long)時，籠(long)(long)的(de)大(da)(da)小(xiao)和形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀應(ying)與所飼(si)養鳥(niao)的(de)種(zhong)類和大(da)(da)小(xiao)相適應(ying)，即以適于所飼(si)養鳥(niao)的(de)生活和方(fang)便管理為(wei)原則。一般體(ti)形(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)大(da)(da)的(de)鳥(niao)選用高大(da)(da)但(dan)條(tiao)較(jiao)密的(de)籠(long)(long)，以免損壞尾羽。百靈(ling)等雖然體(ti)形(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)小(xiao)，但(dan)有高飛鳴唱的(de)習(xi)性，最好用特制(zhi)的(de)高籠(long)(long)。一般小(xiao)鳥(niao)用條(tiao)較(jiao)密的(de)小(xiao)籠(long)(long)即可。鸚鵡、交嘴雀等體(ti)型較(jiao)大(da)(da)，嘴型特殊的(de)硬食(shi)鳥(niao)兒(er)，要用金屬籠(long)(long)或鳥(niao)架飼(si)養。

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二、各種鳥籠的規格尺寸

1、金絲雀籠

又(you)稱芙蓉(rong)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、玉鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，適合飼(si)養金絲雀、白色(se)文(wen)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)、灰文(wen)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)、淡頭文(wen)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)、北朱(zhu)雀、金山珍珠鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)、相思鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)、三道眉草(cao)鹀(wu)等小型的(de)食(shi)谷鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)。可以用(yong)(yong)鍍鎳合金或竹(zhu)子制作，為(wei)精制的(de)圓形(xing)、方形(xing)或長方形(xing)（繁殖用(yong)(yong)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)）鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)。籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)頂(ding)有(you)(you)平頂(ding)和(he)圓頂(ding)兩種，籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)底封閉有(you)(you)底圈(quan)。圓形(xing)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)高約 33厘(li)米(mi)，直徑(jing)20厘(li)米(mi)；方形(xing)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)長24.7厘(li)米(mi)，寬24.7厘(li)米(mi)，高33.7厘(li)米(mi)。籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)條的(de)間距為(wei)1厘(li)米(mi)，條粗0.2厘(li)米(mi)。籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)底不用(yong)(yong)竹(zhu)條，以塑料板(ban)做成，底板(ban)可活動，便于拉出來洗(xi)刷。籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)內放2根棲木，并放一個食(shi)罐與飲水罐，籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)頂(ding)心有(you)(you)板(ban)，以改變(bian)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)仰(yang)頭望天的(de)習性。

2、黃雀籠

適合(he)黃(huang)雀(que)、大山(shan)(shan)(shan)雀(que)、金翅(chi)、朱(zhu)雀(que)、朱(zhu)頂(ding)雀(que)，以(yi)及各種鹀、文鳥等小型食(shi)谷(gu)鳥類。一般為(wei)(wei)(wei)竹制(zhi)的平(ping)頂(ding)小方籠(long)(long)或小圓(yuan)籠(long)(long)。高(gao)度為(wei)(wei)(wei)20～22厘(li)米(mi)，直(zhi)徑30厘(li)米(mi)。籠(long)(long)條(tiao)的間距(ju)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1．2厘(li)米(mi)，條(tiao)粗(cu)0.2厘(li)米(mi)。如(ru)果(guo)飼養沼澤山(shan)(shan)(shan)雀(que)、煤山(shan)(shan)(shan)雀(que)、黃(huang)腹山(shan)(shan)(shan)雀(que)、棕頭(tou)鴉雀(que)等，則籠(long)(long)條(tiao)的間距(ju)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1厘(li)米(mi)，也(ye)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)雀(que)籠(long)(long)。籠(long)(long)底(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)木板或塑料而有底(di)圈的封閉底(di)（俗(su)稱死(si)底(di)）。底(di)圈高(gao)3厘(li)米(mi)，不鋪沙而用布(bu)墊。距(ju)籠(long)(long)底(di)5～6厘(li)米(mi)處(chu)放兩(liang)根棲木，在棲木兩(liang)端各放2個精(jing)制(zhi)而小巧的食(shi)罐與水罐。

3、繡眼鳥籠

是(shi)體積最小(xiao)的一種鳥籠(long)(long)，適合飼養繡眼鳥、沼澤(ze)山雀、煤山雀、黃腹(fu)山雀、棕頭鴉雀、燕雀、戴菊和柳鶯等(deng)小(xiao)型鳥類。多(duo)為(wei)(wei)小(xiao)方籠(long)(long)，亮(liang)底(di)，無底(di)圈，糞托為(wei)(wei)籠(long)(long)底(di)插板。籠(long)(long)子長、寬各(ge)(ge)為(wei)(wei)17厘(li)(li)米(mi)見(jian)方，籠(long)(long)高24厘(li)(li)米(mi)，籠(long)(long)頂為(wei)(wei)拱形，有的用(yong)(yong)竹(zhu)片封(feng)住。條間(jian)距為(wei)(wei)1厘(li)(li)米(mi)，條粗為(wei)(wei)0．2厘(li)(li)米(mi)。上下各(ge)(ge)設(she)一個棲杠，食、水罐各(ge)(ge)一個，另設(she)一個軟食罐。籠(long)(long)架的結合處不用(yong)(yong)榫(sun)相接(jie)，而用(yong)(yong)牛筋或蠟線穿扎。

4、百靈籠

適(shi)合飼養百(bai)靈(ling)、鳳頭(tou)百(bai)靈(ling)、沙(sha)(sha)百(bai)靈(ling)與(yu)(yu)云(yun)雀(que)等鳥(niao)類。形(xing)狀為圓形(xing)，籠(long)(long)(long)(long)頂(ding)有拱頂(ding)與(yu)(yu)圓頂(ding)之分(fen)。籠(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)小，分(fen)為三(san)種規(gui)格，大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)55-160厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)，直(zhi)徑50-60厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)。為了攜帶方(fang)便(bian)，也可制成高(gao)(gao)(gao)低可以(yi)(yi)升降2～3節(jie)的(de)(de)“拉籠(long)(long)(long)(long)”，攜帶時降低，懸掛時升起(qi)。中(zhong)型(xing)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)40-50厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)，直(zhi)徑45厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)。小型(xing)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)25厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)，直(zhi)徑30厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)。條間距為1．2～1．5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)，條粗(cu)0.2～0．3厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)。小型(xing)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)又分(fen)為大(da)(da)(da)五圈(quan)和(he)小五圈(quan)兩種，大(da)(da)(da)五圈(quan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)28厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)，直(zhi)徑34～36厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)；小五圈(quan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)25厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)，直(zhi)徑30～32厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)。籠(long)(long)(long)(long)頂(ding)中(zhong)央(yang)部分(fen)（俗稱天井(jing)或頂(ding)蓋）以(yi)(yi)銅板為好，美觀大(da)(da)(da)方(fang)。籠(long)(long)(long)(long)底(di)(di)(di)(di)為三(san)合板封(feng)閉(bi)，并圍以(yi)(yi)底(di)(di)(di)(di)圈(quan)，內鋪細(xi)沙(sha)(sha)土(tu)，供鳥(niao)沙(sha)(sha)浴(yu)和(he)食用，尚能保護它們(men)的(de)(de)趾爪。底(di)(di)(di)(di)板圍以(yi)(yi)底(di)(di)(di)(di)圈(quan)，以(yi)(yi)防(fang)砂浴(yu)的(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)土(tu)與(yu)(yu)食用的(de)(de)砂粒被(bei)鳥(niao)劃出籠(long)(long)(long)(long)外(wai)。百(bai)靈(ling)為地棲鳥(niao)，所以(yi)(yi)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)內不放(fang)棲木，僅在(zai)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)底(di)(di)(di)(di)正中(zhong)放(fang)一(yi)(yi)個蘑菇形(xing)臺(tai)，又叫鳳凰臺(tai)，供鳥(niao)歌(ge)舞鳴唱。臺(tai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)15～20厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)，臺(tai)面(mian)直(zhi)徑4～7厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)。臺(tai)面(mian)應粗(cu)糙(cao)一(yi)(yi)些。籠(long)(long)(long)(long)邊(bian)近(jin)底(di)(di)(di)(di)部作一(yi)(yi)個圓孔(kong)，孔(kong)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)小要(yao)適(shi)于(yu)鳥(niao)的(de)(de)頭(tou)部伸(shen)出，在(zai)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)外(wai)的(de)(de)孔(kong)下(xia)面(mian)設一(yi)(yi)水罐(guan)，能讓鳥(niao)的(de)(de)頭(tou)自由(you)伸(shen)出洞(dong)外(wai)飲水。飲水罐(guan)固定懸掛于(yu)洞(dong)外(wai)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)壁上，一(yi)(yi)則防(fang)止水潑(po)在(zai)沙(sha)(sha)子上，二則可防(fang)止鳥(niao)糞污染水罐(guan)。食罐(guan)則掛在(zai)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)內。

沙子(zi)(zi)最好(hao)用(yong)河沙為好(hao)，因沙細(xi)而柔軟(ruan)，且涼(liang)性較大(da)，使鳥沙浴時(shi)感到清(qing)涼(liang)舒適(shi)，并可以擦拭羽(yu)毛，使羽(yu)整齊。籠里的(de)沙子(zi)(zi)要常(chang)篩濾，并及時(shi)將鳥糞和其它雜物清(qing)理掉，最好(hao)用(yong)水沖(chong)洗(xi)干凈。沙子(zi)(zi)用(yong)過一段時(shi)間后(hou)，應放在太陽下面曝曬(shai)消毒。

5、點頦籠

適合飼(si)養紅(hong)點(dian)頦、藍點(dian)頦、紅(hong)尾鴝(qu)、白喉磯鶇等半地棲鳥類(lei)以及鴝(qu)類(lei)、鹟類(lei)等食(shi)蟲(chong)鳥類(lei)。一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)竹制的扁圓(yuan)形籠。籠高約30厘(li)米(mi)，籠底直(zhi)徑(jing)20～25厘(li)米(mi)，條(tiao)間(jian)距(ju)1．5厘(li)米(mi)，條(tiao)粗(cu)0.2厘(li)米(mi)，籠頂(ding)中央封閉部分直(zhi)徑(jing)16厘(li)米(mi)。底為(wei)亮(liang)底，鋪布墊或托糞板。籠內(nei)放置一(yi)根棲木，在棲木兩(liang)端分別放1個(ge)(ge)食(shi)罐和水罐，另設一(yi)個(ge)(ge)圓(yuan)柱形軟(ruan)食(shi)罐。

6、畫眉籠

畫眉籠的(de)(de)(de)(de)式(shi)樣(yang)很多，適合(he)于(yu)飼養(yang)各種(zhong)體(ti)形(xing)大小與畫(hua)眉(mei)相(xiang)近的(de)(de)(de)(de)雜(za)食鳥(niao)(niao)，如(ru)各種(zhong)鵯類(lei)、鶇類(lei)、黃鸝、山(shan)椒鳥(niao)(niao)、椋鳥(niao)(niao)、太(tai)平鳥(niao)(niao)、鵲鴝等。主要有板(ban)籠(long)(long)(long)和(he)亮籠(long)(long)(long)2種(zhong)，也有介(jie)于(yu)二(er)者(zhe)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)半板(ban)籠(long)(long)(long)，均為(wei)竹(zhu)制。板(ban)籠(long)(long)(long)為(wei)長方(fang)(fang)形(xing)或方(fang)(fang)形(xing)，又稱方(fang)(fang)籠(long)(long)(long)或槽子，籠(long)(long)(long)小而暗，造型穩重、端莊(zhuang)，還應備有籠(long)(long)(long)罩，既便于(yu)攜帶，又便于(yu)懸(xuan)掛，尤是(shi)適合(he)用(yong)于(yu)生鳥(niao)(niao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)馴養(yang)。一(yi)般(ban)長寬高分別為(wei)24厘(li)米(mi)×21厘(li)米(mi)×27厘(li)米(mi)。正面的(de)(de)(de)(de)竹(zhu)條(tiao)有9根(gen)和(he)11根(gen)兩種(zhong)，側面則(ze)(ze)為(wei)11根(gen)或13根(gen)，或者(zhe)將頂、背、左右等部分均用(yong)竹(zhu)片(pian)封住。由于(yu)畫(hua)眉(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)形(xing)較大，竹(zhu)條(tiao)過密則(ze)(ze)會影響(xiang)觀賞的(de)(de)(de)(de)視線，條(tiao)間距(ju)以(yi)1．7～2．0厘(li)米(mi)為(wei)宜。籠(long)(long)(long)內(nei)裝(zhuang)一(yi)棲(qi)(qi)(qi)木，其位置在(zai)側面的(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)五(wu)根(gen)竹(zhu)條(tiao)與第(di)六根(gen)竹(zhu)條(tiao)上(shang)(shang)。在(zai)棲(qi)(qi)(qi)木的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩端，置放瓷質的(de)(de)(de)(de)食罐一(yi)對。一(yi)只盛米(mi)，另(ling)一(yi)只盛水。棲(qi)(qi)(qi)木的(de)(de)(de)(de)高度，約為(wei)籠(long)(long)(long)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)分之(zhi)一(yi)處，原則(ze)(ze)上(shang)(shang)要求鳥(niao)(niao)立在(zai)棲(qi)(qi)(qi)木上(shang)(shang)，其頭(tou)碰不(bu)(bu)到籠(long)(long)(long)頂為(wei)宜，但也不(bu)(bu)宜太(tai)低，避免鳥(niao)(niao)在(zai)棲(qi)(qi)(qi)木下方(fang)(fang)活(huo)動(dong)。

7、亮籠

以(yi)圓(yuan)形(xing)為(wei)主，式樣變化較(jiao)多，有(you)圓(yuan)筒形(xing)、腰鼓形(xing)、六角多邊形(xing)和饅頭(tou)形(xing)等(deng)。籠(long)頂中央(yang)封閉(bi)。籠(long)的直徑和高各為(wei)33厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，條(tiao)間(jian)距2厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)、條(tiao)粗0．3厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。底為(wei)亮底，有(you)糞托。籠(long)內裝有(you)三根棲(qi)(qi)木(mu)，呈等(deng)腰三角形(xing)設置(zhi)，上(shang)一根為(wei)主要棲(qi)(qi)架，是一根直徑為(wei)2厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)的沙(sha)木(mu)（在(zai)棲(qi)(qi)木(mu)表面涂上(shang)一層(ceng)漆后(hou)，馬上(shang)撒上(shang)一層(ceng)細沙(sha)（金(jin)剛(gang)沙(sha)），待漆干后(hou)，細沙(sha)粘(zhan)在(zai)棲(qi)(qi)木(mu)上(shang)而(er)成），專(zhuan)供畫(hua)(hua)眉嘴與(yu)趾(zhi)爪的磨擦。其余兩根不用(yong)沙(sha)木(mu)，僅作為(wei)畫(hua)(hua)眉跳上(shang)或跳下和轉身(shen)用(yong)，是輔(fu)助(zhu)的棲(qi)(qi)木(mu)，兩者(zhe)相對，并在(zai)同一高度。棲(qi)(qi)木(mu)的粗細，以(yi)畫(hua)(hua)眉爪能握(wo)住棲(qi)(qi)木(mu)外圍(wei)的二分之一為(wei)宜。

8、八哥籠

又稱鷯哥籠，適合飼養八哥、鷯哥、椋鳥(niao)(niao)、杜鵑(juan)、松鴉(ya)、藍翡翠、紅嘴藍鵲，以(yi)及(ji)(ji)鹛類(lei)、鶇類(lei)、伯(bo)勞類(lei)中(zhong)體形較大(da)的(de)(de)種類(lei)。籠比較高大(da)，為大(da)型竹(zhu)制或(huo)以(yi)14號鉛絲制成的(de)(de)圓(yuan)筒(tong)狀，高45～48厘(li)米(mi)，直徑36～38厘(li)米(mi)，條(tiao)間距為2厘(li)米(mi)，條(tiao)粗0．3-0.4厘(li)米(mi)。由(you)于雜(za)食性鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)的(de)(de)食量大(da)，排便(bian)多，故(gu)應(ying)為亮底(di)，籠底(di)部竹(zhu)條(tiao)向上(shang)凸起，并設(she)有承接糞便(bian)的(de)(de)托盤或(huo)底(di)板，底(di)板距底(di)部竹(zhu)條(tiao)約5厘(li)米(mi)，可以(yi)減少鳥(niao)(niao)糞及(ji)(ji)殘食污染鳥(niao)(niao)體。籠內設(she)帶有粘沙(sha)的(de)(de)棲木(mu)一根。大(da)而深的(de)(de)食罐、飲水罐各(ge)1個(ge)，掛在(zai)籠內，另設(she)一個(ge)雜(za)食罐，裝沙(sha)子、萊心等物。

9、虎皮鸚鵡籠

適(shi)合飼養(yang)緋(fei)胸鸚(ying)(ying)(ying)鵡(wu)(wu)(wu)、牡(mu)丹鸚(ying)(ying)(ying)鵡(wu)(wu)(wu)、虎(hu)皮鸚(ying)(ying)(ying)鵡(wu)(wu)(wu)等中小型鸚(ying)(ying)(ying)鵡(wu)(wu)(wu)。籠(long)(long)(long)子的(de)(de)(de)形狀可(ke)分方形的(de)(de)(de)與圓形的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)種，單只飼養(yang)時圓形籠(long)(long)(long)較好。由于(yu)鸚(ying)(ying)(ying)鵡(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)嘴強健有(you)(you)力，喜歡啃咬(yao)，故不能用(yong)(yong)(yong)竹(zhu)籠(long)(long)(long)，必(bi)須用(yong)(yong)(yong)鐵(tie)(tie)絲(si)(si)籠(long)(long)(long)，底(di)為鐵(tie)(tie)皮封閉，并有(you)(you)底(di)圈，籠(long)(long)(long)底(di)設(she)有(you)(you)一(yi)個(ge)抽(chou)屜式的(de)(de)(de)底(di)盤。籠(long)(long)(long)頂和四(si)邊均用(yong)(yong)(yong)12號鐵(tie)(tie)絲(si)(si)，大小為長35厘(li)米(mi)(mi)、寬35厘(li)米(mi)(mi)、高42厘(li)米(mi)(mi)。圓形籠(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)直徑為36厘(li)米(mi)(mi)、高42厘(li)米(mi)(mi)，籠(long)(long)(long)頂及籠(long)(long)(long)邊也用(yong)(yong)(yong)12號鐵(tie)(tie)絲(si)(si)構成，條間距(ju)為2厘(li)米(mi)(mi)。籠(long)(long)(long)內設(she)2～3根棲木，分層擺(bai)放，便于(yu)鸚(ying)(ying)(ying)鵡(wu)(wu)(wu)日常(chang)活動(dong)。鐵(tie)(tie)絲(si)(si)最(zui)好用(yong)(yong)(yong)油漆刷1～2次，便于(yu)日常(chang)洗(xi)刷，而且(qie)能防止銹蝕。籠(long)(long)(long)內設(she)有(you)(you)食罐(guan)(guan)、水罐(guan)(guan)與雜食罐(guan)(guan)各一(yi)個(ge)。籠(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)底(di)盤中鋪一(yi)層細沙(sha)，既可(ke)被鳥(niao)啄食，又(you)可(ke)保(bao)護鳥(niao)的(de)(de)(de)趾爪。沙(sha)子要經常(chang)過篩和晾曬，以保(bao)持沙(sha)子的(de)(de)(de)干凈與衛生(sheng)。