一、牛黃安宮丸是什么藥丸

牛(niu)(niu)黃(huang)(huang)安(an)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)丸，醫學(xue)名稱應為(wei)安(an)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)牛(niu)(niu)黃(huang)(huang)丸，所謂安(an)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，是指“使(shi)(shi)心(xin)(xin)安(an)居(ju)其宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”，宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)殿、宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)城的意思，指代(dai)君(jun)王居(ju)住的場所，在人體內，心(xin)(xin)為(wei)君(jun)主(zhu)之(zhi)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，心(xin)(xin)包為(wei)心(xin)(xin)臟外面(mian)的包膜，如(ru)果熱(re)邪侵犯心(xin)(xin)包，會導致心(xin)(xin)之(zhi)功能失常，出現高熱(re)、神昏、譫語、驚(jing)厥等危險癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)。安(an)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)牛(niu)(niu)黃(huang)(huang)丸以(yi)牛(niu)(niu)黃(huang)(huang)、麝香、冰(bing)片等清心(xin)(xin)豁痰，醒神開(kai)竅，重鎮(zhen)安(an)神，使(shi)(shi)心(xin)(xin)得以(yi)安(an)居(ju)心(xin)(xin)包，故(gu)稱為(wei)安(an)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)牛(niu)(niu)黃(huang)(huang)丸。成(cheng)品(pin)牛(niu)(niu)黃(huang)(huang)安(an)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)丸為(wei)黃(huang)(huang)橙色(se)(se)至(zhi)紅(hong)褐(he)色(se)(se)的大蜜丸或者為(wei)包金衣的大蜜丸，除去金衣顯黃(huang)(huang)橙色(se)(se)至(zhi)紅(hong)褐(he)色(se)(se)，氣芳香濃郁，味微苦。

牛(niu)(niu)黃安宮丸處(chu)方源于清(qing)(qing)代吳鞠(ju)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)《溫病(bing)條(tiao)辯》卷一，是清(qing)(qing)代著名(ming)(ming)醫學家吳塘根據(ju)明代醫學家萬(wan)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)牛(niu)(niu)黃清(qing)(qing)心丸改造而成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥方，1793年(nian)，京城流行溫疫，死(si)在庸醫手中的(de)(de)(de)(de)人不計其(qi)數，吳鞠(ju)通(tong)診治(zhi)病(bing)人，在危重病(bing)人中救活了(le)幾十人，從此聲名(ming)(ming)大振。

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二、安宮牛黃丸的配方及組方分析

安宮牛黃(huang)丸的(de)(de)配方(fang)成分主要有：牛黃(huang)、水牛角(jiao)濃縮粉、人工麝(she)香(xiang)、珍珠、朱砂、雄(xiong)黃(huang)、黃(huang)連、黃(huang)芩(qin)、梔子(zi)、郁金(jin)、冰(bing)片。安宮牛黃(huang)丸的(de)(de)組(zu)方(fang)分析(xi)如下(xia)：

1、君藥

牛(niu)黃味苦甘，性涼(liang)(liang)，氣味芳香(xiang)，具有(you)清心豁痰、開竅(qiao)、涼(liang)(liang)肝、息風解(jie)毒的(de)功效，在《神農本(ben)草經》中被列為上(shang)品；麝(she)香(xiang)辛散溫通，為開竅(qiao)之首藥，與牛(niu)黃配合(he)突出了安宮牛(niu)黃丸的(de)清熱解(jie)毒、芳香(xiang)開竅(qiao)的(de)特點。

從(cong)藥(yao)性上(shang)，牛黃(huang)與(yu)麝(she)(she)香(xiang)一(yi)溫一(yi)涼、相輔(fu)相成，麝(she)(she)香(xiang)在大(da)量苦寒藥(yao)中，不但不會助熱(re)升散，反(fan)而更凸現其(qi)清心(xin)解毒的(de)要旨，這也是安(an)宮(gong)牛黃(huang)丸的(de)一(yi)大(da)特點。

2、臣藥

水牛(niu)角濃縮粉(fen)清熱涼血，黃(huang)連、黃(huang)芩、梔子，苦寒(han)清熱燥(zao)濕(shi)，輔助君藥，加強了清熱瀉火(huo)、涼血解毒豁(huo)痰(tan)的作用(yong)。

3、佐藥

朱(zhu)砂、珍珠鎮靜安神(shen)通心竅，郁金(jin)理氣舒肝，雄黃解(jie)毒辟穢，冰片芳(fang)香開竅，合金(jin)箔能豁痰(tan)(tan)墮痰(tan)(tan)而輔佐君藥加(jia)強鎮心、定驚(jing)、安神(shen)的作用。

4、使藥

蜂蜜為使(shi)，制成大蜜丸，除了是賦形劑外，又有和胃調中的(de)作用，以(yi)防(fang)過于苦寒傷(shang)胃。