一、汽車發電機工作原理是什么

汽車發電(dian)機(ji)是(shi)怎樣工作(zuo)的呢？當(dang)外電(dian)路通過電(dian)刷使(shi)勵磁(ci)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組通電(dian)時(shi)，便產(chan)生磁(ci)場，使(shi)電(dian)極(ji)被磁(ci)化為N極(ji)和(he)S極(ji)。當(dang)轉(zhuan)子(zi)旋轉(zhuan)時(shi)，磁(ci)通交替(ti)地在定(ding)(ding)子(zi)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組中(zhong)變(bian)化，根據電(dian)磁(ci)感應原(yuan)理可(ke)知(zhi)，定(ding)(ding)子(zi)的三(san)相繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組中(zhong)便產(chan)生交變(bian)的感應電(dian)動勢，這就是(shi)汽車發電(dian)機(ji)的工作(zuo)原(yuan)理。具體電(dian)路為：蓄電(dian)池(chi)正極(ji)→充(chong)電(dian)指示燈→調節器觸點→勵磁(ci)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)阻→搭鐵→蓄電(dian)池(chi)負極(ji)。

由(you)原動機（即發(fa)動機）拖動直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)勵(li)磁的同步發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機轉(zhuan)子，以轉(zhuan)速n（rpm）旋轉(zhuan)，三相(xiang)定子繞阻(zu)便感(gan)應交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢。定子繞阻(zu)若接入用電(dian)(dian)(dian)負載，電(dian)(dian)(dian)機就有交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能輸(shu)出(chu)，經過發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機內部(bu)的整流(liu)(liu)橋(qiao)將交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換成直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)從(cong)輸(shu)出(chu)端子輸(shu)出(chu)。

交流(liu)發電機分(fen)為定(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)和(he)轉子(zi)(zi)(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)兩部分(fen)，三相(xiang)定(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)按照彼此相(xiang)差120度(du)電角度(du)分(fen)布(bu)在殼體上，轉子(zi)(zi)(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)由兩塊極(ji)(ji)爪(zhua)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)。當轉子(zi)(zi)(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)接通直流(liu)電時即被勵磁(ci)，兩塊極(ji)(ji)爪(zhua)形成(cheng)(cheng)N極(ji)(ji)和(he)S極(ji)(ji)。磁(ci)力(li)線由N極(ji)(ji)出發，透過(guo)空氣間隙進(jin)入定(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)(zi)鐵心再(zai)回到相(xiang)鄰(lin)的S極(ji)(ji)。轉子(zi)(zi)(zi)一旦旋轉，轉子(zi)(zi)(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)就會(hui)切割磁(ci)力(li)線，在定(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)中產(chan)生(sheng)互差120度(du)電度(du)角的正弦(xian)電動勢，即三相(xiang)交流(liu)電，再(zai)經由二(er)極(ji)(ji)管組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)的整流(liu)元件(jian)變為直流(liu)電輸出。

當開關閉(bi)合后(hou)，首(shou)先由蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)提(ti)(ti)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。此(ci)時(shi)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)指示(shi)燈(deng)由于(yu)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通過，所以燈(deng)會亮。但(dan)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)起動(dong)后(hou)，隨著發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)轉速(su)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)，發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓也不斷升高(gao)。當發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓與蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓相(xiang)等時(shi)，發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)“B”端(duan)和“D”端(duan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)相(xiang)等，此(ci)時(shi)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)指示(shi)燈(deng)由于(yu)兩端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)差為零而(er)熄滅。指示(shi)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)已經正常工作，勵磁電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)由發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)自己供給(gei)。發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)中三相(xiang)繞(rao)阻(zu)所產生的三相(xiang)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢經二(er)極管整流(liu)后(hou)，輸出直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，向負載(zai)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，并(bing)向蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

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二、汽車驅動電機如何接線

1、汽車電機(ji)上(shang)會有B、B+、D+、E、W等符號以及(ji)相應的接(jie)線點，通過這些符號將線接(jie)入(ru)即可。

2、每臺電(dian)機(ji)都有一(yi)個最大接線(xian)點即(ji)B點端(duan)，這(zhe)是連接到蓄電(dian)池(chi)，打開電(dian)源開關就有電(dian)壓。

3、E點是(shi)搭鐵線，就是(shi)負極(ji)。

4、D+接線端(duan)大部連接充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)(deng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)通過指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)(deng)到D+起到勵磁(ci)作用(yong)，如果拆下這(zhe)條線指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)(deng)滅了，那么可(ke)(ke)以(yi)判(pan)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機不會(hui)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，用(yong)萬用(yong)表測量需(xu)要有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，沒有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)斷(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機是不充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的，也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)將這(zhe)條線拆下直(zhi)接搭鐵，如指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)(deng)亮可(ke)(ke)以(yi)判(pan)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)是正常的。

5、W接(jie)(jie)線端(duan)是連接(jie)(jie)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機轉速表（有的沒用(yong)），有的汽(qi)車用(yong)W線來控制空(kong)調開關(guan)和熄(xi)(xi)火電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥，當發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機還工作時而這(zhe)條線斷開，控制器判定發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機已熄(xi)(xi)火沒必要再(zai)打開熄(xi)(xi)火電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥，所以這(zhe)時關(guan)閉(bi)電(dian)(dian)門鎖無法讓發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機熄(xi)(xi)火

同樣(yang)，空調控(kong)制(zhi)開關的(de)(de)電(dian)源(yuan)是由w線電(dian)源(yuan)打開繼電(dian)器(qi)而(er)得(de)電(dian)，沒有(you)w線電(dian)壓空調控(kong)制(zhi)開關無(wu)法(fa)工(gong)作，同樣(yang)道理可以利用(yong)(yong)這w線控(kong)制(zhi)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)后無(wu)法(fa)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)馬達，可以起(qi)(qi)到保護(hu)馬達的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。