樓梯間應急照明分類

應急(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)指(zhi)因(yin)正常照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)失效而(er)啟動的照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)，應急(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)必(bi)須采用能瞬時可靠點燃的照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)光源，一般采用白熾(chi)燈和鹵鎢燈。 應急(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)包(bao)括備用照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)、安全照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)和疏(shu)散照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)。

1、備用照明。指用于(yu)確保正(zheng)常(chang)活動繼續進行的照明。應(ying)急照明主要設置在由(you)于(yu)工作中(zhong)(zhong)斷或(huo)(huo)誤操(cao)作容(rong)易引起爆炸、火災和人身(shen)傷亡或(huo)(huo)造成嚴重(zhong)后(hou)果和經(jing)濟損失的場所，如醫院的手術(shu)室和急救(jiu)室、商場、體育(yu)館(guan)、劇院等、變配(pei)電(dian)室、消防控制(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)心等。

2、安全照明。指用于確保處于潛在危險之中的人(ren)員安全的照明。

3 、疏(shu)散照(zhao)明(ming)。指用(yong)于確保疏(shu)散通(tong)道(dao)被(bei)有效地辨認(ren)和(he)使用(yong)的(de)照(zhao)明(ming)。疏(shu)散照(zhao)明(ming)主(zhu)要(yao)設置在一旦(dan)正常照(zhao)明(ming)熄滅(mie)或發(fa)生火災，將引起混亂的(de)人(ren)員密集(ji)的(de)場所，如賓館(guan)、影劇院、展覽館(guan)、大型(xing)百貨商場、體育館(guan)、高層(ceng)建(jian)筑的(de)疏(shu)散通(tong)道(dao)等。

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樓梯間消防應急照明設計

1、設計要求

樓(lou)梯(ti)間(jian)作為建筑物內部(bu)的(de)(de)核心組成部(bu)分，不僅是(shi)人流相(xiang)對集中、最(zui)易發(fa)(fa)生意外的(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)而且還承擔應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)疏散的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)任務。在發(fa)(fa)生火災或者是(shi)突(tu)然(ran)斷電等情況(kuang)時(shi)，樓(lou)梯(ti)間(jian)的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照明(ming)將發(fa)(fa)揮重(zhong)要(yao)作用(yong)因此應(ying)(ying)(ying)高(gao)度重(zhong)視樓(lou)梯(ti)間(jian)的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照明(ming)設(she)計。GB 50016-2014《建筑設(she)計防(fang)(fang)火規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》中規(gui)(gui)定在封閉(bi)式或防(fang)(fang)煙(yan)式的(de)(de)樓(lou)梯(ti)間(jian)都應(ying)(ying)(ying)設(she)置消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)具，并且對樓(lou)梯(ti)間(jian)內的(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)疏散照度也有強制性要(yao)求(一(yi)般要(yao)求地(di)面(mian)的(de)(de)最(zui)低水(shui)平(ping)照度應(ying)(ying)(ying)該高(gao)于5.0 lx)。此外，消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照明(ming)設(she)計過程中需(xu)要(yao)合理選擇應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照明(ming)系統(tong)供(gong)電控制方(fang)式，井(jing)應(ying)(ying)(ying)通(tong)過計算方(fang)法(fa)驗證應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照明(ming)的(de)(de)照度是(shi)否滿足規(gui)(gui)范(fan)性的(de)(de)要(yao)求和(he)標準值(zhi)的(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)。

（1）燈具種類

隨著相關(guan)消防照(zhao)(zhao)明法規的健全與完善(shan)，消防應急照(zhao)(zhao)明燈(deng)具(ju)的種類也不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)增多，性能不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)提高，技術不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)發展。按照(zhao)(zhao)供電形式劃分，目(mu)前常用的消防應急燈(deng)具(ju)主要分為(wei)2種：

①自帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)型消防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)。該類燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)是我(wo)國(guo)普諞使(shi)用的(de)消防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)之一(yi)，一(yi)旦(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)被切斷，其自帶(dai)的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)即可(ke)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)并且每一(yi)個燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)內部還(huan)配有電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)元器件，可(ke)以起到(dao)變壓、充電(dian)(dian)(dian)、穩(wen)壓以及蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)作用。當消防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)照明(ming)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)進行(xing)檢修時，可(ke)以去掉電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，方便(bian)下(xia)次(ci)正常使(shi)用。自帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)型消防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)優勢明(ming)顯，供電(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)靠性高，轉換(huan)速度快，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)損壞對(dui)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)影響相對(dui)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)等(deng)；其缺(que)點在(zai)于投(tou)資大，受到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量大小(xiao)的(de)限制，具(ju)(ju)的(de)照明(ming)時間比較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)短，運行(xing)管理和維護要求較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高等(deng)。通(tong)常情況下(xia)，在(zai)建(jian)筑(zhu)層次(ci)校對(dui)或(huo)規(gui)模較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)的(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)物樓梯間，消防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)少，因此宜采用自帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)型消防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)。

②集(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)電(dian)型應(ying)(ying)(ying)急燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)。在某(mou)些大型建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程中(zhong)，集(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)電(dian)源供(gong)電(dian)型消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)比較受(shou)人們的青睞(lai)，主要原因在于這種消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)內(nei)沒有(you)(you)獨立的電(dian)源，當正常(chang)照(zhao)明(ming)電(dian)源被切斷時，供(gong)電(dian)來(lai)源主要集(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)于供(gong)電(dian)系(xi)(xi)統。這種形式的應(ying)(ying)(ying)急照(zhao)明(ming)系(xi)(xi)統省略(lve)了燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)內(nei)部(bu)部(bu)分復雜的電(dian)子(zi)電(dian)路，并且可以(yi)在專用房間內(nei)設(she)置集(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)電(dian)系(xi)(xi)統，一(yi)(yi)旦發生事故，集(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)電(dian)系(xi)(xi)統就會(hui)自(zi)動投切。與自(zi)帶(dai)蓄(xu)電(dian)池的消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)相對比，集(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)電(dian)源控(kong)制(zhi)型消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)方便(bian)集(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)管理，用戶可以(yi)自(zi)行查看用電(dian)情況。此外，該(gai)種消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)還(huan)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)進行消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)監督檢查以(yi)及延長燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)使用壽命等優勢，方便(bian)維護和管理。但是此種燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)也(ye)存在一(yi)(yi)定缺陷，一(yi)(yi)旦消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急照(zhao)明(ming)電(dian)源出現故障，就會(hui)對正常(chang)的照(zhao)明(ming)造成影(ying)響。

（2）燈具選擇因素

消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)應(ying)(ying)(ying)該(gai)(gai)滿足其(qi)安裝(zhuang)場所(suo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)水以及防(fang)塵要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。通常(chang)情(qing)況下，一(yi)般(ban)民用建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)樓梯間(jian)(jian)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)選(xuan)擇(ze)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求較(jiao)少，沒有規定特殊要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。工(gong)業建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)則不同，其(qi)樓梯間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)按(an)照(zhao)工(gong)業環境要(yao)(yao)(yao)求進行。環境比較(jiao)潮(chao)濕時(shi)，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)選(xuan)擇(ze)防(fang)水等(deng)級(ji)較(jiao)高或(huo)帶水燈(deng)(deng)頭的(de)(de)(de)(de)開敞性消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)；在某(mou)些腐蝕(shi)性氣體相(xiang)對較(jiao)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)場所(suo)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)選(xuan)擇(ze)抗腐蝕(shi)密閉(bi)型消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)如果工(gong)業建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)所(suo)在地的(de)(de)(de)(de)塵埃(ai)相(xiang)對較(jiao)多，應(ying)(ying)(ying)該(gai)(gai)選(xuan)擇(ze)帶有防(fang)塵裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)，且防(fang)護(hu)等(deng)級(ji)適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)；若是(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)場所(suo)臨近易(yi)(yi)燃易(yi)(yi)爆或(huo)者易(yi)(yi)發生火災的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)按(an)照(zhao)GB17945-2010《消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)和疏散(san)指示系統》等(deng)國家規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)標準選(xuan)擇(ze)相(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)護(hu)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)。通常(chang)情(qing)況下普(pu)通建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樓梯間(jian)(jian)轉彎平(ping)臺上都應(ying)(ying)(ying)該(gai)(gai)布置(zhi)(zhi)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)燈(deng)(deng)或(huo)是(shi)人員疏散(san)的(de)(de)(de)(de)指示燈(deng)(deng)。消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)燈(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安裝(zhuang)有一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)高度限(xian)制，一(yi)般(ban)可以將安裝(zhuang)高度控(kong)制在距離(li)地面高度2m左右，除(chu)此(ci)之外疏散(san)指示燈(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安裝(zhuang)高度般(ban)控(kong)制在距離(li)地面0.4 m左右。

綜上(shang)所述，選擇(ze)消(xiao)防應急照(zhao)明燈具，充分(fen)考慮建筑(zhu)物功能、性質等方面的因素。

2、供配電系統分析

（1）設計分析

消(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)系(xi)統需要具備獨立(li)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。獨立(li)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)應(ying)該和常規照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)分離開，比(bi)較(jiao)常見的(de)(de)獨立(li)于饋電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)有(you)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組、蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)等形式。因此常用的(de)(de)消(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)配電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統主(zhu)要有(you)3種：一是(shi)以發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組作(zuo)為消(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，二是(shi)以蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池作(zuo)為消(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，三(san)是(shi)以自帶(dai)自動轉換裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池應(ying)急(ji)燈作(zuo)為消(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。

以發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機組作(zuo)為消防應急照明(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)時，需要在配變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站周圍設計一(yi)段低壓(ya)應急母(mu)線(xian)，然后(hou)使用(yong)(yong)斷路器(qi)將低壓(ya)應急母(mu)線(xian)和(he)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所的(de)(de)低壓(ya)母(mu)線(xian)進行連接，供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時從變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)生故(gu)障的(de)(de)情況(kuang)下，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機就會(hui)自(zi)行啟動。應急母(mu)線(xian)就會(hui)和(he)正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)斷開，并采用(yong)(yong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)恢置(zhi)正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)后(hou)，延緩一(yi)段時間就會(hui)返回到(dao)之前的(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態。

以(yi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)作為消防應(ying)(ying)急照(zhao)明電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)時(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)選用燈內自(zi)(zi)帶的(de)具有自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)轉換(huan)(huan)(huan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置的(de)應(ying)(ying)急燈，并根據具體的(de)實際情況，將常(chang)用照(zhao)明裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置的(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)設開(kai)關(guan)進行分(fen)散，不(bu)常(chang)用的(de)照(zhao)明裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置剛(gang)無需(xu)(xu)(xu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)設開(kai)關(guan)，如果(guo)樓梯出(chu)口的(de)標志(zhi)性燈需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)設開(kai)關(guan)時(shi)(shi)，需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)采取(qu)集中(zhong)(zhong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)設的(de)方式(shi)，并專(zhuan)門管(guan)理。需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)注意的(de)是(shi)，在(zai)給應(ying)(ying)急燈浮充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)專(zhuan)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)線(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)，不(bu)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)設置專(zhuan)門的(de)開(kai)關(guan)線(xian)路(lu)。作為應(ying)(ying)急電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)所(suo)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)轉換(huan)(huan)(huan)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)一般比(bi)較短(duan)，因(yin)此(ci)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)持續的(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)也是(shi)比(bi)較短(duan)的(de)。相反，發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)相對較長(chang)，它的(de)轉換(huan)(huan)(huan)過(guo)程(cheng)也需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)較長(chang)的(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)。所(suo)以(yi)，在(zai)整個照(zhao)明設計中(zhong)(zhong)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)將蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進行組臺，然后設置自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)轉換(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)出(chu)現故障的(de)情況下(xia)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)直接轉換(huan)(huan)(huan)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，點亮應(ying)(ying)急燈，幫助人們繼續正(zheng)常(chang)工作或是(shi)進行應(ying)(ying)急疏散，如果(guo)不(bu)是(shi)瞬時(shi)(shi)性的(de)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)較長(chang)的(de)情況下(xia)就可(ke)(ke)以(yi)轉換(huan)(huan)(huan)到發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

如果采用自動轉換裝置的蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)應(ying)急燈，可以從(cong)常規照(zhao)(zhao)明箱引出(chu)(chu)單獨回(hui)路的應(ying)急照(zhao)(zhao)明電(dian)(dian)源，也可以直接(jie)從(cong)應(ying)急照(zhao)(zhao)明電(dian)(dian)源上引出(chu)(chu)，如果回(hui)路出(chu)(chu)現斷電(dian)(dian)情況時由電(dian)(dian)池(chi)供電(dian)(dian)的應(ying)急燈就會(hui)燃亮。

（2）系統要求

樓梯間(jian)消(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明的(de)設(she)計需要(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)照(zhao)明配(pei)電線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)問題，應(ying)急(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)應(ying)該使用防(fang)火電纜和耐(nai)熱導(dao)線(xian)(xian)，應(ying)急(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)是從發電機(ji)到應(ying)急(ji)(ji)配(pei)電母線(xian)(xian)，從母線(xian)(xian)到應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈以及(ji)由(you)集中(zhong)裝蓄(xu)電池到直急(ji)(ji)燈的(de)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)。通常(chang)情況下應(ying)急(ji)(ji)配(pei)電線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)需要(yao)(yao)裝設(she)短路(lu)(lu)保護(hu)裝置(zhi)。在線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)敷(fu)設(she)過程中(zhong)，需要(yao)(yao)將應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)和正常(chang)照(zhao)明線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)分(fen)管(guan)進行敷(fu)設(she)，兩者之間(jian)不(bu)需要(yao)(yao)共用中(zhong)性線(xian)(xian)。應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明分(fen)支(zhi)線(xian)(xian)的(de)劃分(fen)需要(yao)(yao)按照(zhao)防(fang)火區(qu)進行劃分(fen)，不(bu)同防(fang)火區(qu)的(de)分(fen)支(zhi)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)之間(jian)不(bu)能出(chu)現跨越。

（3）供電方式

合(he)適的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照明供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是(shi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)計(ji)中的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)環節，該環節的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)過程中需(xu)要(yao)(yao)綜合(he)考(kao)慮(lv)(lv)到(dao)建(jian)筑物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)類、用(yong)(yong)途，建(jian)筑物(wu)符(fu)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)等級，電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)轉換時間等。此外(wai)，消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照明的(de)(de)(de)持續時間以(yi)(yi)及應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)特點都是(shi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)計(ji)中需(xu)要(yao)(yao)重點考(kao)慮(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)因(yin)(yin)素。由(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)類別眾多(duo)，因(yin)(yin)此可以(yi)(yi)選擇電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中部(bu)分電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或者(zhe)是(shi)全部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)作(zuo)為應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，對于獨立(li)控制又自帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈具(ju)，可以(yi)(yi)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)直接(jie)引到(dao)照明配電(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)上，采用(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)回路(lu)進(jin)行(xing)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。在(zai)進(jin)行(xing)施工或者(zhe)是(shi)設(she)(she)計(ji)過程時，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)由(you)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)專用(yong)(yong)回路(lu)進(jin)行(xing)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，禁(jin)止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)和普通(tong)照明回路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)連接(jie)，避免(mian)出現消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈具(ju)發生火災的(de)(de)(de)情況。

合(he)適的(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)急照(zhao)明供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設計(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)環節，該環節的(de)(de)設計(ji)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)需要(yao)(yao)綜合(he)考(kao)慮到建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)的(de)(de)種類、用途，建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)符合(he)的(de)(de)等級，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)轉換時(shi)間等。此(ci)外，消防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急照(zhao)明的(de)(de)持(chi)續(xu)時(shi)間以(yi)及應(ying)(ying)急電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)特點(dian)都(dou)是(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設計(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)需要(yao)(yao)重(zhong)點(dian)考(kao)慮的(de)(de)因(yin)素。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)類別眾多，因(yin)此(ci)可以(yi)選擇電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或者是(shi)全部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)作為應(ying)(ying)急供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。對于獨(du)立控(kong)制又自帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)消防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急燈具，可以(yi)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)直(zhi)接引到照(zhao)明配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱上，采用專用回路(lu)進(jin)(jin)行供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在進(jin)(jin)行施(shi)工或者是(shi)設計(ji)過(guo)程(cheng)時(shi)，需要(yao)(yao)由供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱的(de)(de)專用回路(lu)進(jin)(jin)行供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，禁止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)和普通照(zhao)明回路(lu)的(de)(de)連接，避(bi)免(mian)出現消防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急燈具發(fa)生(sheng)火災的(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)。

消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)，是(shi)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)最為普遍的(de)(de)(de)(de)一種照(zhao)(zhao)明工(gong)具(ju)，應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)長，具(ju)有(you)(you)斷電自動應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)功能(neng)。消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)有(you)(you)耗電小(xiao)、亮度高(gao)，使(shi)用(yong)壽命長等特點，邊上(shang)有(you)(you)電源開關和(he)指顯(xian)燈(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計，適合(he)工(gong)廠、酒店、學校、單位(wei)等公(gong)共場(chang)所以(yi)備停(ting)電怍應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明之用(yong)。其中(zhong)，樓(lou)梯(ti)間(jian)作(zuo)為建筑(zhu)(zhu)內人員疏(shu)散(san)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命通(tong)道以(yi)及(ji)人員流動的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要場(chang)所，需要加強封消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明設(she)(she)計及(ji)效果的(de)(de)(de)(de)重視，對于有(you)(you)強制性要求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明，僅憑設(she)(she)計人員的(de)(de)(de)(de)感覺進(jin)行(xing)設(she)(she)計，很容易出現設(she)(she)計不合(he)格(ge)或者是(shi)設(she)(she)計違反建筑(zhu)(zhu)規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)。因此(ci)在消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)照(zhao)(zhao)明應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)設(she)(she)計中(zhong)需要綜合(he)考慮多方面因素的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，本著既方便實用(yong)又(you)環保節能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)，按照(zhao)(zhao)建筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體(ti)布(bu)局進(jin)行(xing)設(she)(she)計，不僅能(neng)夠滿(man)足消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)要求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則(ze)，同時(shi)(shi)還能(neng)夠符臺合(he)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計理念。

樓梯間應急照明安裝規范

1、各單位應(ying)在各疏散走道、出(chu)口(kou)及(ji)樓(lou)梯間設置事故應(ying)急照明燈(deng)。

2、事(shi)故照明燈(deng)宜設在墻面或頂棚上。疏散(san)指示(shi)標(biao)志(zhi)宜放在太平門的頂部或疏散(san)走道(dao)及其轉角(jiao)處距地(di)面高度一(yi)米(mi)以(yi)下的墻面上，走道(dao)上的指示(shi)標(biao)志(zhi)間(jian)距不宜大于20m。事(shi)故照明燈(deng)和疏散(san)指示(shi)標(biao)志(zhi)，應設玻璃(li)或其他非(fei)燃燒材料制作的保護罩。

3、事故(gu)照(zhao)明燈(deng)宜設(she)在(zai)墻面或頂棚上(shang)(shang)(shang)。疏散指示標(biao)志宜放(fang)在(zai)太(tai)平門的(de)頂部或疏散走(zou)道及(ji)其(qi)轉角處距(ju)地面高(gao)度一米以下的(de)墻面上(shang)(shang)(shang)，走(zou)道上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)指示標(biao)志間距(ju)不宜大于(yu)20m。事故(gu)照(zhao)明燈(deng)和疏散指示標(biao)志，應設(she)玻璃或其(qi)他非燃(ran)燒(shao)材料制(zhi)作的(de)保護(hu)罩。

4、消防應急照明燈具和燈光疏散指示標(biao)志的(de)備用電(dian)源(yuan)的(de)連續(xu)供電(dian)時間不應少(shao)于30min。