樓梯間應急照明分類

應急照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明指因正常(chang)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明失(shi)效而啟動(dong)的(de)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明，應急照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明必須采用(yong)能(neng)瞬(shun)時可靠點燃的(de)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明光源，一般采用(yong)白熾燈(deng)和鹵鎢燈(deng)。 應急照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明包(bao)括備(bei)用(yong)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明、安全(quan)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明和疏散(san)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明。

1、備用(yong)照明。指用(yong)于確保正常活動繼續(xu)進行(xing)的照明。應急照明主(zhu)要設置在由于工作中(zhong)斷(duan)或(huo)誤操(cao)作容易引起(qi)爆炸、火災和人(ren)身傷亡或(huo)造(zao)成嚴(yan)重后果和經濟損(sun)失的場所(suo)，如醫院(yuan)的手術室(shi)和急救(jiu)室(shi)、商場、體育(yu)館(guan)、劇院(yuan)等、變(bian)配電室(shi)、消防(fang)控制中(zhong)心等。

2、安全(quan)照明。指用于確保處于潛在危(wei)險之中(zhong)的(de)人員安全(quan)的(de)照明。

3 、疏(shu)散照明(ming)(ming)。指(zhi)用于確保(bao)疏(shu)散通道被有效地辨認和使用的照明(ming)(ming)。疏(shu)散照明(ming)(ming)主要設置在一旦正常照明(ming)(ming)熄滅或發生(sheng)火災，將(jiang)引起混亂的人員密集的場所，如賓館、影(ying)劇院、展覽(lan)館、大(da)型百貨商場、體育館、高層(ceng)建筑的疏(shu)散通道等。

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樓梯間消防應急照明設計

1、設計要求

樓(lou)(lou)梯間作為(wei)建(jian)筑物內部的(de)(de)核心(xin)組成(cheng)部分，不僅是人流相對(dui)集中(zhong)、最易發(fa)生意外(wai)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)而(er)且還承擔應(ying)(ying)急(ji)疏散(san)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)任務。在發(fa)生火災或(huo)者(zhe)是突然斷電等情況時(shi)，樓(lou)(lou)梯間的(de)(de)消防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明將發(fa)揮重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)作用因此(ci)(ci)應(ying)(ying)高度重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視樓(lou)(lou)梯間的(de)(de)消防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明設計。GB 50016-2014《建(jian)筑設計防(fang)火規(gui)范》中(zhong)規(gui)定在封閉式或(huo)防(fang)煙式的(de)(de)樓(lou)(lou)梯間都應(ying)(ying)設置消防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)具，并且對(dui)樓(lou)(lou)梯間內的(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)疏散(san)照(zhao)度也有強(qiang)制性(xing)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(一般要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)地(di)(di)面(mian)的(de)(de)最低水平照(zhao)度應(ying)(ying)該(gai)高于(yu)5.0 lx)。此(ci)(ci)外(wai)，消防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明設計過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)需要(yao)(yao)合理選擇應(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明系統供電控制方(fang)式，井(jing)應(ying)(ying)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)計算方(fang)法驗證應(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明的(de)(de)照(zhao)度是否(fou)滿足規(gui)范性(xing)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)和標(biao)準值的(de)(de)需要(yao)(yao)。

（1）燈具種類

隨著相關(guan)消防(fang)照明法規的(de)健全與完善(shan)，消防(fang)應(ying)急照明燈具(ju)的(de)種類也不(bu)斷(duan)增多，性能(neng)不(bu)斷(duan)提高，技(ji)術(shu)不(bu)斷(duan)發展(zhan)。按(an)照供電形式劃分，目前常用的(de)消防(fang)應(ying)急燈具(ju)主要分為2種：

①自(zi)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)源型消防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。該類燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)是我(wo)國(guo)普諞使(shi)用(yong)的消防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)之一，一旦(dan)電(dian)(dian)源被切斷，其(qi)自(zi)帶(dai)的蓄電(dian)(dian)池即(ji)可(ke)(ke)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)并且每一個燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)內(nei)部(bu)還配有電(dian)(dian)子元器件，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)起到(dao)變(bian)壓、充電(dian)(dian)、穩壓以(yi)及蓄電(dian)(dian)的作用(yong)。當消防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)進行(xing)檢修時，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)去掉電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)，方便下(xia)次(ci)正常(chang)使(shi)用(yong)。自(zi)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)源型消防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)優勢明(ming)顯(xian)，供(gong)電(dian)(dian)可(ke)(ke)靠性高，轉換(huan)速度快，電(dian)(dian)池損(sun)壞(huai)對(dui)燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)影響相對(dui)較小等；其(qi)缺點在于投資大，受到(dao)電(dian)(dian)池容量大小的限制，具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的照(zhao)明(ming)時間比較短(duan)，運行(xing)管理(li)和維(wei)護(hu)要(yao)求較高等。通常(chang)情況下(xia)，在建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)層次(ci)校(xiao)對(dui)或規模(mo)較小的建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物樓梯(ti)間，消防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)較少，因此宜采用(yong)自(zi)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)源型消防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。

②集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)型(xing)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)。在某(mou)些大型(xing)建筑工程中(zhong)(zhong)，集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)型(xing)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)比較受(shou)人(ren)們的(de)青睞(lai)，主要原因(yin)在于(yu)這(zhe)種(zhong)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)內(nei)沒有(you)獨立的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，當正常照(zhao)(zhao)明電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)被切斷時，供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)來源(yuan)(yuan)主要集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)于(yu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)。這(zhe)種(zhong)形式(shi)的(de)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明系統(tong)省略了(le)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)內(nei)部部分復雜的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路，并(bing)且可(ke)以(yi)在專用房間(jian)內(nei)設置(zhi)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)，一旦發(fa)生事故(gu)，集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)就會(hui)自(zi)動投切。與自(zi)帶蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)相對比，集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)控制型(xing)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)方便集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)管理，用戶(hu)可(ke)以(yi)自(zi)行查看用電(dian)(dian)(dian)情(qing)況。此外，該種(zhong)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)還具(ju)有(you)進行消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)監督(du)檢查以(yi)及延長燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)使(shi)用壽命等(deng)優勢，方便維護和管理。但是此種(zhong)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)也(ye)存(cun)在一定(ding)缺陷，一旦消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)出現故(gu)障，就會(hui)對正常的(de)照(zhao)(zhao)明造成影響。

（2）燈具選擇因素

消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)(ze)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)該滿足其(qi)(qi)安(an)裝場(chang)(chang)所的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水以及防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)塵(chen)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。通(tong)常(chang)情況(kuang)下，一般(ban)民用建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)樓梯(ti)(ti)間(jian)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)選擇(ze)(ze)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)較(jiao)少，沒(mei)有規(gui)定(ding)特殊(shu)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。工業(ye)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)則不(bu)同，其(qi)(qi)樓梯(ti)(ti)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)(ze)需要(yao)(yao)按(an)(an)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)工業(ye)環境要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)進行(xing)。環境比較(jiao)潮(chao)濕(shi)時，需要(yao)(yao)選擇(ze)(ze)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水等級(ji)較(jiao)高或帶(dai)水燈(deng)(deng)頭的(de)(de)(de)(de)開敞性消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)；在某些(xie)腐蝕(shi)性氣體相(xiang)對較(jiao)強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)場(chang)(chang)所，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)選擇(ze)(ze)抗腐蝕(shi)密(mi)閉型消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)如(ru)果(guo)工業(ye)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)所在地的(de)(de)(de)(de)塵(chen)埃相(xiang)對較(jiao)多，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)該選擇(ze)(ze)帶(dai)有防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)塵(chen)裝置，且(qie)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)護(hu)等級(ji)適(shi)宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)；若是(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)場(chang)(chang)所臨近易燃易爆或者(zhe)易發生火災的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方，需要(yao)(yao)按(an)(an)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)GB17945-2010《消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)和疏(shu)散指(zhi)示系(xi)統》等國(guo)家規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準選擇(ze)(ze)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)護(hu)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)。通(tong)常(chang)情況(kuang)下普(pu)通(tong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樓梯(ti)(ti)間(jian)轉彎平臺上都應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)該布置消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)燈(deng)(deng)或是(shi)(shi)人員疏(shu)散的(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)示燈(deng)(deng)。消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)燈(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝有一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高度(du)限制(zhi)，一般(ban)可以將安(an)裝高度(du)控(kong)制(zhi)在距離(li)地面(mian)高度(du)2m左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)，除(chu)此之外(wai)疏(shu)散指(zhi)示燈(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝高度(du)般(ban)控(kong)制(zhi)在距離(li)地面(mian)0.4 m左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)。

綜上所述，選擇(ze)消(xiao)防應急(ji)照明燈具，充(chong)分考慮建筑物(wu)功能、性(xing)質等方面的因(yin)素。

2、供配電系統分析

（1）設計分析

消防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急照(zhao)明(ming)系(xi)統需要具(ju)備獨(du)立的電(dian)(dian)源。獨(du)立照(zhao)明(ming)電(dian)(dian)源應(ying)(ying)(ying)該(gai)和常規照(zhao)明(ming)電(dian)(dian)源分離開，比(bi)較常見的獨(du)立于饋電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路的電(dian)(dian)源有(you)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組、蓄電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)源等形式(shi)。因此常用的消防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急照(zhao)明(ming)配電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統主要有(you)3種：一是以發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)消防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急照(zhao)明(ming)電(dian)(dian)源，二是以蓄電(dian)(dian)池作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)消防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急照(zhao)明(ming)電(dian)(dian)源，三是以自(zi)帶(dai)自(zi)動轉(zhuan)換裝置的蓄電(dian)(dian)池應(ying)(ying)(ying)急燈(deng)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)消防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急照(zhao)明(ming)電(dian)(dian)源。

以發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組作(zuo)為消(xiao)防應急(ji)照明電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)時，需要(yao)在配(pei)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站周圍(wei)設計一段低(di)壓應急(ji)母線，然后(hou)使(shi)用斷(duan)路器(qi)將低(di)壓應急(ji)母線和(he)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所的(de)低(di)壓母線進行(xing)連接，供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時從變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)發(fa)生故(gu)障的(de)情況下，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)就(jiu)會自(zi)行(xing)啟動。應急(ji)母線就(jiu)會和(he)正常電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)斷(duan)開，并采用發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)恢置正常后(hou)，延緩一段時間就(jiu)會返(fan)回到(dao)之(zhi)前(qian)的(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態。

以蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池作為消防應(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源時(shi)(shi)(shi)可以選用燈(deng)內自帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具有自動(dong)轉(zhuan)換裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)，并根(gen)據具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)情況，將常用照(zhao)明裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)設(she)開關進行分散(san)，不(bu)常用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)明裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)剛無需(xu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)設(she)開關，如(ru)果(guo)樓(lou)梯出(chu)口的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標志性燈(deng)需(xu)要裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)設(she)開關時(shi)(shi)(shi)，需(xu)要采取集中(zhong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式，并專門管理(li)。需(xu)要注意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)，在給應(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)浮充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源線中(zhong)，不(bu)需(xu)要設(she)置(zhi)專門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開關線路(lu)。作為應(ying)(ying)急(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池所需(xu)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)換時(shi)(shi)(shi)間一般比(bi)(bi)較短，因此供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中(zhong)持(chi)續的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間也是(shi)(shi)比(bi)(bi)較短的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。相反，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間相對較長，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)換過程(cheng)也需(xu)要較長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間。所以，在整個照(zhao)明設(she)計中(zhong)需(xu)要將蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池和發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進行組臺(tai)，然后設(she)置(zhi)自動(dong)轉(zhuan)換的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)出(chu)現故障(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，可以直接轉(zhuan)換到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，點(dian)亮應(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)，幫助人們(men)繼續正常工作或是(shi)(shi)進行應(ying)(ying)急(ji)疏散(san)，如(ru)果(guo)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)瞬時(shi)(shi)(shi)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，時(shi)(shi)(shi)間較長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下就可以轉(zhuan)換到發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

如果(guo)采用自(zi)動轉換裝置的(de)蓄電(dian)池應(ying)急燈，可以從常規照明(ming)箱引出(chu)(chu)單獨回路(lu)的(de)應(ying)急照明(ming)電(dian)源(yuan)，也可以直接(jie)從應(ying)急照明(ming)電(dian)源(yuan)上引出(chu)(chu)，如果(guo)回路(lu)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)斷電(dian)情況(kuang)時(shi)由電(dian)池供電(dian)的(de)應(ying)急燈就(jiu)會燃亮。

（2）系統要求

樓梯(ti)間消防應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明的(de)設(she)計(ji)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)注意(yi)照(zhao)明配(pei)(pei)電線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)問題，應(ying)急(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)應(ying)該(gai)使用(yong)防火(huo)電纜和(he)耐熱導(dao)線(xian)(xian)，應(ying)急(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)是從發(fa)電機(ji)到應(ying)急(ji)(ji)配(pei)(pei)電母線(xian)(xian)，從母線(xian)(xian)到應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈以及由集中(zhong)裝蓄電池到直急(ji)(ji)燈的(de)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)。通(tong)常情況下應(ying)急(ji)(ji)配(pei)(pei)電線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)裝設(she)短路(lu)(lu)(lu)保護裝置。在線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)敷設(she)過程中(zhong)，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)將應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)和(he)正常照(zhao)明線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)分(fen)管進(jin)行敷設(she)，兩者之間不需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)共(gong)用(yong)中(zhong)性(xing)線(xian)(xian)。應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明分(fen)支線(xian)(xian)的(de)劃分(fen)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)按照(zhao)防火(huo)區進(jin)行劃分(fen)，不同防火(huo)區的(de)分(fen)支線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)之間不能出現跨越。

（3）供電方式

合(he)(he)適的(de)應急照明(ming)(ming)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式是(shi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設計(ji)中的(de)主(zhu)要環節(jie)，該環節(jie)的(de)設計(ji)過(guo)程中需要綜合(he)(he)考慮到建筑(zhu)物的(de)種類、用(yong)途，建筑(zhu)物符合(he)(he)的(de)等(deng)級，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)轉換時間等(deng)。此外，消防應急照明(ming)(ming)的(de)持續時間以及應急電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)特點(dian)都是(shi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設計(ji)中需要重(zhong)點(dian)考慮的(de)因(yin)素。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)類別眾(zhong)多，因(yin)此可以選擇(ze)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)中部(bu)分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)或(huo)者是(shi)全部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)作為(wei)應急供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，對于獨立控制又自帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)消防應急燈(deng)具(ju)，可以將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)直接引到照明(ming)(ming)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱上，采用(yong)專用(yong)回(hui)路進行(xing)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在進行(xing)施工(gong)或(huo)者是(shi)設計(ji)過(guo)程時，需要由供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱的(de)專用(yong)回(hui)路進行(xing)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，禁止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路和普通照明(ming)(ming)回(hui)路的(de)連(lian)接，避免出現(xian)消防應急燈(deng)具(ju)發生火(huo)災的(de)情況。

合(he)適的(de)應急(ji)(ji)照明供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設計(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)主要環(huan)節，該環(huan)節的(de)設計(ji)(ji)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)需(xu)要綜(zong)合(he)考慮到(dao)建(jian)筑物的(de)種類、用(yong)(yong)途，建(jian)筑物符合(he)的(de)等級，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)轉換時間等。此外，消防(fang)應急(ji)(ji)照明的(de)持續時間以及應急(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)特點都是供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設計(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)需(xu)要重點考慮的(de)因(yin)素(su)。由(you)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)類別眾多，因(yin)此可(ke)以選擇電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或者是全部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)作為應急(ji)(ji)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。對(dui)于(yu)獨(du)立控(kong)制又(you)自帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)消防(fang)應急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)，可(ke)以將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)直接引到(dao)照明配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱上，采用(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)回路(lu)(lu)進(jin)行(xing)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在進(jin)行(xing)施(shi)工(gong)或者是設計(ji)(ji)過(guo)程時，需(xu)要由(you)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱的(de)專用(yong)(yong)回路(lu)(lu)進(jin)行(xing)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，禁止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)和(he)普通照明回路(lu)(lu)的(de)連接，避免(mian)出現消防(fang)應急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)發生(sheng)火災的(de)情況(kuang)。

消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈具(ju)(ju)(ju)，是消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應急(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)最為普遍的(de)一種照明(ming)(ming)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)，應急(ji)(ji)(ji)時間長，具(ju)(ju)(ju)有斷(duan)電自動(dong)應急(ji)(ji)(ji)功能(neng)。消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈具(ju)(ju)(ju)有耗電小、亮度高，使用(yong)壽命長等(deng)特點，邊上(shang)有電源開關和指顯燈的(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)，適合(he)工(gong)(gong)廠、酒店、學校、單位等(deng)公(gong)共場(chang)所以備(bei)停電怍應急(ji)(ji)(ji)照明(ming)(ming)之(zhi)用(yong)。其中(zhong)(zhong)，樓梯間作為建筑(zhu)內人員(yuan)疏散的(de)生命通道(dao)以及人員(yuan)流(liu)動(dong)的(de)重要(yao)場(chang)所，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)加強封消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應急(ji)(ji)(ji)照明(ming)(ming)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)及效果的(de)重視，對于有強制性要(yao)求的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應急(ji)(ji)(ji)照明(ming)(ming)，僅(jin)憑設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)人員(yuan)的(de)感覺進行設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)，很容易出現設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)不合(he)格(ge)或者是設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)違反建筑(zhu)規定的(de)問題。因此在消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)照明(ming)(ming)應急(ji)(ji)(ji)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)綜合(he)考慮多方(fang)面(mian)因素的(de)影響，本著既方(fang)便(bian)實用(yong)又環保節能(neng)的(de)要(yao)求，按照建筑(zhu)的(de)具(ju)(ju)(ju)體布局進行設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)，不僅(jin)能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)滿足(zu)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)要(yao)求的(de)原則，同(tong)時還能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)符臺合(he)理(li)的(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)理(li)念。

樓梯間應急照明安裝規范

1、各(ge)單位應(ying)在(zai)各(ge)疏散(san)走道(dao)、出口及樓(lou)梯間設置事故(gu)應(ying)急照明燈。

2、事故照(zhao)明燈宜(yi)設(she)在墻面或頂棚上(shang)。疏(shu)散(san)指(zhi)示標志宜(yi)放在太平門的(de)頂部或疏(shu)散(san)走(zou)道及其轉角處距地(di)面高度一米(mi)以下的(de)墻面上(shang)，走(zou)道上(shang)的(de)指(zhi)示標志間距不宜(yi)大于(yu)20m。事故照(zhao)明燈和疏(shu)散(san)指(zhi)示標志，應設(she)玻璃或其他非(fei)燃燒材(cai)料制(zhi)作(zuo)的(de)保護(hu)罩。

3、事(shi)故(gu)照明燈(deng)宜設在墻面(mian)或頂棚上(shang)(shang)(shang)。疏(shu)(shu)散(san)指(zhi)示標(biao)志宜放在太(tai)平門的頂部或疏(shu)(shu)散(san)走道及其轉(zhuan)角處距(ju)地面(mian)高度一米以下(xia)的墻面(mian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，走道上(shang)(shang)(shang)的指(zhi)示標(biao)志間距(ju)不宜大于20m。事(shi)故(gu)照明燈(deng)和(he)疏(shu)(shu)散(san)指(zhi)示標(biao)志，應(ying)設玻璃或其他非燃燒(shao)材料制作的保(bao)護罩。

4、消(xiao)防應(ying)急(ji)照明燈(deng)具和燈(deng)光(guang)疏散指示(shi)標(biao)志的備用電源(yuan)的連續(xu)供(gong)電時間不應(ying)少于30min。