汽車電路修理方法有哪些

1、要(yao)分(fen)(fen)析電路(lu)原(yuan)理，弄清總體電路(lu)及聯系。一旦碰到不熟悉(xi)的車(che)型和(he)線路(lu)，常常要(yao)自己動手，分(fen)(fen)析電路(lu)原(yuan)理，甚至測繪必(bi)要(yao)的電路(lu)圖。因此，汽車(che)電子(zi)電路(lu)維修(xiu)將涉及到電路(lu)分(fen)(fen)析方法問題。

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2、先外(wai)后內逐(zhu)一排(pai)除，最后確定(ding)其技術狀況。汽車上許多(duo)(duo)電(dian)子電(dian)路(lu)(lu)，出(chu)于性能(neng)要求和技術保護等多(duo)(duo)種原因(yin)，往往采用不可拆卸封裝，如(ru)厚膜封裝調節器、固封點火電(dian)路(lu)(lu)等。如(ru)若(ruo)某一故障可能(neng)涉及到其內部時，則往往難于判斷(duan)，需要先從外(wai)圍逐(zhu)一排(pai)除，最后確定(ding)它們是否(fou)損壞。

4、注意(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)替代的可行(xing)性，一些進口汽車上的電子電路，雖然(ran)可以(yi)拆卸(xie)，但往往缺少(shao)同(tong)型號分立元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)代換，故(gu)往往需(xu)要設(she)法以(yi)國產或其它進口元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)替代。這涉(she)及(ji)到元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)替換的可行(xing)性問題。

怎樣檢查汽車電路故障

1、電壓檢測

（1）使測試燈的(de)一條導(dao)線接地良(liang)好。如(ru)果采用電壓表，則應確認電壓表的(de)負(fu)極接地。

（2）將測(ce)試(shi)燈或電(dian)壓(ya)表(biao)(biao)的另一極接(jie)至選(xuan)定的測(ce)試(shi)點。如(ru)果測(ce)試(shi)燈發光，則(ze)表(biao)(biao)明有電(dian)壓(ya)存在；如(ru)使用電(dian)壓(ya)表(biao)(biao)，則(ze)記下電(dian)壓(ya)讀數。該讀數與被(bei)測(ce)電(dian)池電(dian)壓(ya)相比應在1伏范圍內變(bian)動(dong)。如(ru)果變(bian)動(dong)范圍超過1伏，則(ze)表(biao)(biao)明電(dian)路(lu)有問題。

（3）可(ke)用固態(tai)模(mo)塊的(de)輸入電(dian)壓對導(dao)線(xian)導(dao)通(tong)性(xing)進(jin)行經(jing)常性(xing)快速檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)。如(ru)果(guo)導(dao)線(xian)導(dao)通(tong)性(xing)良好，在開關插頭處(chu)可(ke)以測(ce)(ce)(ce)得12伏的(de)電(dian)壓值(zhi)，該檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)只能(neng)用數字(zi)電(dian)壓表進(jin)行，模(mo)擬(ni)表或測(ce)(ce)(ce)試燈不適(shi)用于檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)電(dian)路。

2、導通性檢測

斷(duan)開車用蓄電(dian)(dian)池，將(jiang)有源測(ce)試燈或電(dian)(dian)阻表的(de)一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)導(dao)線接至將(jiang)要(yao)檢測(ce)的(de)電(dian)(dian)路部分的(de)一(yi)(yi)端。將(jiang)另一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)導(dao)線接至電(dian)(dian)路的(de)另一(yi)(yi)端。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)有源測(ce)試燈發(fa)光，則表明導(dao)通(tong)性良(liang)好。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)采用電(dian)(dian)阻計，低電(dian)(dian)阻或無電(dian)(dian)阻則意味(wei)著導(dao)通(tong)性良(liang)好。

3、地線短路檢測

拆下熔斷的保險(xian)(xian)(xian)絲(si)并斷開(kai)負載，將測試燈或(huo)電(dian)(dian)壓表/數字萬用(yong)表與(yu)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)絲(si)端子(zi)(確認保險(xian)(xian)(xian)絲(si)已通電(dian)(dian))連接。從保險(xian)(xian)(xian)絲(si)盒旁開(kai)始，左右擺動(dong)(dong)導(dao)(dao)線，在觀(guan)察測試燈或(huo)電(dian)(dian)壓表時，在導(dao)(dao)線合適處(chu)(約6英寸間距(ju))繼續擺動(dong)(dong)。測試燈發(fa)光或(huo)電(dian)(dian)壓表有讀(du)數時，在該(gai)處(chu)附近導(dao)(dao)線接地短路。

4、電流檢測

檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)用的(de)儀表(biao)必須串聯在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中，測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)時需要斷(duan)開電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)過表(biao)頭，顯(xian)示出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)安(an)(an)培數或毫(hao)安(an)(an)數。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)測定(ding)點(dian)常選在(zai)保險(xian)絲(si)和蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)兩側。注意勿(wu)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)表(biao)測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，否則會導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)表(biao)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)或二者的(de)嚴重損壞。