一、草帽的編織方法
以麥草(cao)(水草(cao)、麥秸(jie)、竹篾或(huo)棕(zong)繩等)編成七股(gu)辮(bian),用(yong)手工打(da)螺(luo)形底(di),打(da)底(di)后再用(yong)草(cao)帽機釘成草(cao)織(zhi)或(huo)草(cao)編的帽子。最后用(yong)七股(gu)草(cao)辮(bian)在(zai)帽沿(yan)上(shang)圈邊(bian)。夏天戴這種草(cao)帽,既遮陽又能通(tong)風透氣,十分涼(liang)爽。
1、正反結
整排打完百(bai)結(jie)(jie)后(hou),相鄰兩股為一組再打結(jie)(jie),即成(cheng)百(bai)結(jie)(jie)網孔。
2、單結
系(xi)在橫線上的線繩每(mei)四股(gu)(gu)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)組,將第(di)(di)四股(gu)(gu)壓在第(di)(di)二股(gu)(gu)、第(di)(di)三股(gu)(gu)上,再將第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)股(gu)(gu)墊入第(di)(di)二股(gu)(gu)、第(di)(di)三股(gu)(gu)下,然(ran)后挑第(di)(di)四股(gu)(gu)套(tao)過第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)股(gu)(gu),第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)股(gu)(gu)壓套(tao)過第(di)(di)四股(gu)(gu)。
執第(di)(di)一股(gu)(gu)墊(dian)入第(di)(di)二(er)股(gu)(gu)、第(di)(di)三(san)股(gu)(gu)下,將第(di)(di)四(si)股(gu)(gu)挑套第(di)(di)一股(gu)(gu),壓(ya)第(di)(di)二(er)股(gu)(gu)、第(di)(di)三(san)股(gu)(gu)后壓(ya)套第(di)(di)一股(gu)(gu),向下拉緊第(di)(di)一股(gu)(gu)、第(di)(di)四(si)股(gu)(gu),拉直第(di)(di)二(er)股(gu)(gu)、第(di)(di)三(san)股(gu)(gu),即成(cheng)單結。
編(bian)完備(bei)組的(de)第(di)(di)一節后,改組將第(di)(di)一股、第(di)(di)二(er)股與(yu)(yu)第(di)(di)三(san)股、第(di)(di)四股分(fen)別(bie)與(yu)(yu)相鄰的(de)另兩股組合成組,編(bian)第(di)(di)二(er)排結。
3、雙結
雙結是在打完第一(yi)個(ge)(ge)單結后(hou)不改組,間隔少許距離后(hou)再(zai)編(bian)第二個(ge)(ge)同樣(yang)的(de)結,然(ran)后(hou)各(ge)與相鄰的(de)兩股組合。連續編(bian)兩次結,即成雙結。
4、繞格銅元眼
繞(rao)(rao)(rao)格(ge)銅(tong)元眼是(shi)單結(jie)與方格(ge)的結(jie)合。具體方法(fa)是(shi):系在(zai)橫線上(shang)的線繩六(liu)(liu)股(gu)(gu)(gu)為一(yi)(yi)(yi)組,先以一(yi)(yi)(yi)、二、五、六(liu)(liu)股(gu)(gu)(gu)編(bian)成單結(jie),再將三(san)、四(si)股(gu)(gu)(gu)交(jiao)(jiao)叉(cha)結(jie),第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)股(gu)(gu)(gu)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五股(gu)(gu)(gu),第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)六(liu)(liu)股(gu)(gu)(gu)拉(la)(la)向(xiang)右邊,第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)四(si)股(gu)(gu)(gu)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二股(gu)(gu)(gu),第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)股(gu)(gu)(gu)拉(la)(la)向(xiang)左(zuo)邊;如此(ci)打完一(yi)(yi)(yi)排后,將相(xiang)鄰各組的中間兩(liang)股(gu)(gu)(gu)相(xiang)互交(jiao)(jiao)叉(cha)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)結(jie),將前一(yi)(yi)(yi)組的第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)股(gu)(gu)(gu)向(xiang)右拉(la)(la),與該(gai)組第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)四(si)股(gu)(gu)(gu)交(jiao)(jiao)叉(cha)后繞(rao)(rao)(rao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)股(gu)(gu)(gu)、第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二股(gu)(gu)(gu),后一(yi)(yi)(yi)組第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)四(si)股(gu)(gu)(gu)向(xiang)左(zuo)拉(la)(la),與該(gai)組第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)股(gu)(gu)(gu)交(jiao)(jiao)叉(cha)后繞(rao)(rao)(rao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)六(liu)(liu)股(gu)(gu)(gu)、第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五股(gu)(gu)(gu),與前一(yi)(yi)(yi)組第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)六(liu)(liu)股(gu)(gu)(gu)相(xiang)交(jiao)(jiao)成結(jie),至此(ci)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個完整的繞(rao)(rao)(rao)格(ge)銅(tong)元眼編(bian)成。
二、麥秸草帽編織技法
1、整麥稈
在小麥(mai)成(cheng)(cheng)熟收(shou)割(ge)運回(hui)家(jia)時,就選擇麥(mai)稈白長的(de)(de)麥(mai)捆(kun)(kun)子(zi),開始(shi)用雙手(shou)一把(ba)一把(ba)抓起來,將(jiang)麥(mai)穗(sui)向(xiang)下在地上(shang)蹲(dun)齊(qi)。然后用左手(shou)提住麥(mai)穗(sui)基部,右手(shou)拿(na)鐮刀(dao)將(jiang)太短的(de)(de)和(he)麥(mai)葉捋(lv)掉,隨手(shou)綁成(cheng)(cheng)小把(ba)捆(kun)(kun)成(cheng)(cheng)打捆(kun)(kun),存(cun)放在通風干燥處(chu)。
2、拆麥稈挑麥稈
拆麥稈(gan)時大(da)部(bu)分用第(di)一節(jie)和少部(bu)第(di)二節(jie),每節(jie)都在節(jie)前折斷,隨后開始挑麥稈(gan),一般分為(wei)細、偏細、中粗、較粗4種類(lei)型,分好(hao)后逐(zhu)型號綁成小把,并用剪刀減掉多(duo)余的麥穗勁前部(bu)分備用。
3、泡桿、編帽辮
泡(pao)桿一般都在早上和下午,泡(pao)桿時都用(yong)(yong)(yong)清(qing)水在大盆(pen)內或水桶里泡(pao),并(bing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)石頭將麥(mai)稈壓住,使其完(wan)全浸泡(pao)在水中,需(xu)泡(pao)半(ban)小(xiao)時到(dao)1小(xiao)時,使用(yong)(yong)(yong)前(qian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)手(shou)捏一下麥(mai)稈看是否泡(pao)到(dao)位,如泡(pao)到(dao)位即撈出(chu)把水甩(shuai)干,再用(yong)(yong)(yong)干凈(jing)濕手(shou)巾(jin)裹起來保濕。編(bian)帽(mao)辮起頭需(xu)取7根麥(mai)稈為分兩辮從偶數(shu)方用(yong)(yong)(yong)雙(shuang)拇指的(de)指甲編(bian)、掐(qia)而成,所(suo)以又稱“掐(qia)帽(mao)辮”。每年的(de)春、夏、秋、三個(ge)季節(jie)都可編(bian)帽(mao)辮,帽(mao)辮有細辮、偏細辮、中粗(cu)辮和粗(cu)辮4種(zhong),等(deng)到(dao)積存一定數(shu)量后,才可進入(ru)下道工序。
4、編草帽
實際在(zai)農村(cun)都(dou)叫(jiao)盤草帽(mao)(mao)子,因為(wei)制(zhi)作草帽(mao)(mao)時將帽(mao)(mao)辮(bian)一(yi)圈一(yi)圈由里向外擴展而得名。在(zai)盤草帽(mao)(mao)時將選好要用的(de)帽(mao)(mao)辮(bian),用水浸泡10至(zhi)20分(fen)(fen)鐘撈出(chu),甩(shuai)掉水分(fen)(fen)后(hou)(hou)開始:一(yi)是選用細辮(bian),針穿雙(shuang)股(gu)線盤帽(mao)(mao)頂,再用偏細辮(bian)盤帽(mao)(mao)籠(long),然后(hou)(hou)用中粗辮(bian)盤毛沿,一(yi)般根據用途帽(mao)(mao)沿可大可小,大草帽(mao)(mao)直徑在(zai)60厘米左(zuo)右,小的(de)40厘米左(zuo)右收(shou)(shou)邊,收(shou)(shou)邊必須(xu)用兩(liang)股(gu)針線縫兩(liang)道(dao)才算完工。草帽(mao)(mao)盤好后(hou)(hou),須(xu)給帽(mao)(mao)沿部分(fen)(fen)噴上水,然后(hou)(hou)在(zai)方桌上放平用吃(chi)飯碗,碗口(kou)向下,手握碗底用力在(zai)草帽(mao)(mao)上來(lai)回推磨,以(yi)達到接(jie)茬(cha)彌合。至(zhi)此一(yi)項嶄新的(de)草帽(mao)(mao)誕生啦。