蓄電池修復方法有哪些

1、水療法

對已硫(liu)化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，可以(yi)(yi)先(xian)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，倒出(chu)原電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)并注(zhu)入(ru)密(mi)度(du)在1.10g/cm3以(yi)(yi)下(xia)較(jiao)稀電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)，即向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池中(zhong)加水稀釋電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)，以(yi)(yi)提高硫(liu)酸鉛的溶解(jie)(jie)度(du)。采用(yong)(yong)20h率以(yi)(yi)下(xia)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，在液(ye)溫(wen)不超過20℃～40℃的范圍內較(jiao)長時間(jian)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，最后在充足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)情況下(xia)用(yong)(yong)稍高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)調整電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池內電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)密(mi)度(du)至(zhi)標準(zhun)溶液(ye)濃度(du)，一般硫(liu)化現象(xiang)可解(jie)(jie)除，容量恢復(fu)至(zhi)80%以(yi)(yi)上可認為修(xiu)復(fu)成功。

此法機理，用降低酸液密(mi)度(du)提高(gao)硫(liu)酸鹽的溶度(du)積，采(cai)取小(xiao)電(dian)流長時間(jian)充電(dian)以降低歐姆極(ji)化(hua)延緩水分解電(dian)壓的提早出現，最(zui)終使硫(liu)化(hua)現象在溶解和轉化(hua)為活(huo)性物(wu)質(zhi)中逐漸減輕(qing)或消(xiao)除。

此法特點對于加水蓄電池比(bi)較適用，對于硫(liu)化嚴重(zhong)現象亦可(ke)反復處理(li)，無須投資設(she)備即可(ke)自行修復，缺點是過程太(tai)繁瑣對密封電(dian)池(chi)不太(tai)實用。

2、淺循環充電法

對已硫化(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)池，采用(yong)大(da)電(dian)(dian)流5h率(lv)以內電(dian)(dian)流，對電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)至稍過充狀態控制液溫(wen)不(bu)超過40度(du)為宜，然(ran)后放電(dian)(dian)30%，如此(ci)反復數次可減輕和消(xiao)除硫化(hua)(hua)現(xian)象(xiang)。

此法機理，用過充電析出(chu)氣(qi)體對極板表面(mian)輕微(wei)硫化(hua)鹽(yan)沖刷(shua)，使(shi)其脫附(fu)溶(rong)解并(bing)轉化(hua)為活性物質。

此法特點，對于輕微(wei)硫化可明顯修(xiu)復。但對老電池不適用(yong)，因(yin)為(wei)在析出氣體沖刷硫酸(suan)鹽的(de)同時也對正極(ji)板(ban)的(de)活性物產(chan)生強烈沖刷，使活性物質變(bian)軟甚至(zhi)脫落。

3、修復儀修復

對于硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一些專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)修復(fu)(fu)儀對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)數次來(lai)消(xiao)(xiao)除硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。從固體物(wu)理上來(lai)講，任何絕緣層在(zai)足(zu)夠高(gao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下都(dou)可以(yi)擊穿。一旦(dan)絕緣層被擊穿，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會由絕緣狀(zhuang)態轉變為導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態。如(ru)(ru)果對電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)差(cha)阻(zu)值大(da)的(de)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)鹽層施加(jia)瞬間的(de)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可以(yi)擊穿大(da)的(de)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)鉛結晶。如(ru)(ru)果這個高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓足(zu)夠短(duan)，并且進行(xing)限流，在(zai)打穿硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)層的(de)情形下，控(kong)制充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流適當，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)不會引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)析氣(qi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)析氣(qi)量取決(jue)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓以(yi)及充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)大(da)小，如(ru)(ru)果脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)寬度足(zu)夠短(duan)，占空比(bi)夠大(da)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可以(yi)在(zai)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)擊穿粗大(da)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)鉛結晶的(de)條件下，同(tong)時發生的(de)微(wei)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)來(lai)不及形成析氣(qi)，如(ru)(ru)果含有負脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)去極(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)更能保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)在(zai)擊穿硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)鹽層時極(ji)(ji)板的(de)氣(qi)體析出，這樣就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)實現了脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)消(xiao)(xiao)除硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。此法(fa)特點，市場上的(de)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)修復(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)參差(cha)不齊，很多脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)甚至是(shi)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)修復(fu)(fu)儀的(de)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)寬比(bi)、占空比(bi)、負脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)設計(ji)得并不合理不能到(dao)去硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。

4、納米碳溶膠電池活化劑修復

納(na)(na)米(mi)碳(tan)(tan)溶(rong)膠是(shi)納(na)(na)米(mi)碳(tan)(tan)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種類型。納(na)(na)米(mi)碳(tan)(tan)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)是(shi)指(zhi)分散相尺度至少有(you)一(yi)(yi)維小于100nm的(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)。在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場的(de)(de)作(zuo)用下，活(huo)化(hua)(hua)劑的(de)(de)活(huo)性成(cheng)份能固(gu)化(hua)(hua)極板(ban)；崩解不(bu)可逆硫(liu)酸鹽結晶；均勻地吸附在(zai)(zai)極板(ban)表面形成(cheng)保護膜，防止極板(ban)活(huo)性物質脫落和極板(ban)硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)、極化(hua)(hua)、鉛枝(zhi)晶化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)形成(cheng)；激活(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)活(huo)性物質；降低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池內(nei)阻，增(zeng)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)學反應。此類修復液(ye)只對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)修復效果較好，修復后的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池能用12個(ge)月(yue)以(yi)上。

如何判斷蓄電池是否需要修復

1、電動車行程開始縮短（或電池容量不低于70%），說明電動車電池開始失水(shui)和(he)硫(liu)化(hua)，應(ying)補水(shui)或添加小銅(tong)匠(jiang)納米碳溶膠電(dian)池活(huo)化(hua)劑。

2、電動車行程(cheng)縮(suo)短一半(ban)以內（或電瓶(ping)池(chi)量不低(di)于(yu)50%），說明電池(chi)極板硫化(hua)嚴重(zhong)，輕度(du)軟化(hua)。應馬上(shang)添加小銅匠(jiang)納(na)米碳溶膠電池(chi)活化(hua)劑或各類電池(chi)修(xiu)復液(ye)配合脈沖電池(chi)修(xiu)復儀修(xiu)復。

3、電(dian)動車行程縮短一半以(yi)上（或電(dian)池容量低于50%），說明(ming)電(dian)池極板硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)，軟化(hua)(hua)嚴重。添加小銅匠納米碳溶(rong)膠電(dian)池活(huo)化(hua)(hua)劑配(pei)合脈沖(chong)修復儀修復。

4、電動車(che)行程縮短3/4以(yi)上（或電池容量低于30%，電池外形(xing)起鼓，漏液），放棄修復(fu)，予以(yi)報(bao)廢處理。

什么樣的電池故障能夠修復

電池故障分為好多種，比如說硫酸鹽化，失水，斷格，極板軟化脫落，內部短路斷路等，在這些故障當中，只有硫酸鹽化和失水兩種故障可以分別通過脈沖修復和補水手段進行一定程度的修復。方法比較簡單也有一定的效果。實際當中出現這兩種問題的機率是非常小的。至于其它類型的故障，在不分解電動車電池更換極板的(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)是(shi)無(wu)法修復的(de)，即便是(shi)想(xiang)要分解(jie)電(dian)池，僅憑個人(ren)的(de)技術(shu)，設備，再(zai)想(xiang)完整無(wu)痕(hen)的(de)裝回(hui)去就很難了。